非气腹手助腹腔镜结直肠癌手术

目的探讨非气腹手助腹腔镜结直肠癌手术的可行性。方法回顾分析25例手助腹腔镜结直肠癌根治手术患者的临床资料,手术均在非气腹腹腔镜下进行操作。结果全组均获成功,手术时间(171.5 15.6)min;手术清除淋巴结(14.1士1.4)个,切除标本长度结肠癌为(23.8士2.3)cm,直肠癌为(19.4士1.5)cm。术后切口感染3例,未发生吻合口瘘等严重并发症,无手术死亡。结论非气腹手助腹腔镜结直肠癌手术是安全、可行、有效的,可达到结直肠癌根治性手术切除的要求。     

非气腹腹腔镜手术的临床应用

目的 探讨非气腹腹腔镜手术的临床应用价值。方法 回顾分析91例非气腹腹腔镜手术的临床资料。结果 91例非气腹腹腔镜手术中，胆囊切除术51例，阑尾切除术15例，联合手术10例，手助腹腔镜结直肠癌切除手术15例。全组均获成功，未发生吻合口瘘等严重并发症，无手术死亡。结论 非气腹腹腔镜手术是一种实用、安全、可行的微创手术方法，可完成较复杂的肿瘤根治性手术，具有较高的临床应用价值。     

手助腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术16例报告

目的探讨手助腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的临床效果。方法应用LapDisc手助腹腔镜技术完成16例结直肠癌根治术。结果手术全部成功,无1例中转开腹。手术时间120～260分钟,平均180分钟。术中出血50～200ml,平均120ml,术后无死亡及吻合口漏等并发症。随访6～24月,平均8.8月,未见切口种植复发。结论手助腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术具有安全、创伤小、术后恢复快及降低腹腔镜手术难度等优点,值得推广应用。     

非气腹腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术11例报告

目的：探讨非气腹腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术的可行性及疗效。方法2012年7月～2013年6月,行非气腹腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术11例。前列腺特异抗原（PSA）（19．6±17．2） ng/ml,前列腺体积33～78 ml,平均41 ml。临床分期cT1期3例,cT2期6例,cT3期2例。取耻骨上正中切口3～5 cm,用手指钝性分离膀胱前间隙。在腹腔镜或示指引导下于双侧麦氏点下2 cm与脐下弧形穿出3个操作通道。应用悬吊器械提拉下腹壁创造操作的空间,30°腹腔镜通过脐部的通道进入,术者通过两侧的通道及下腹部的小切口进入器械操作。手术操作与传统的腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术相同。结果11例手术顺利,手术时间（227±61） min,术中出血量（360±101） ml,无直肠损伤等严重并发症。术后病理均为前列腺腺癌,无切缘阳性。随访1～11个月,平均4个月,排尿通畅,无尿失禁。 PSA 0～0．21 ng/ml,平均0．11 ng/ml。结论非气腹腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术微创、安全、有效。     

手助腹腔镜治疗贲门下癌1例报告

胃癌腹腔镜手术国内开展的例数很少.早期胃癌腹腔镜手术不但具有开腹手术的特点 ,而且具有腹腔镜手术的优点.我院于2002年7月施行手助腹腔镜根治性近端胃大部切除术1例,现报道如下.     

手助腹腔镜结肠切除术的进展

手助腹腔镜手术 (Ｈａｎｄ -ａｓｓｉｓｔｅｄＬａｐａｒｏｓｃｏｐｉｃＳｕｒｇｅｒｙ ,ＨＡＬＳ)是国际上近年来发展起来的一项新技术 ,已在脾切除、肾切除和结肠切除等多种手术中得到应用 ,欧美和日本ＨＡＬＳ结肠切除术研究报道较多。随着手术经验和技巧的不断积累和提高 ,以及专用器械、设备的研制和应用 ,ＨＡＬＳ在结肠外科中的应用日渐广泛。本文就手助腹腔镜结肠切除方面的文献作一综述。手助腹腔镜手术 (ＨＡＬＳ)一、原理和适应证ＨＡＬＳ可在维持气腹的情况下将手臂通过一个 5ｃｍ～ 7ｃｍ切口伸入腹腔内 ,协助探查、牵拉组织器…     

经蓝碟(LapDisc)手助腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术

目的 探讨手助腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的临床效果。方法 应用LapDisc手助腹腔镜技术完成27例结直肠癌根治术。结果 手术全部成功，无一例中转开腹。手术时间90～260min，平均140min。术中出血50～200ml，平均110ml。术后无死亡及吻合口漏等并发症。随访6～23个月，平均8．6月，未见切口种植复发。结论 手助腹腔镜结直肠癌根治具有安全、创伤小、术后恢复快及降低标准腹腔镜手术难度等优点，值得临床推广应用。     

手助腹腔镜的结直肠癌根治术

国外于 1990年逐渐开展了腹腔镜下结直肠癌手术 ,并随着腹腔镜设备和技术的发展 ,手术方法和治疗效果均有了很大进步 ,尤其是手助腹腔镜下结直肠肿瘤的手术取得了较满意结果[1] 。我院 1999年 7月～ 2 0 0 1年 1月应用手助腹腔镜完成结直肠癌根治术 30例 ,现报道如下。一、临床资料1 一般资料 :本组 30例患者中 ,结肠癌 13例 ,其中男性 9例 ,女性 4例 ,行左半结肠根治切除术 6例 ,行右半结肠根治切除术 7例。直肠癌 17例 ,其中男性 7例 ,女性 10例 ,行直肠癌前切除根治术 6例 ,行直肠癌腹会阴根治切除术11例。患者年龄 36～ 75岁 ,平均 5 6…     

手助腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术(附31例报告)

目的 探讨手助腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术的临床应用价值.方法 采用手助腹腔镜行根治性膀胱切除术31例,其中利用手助操作通道的切口行回肠膀胱术24例,原位回肠新膀胱术7例;并观察围手术期的恢复情况及近期疗效.结果 31例手助腹腔镜下根治性膀胱切除均获成功,手术时间245～530 min,平均365.7 min;出血量100～500 ml,平均250.9 ml.其中3例需输血,输血率为9.7%.术后进食时间为2～15 d,平均4.3 d.住院时间平均19.7 d(9～83 d).术后6例发生围手术期并发症,占19.4%.31例患者均获随访,平均18个月(1～38个月),2例回肠膀胱切口疝,1例输尿管新膀胱吻合口狭窄.肺部转移及局部复发并全身转移各1例,带瘤生存.肿瘤转移死亡1例,猝死1例.其余27例无瘤存活.结论 手助腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术是安全、可行的,尤其在复杂的根治性膀胱切除术中可以减少手术出血,降低手术难度,有效防止并发症的发生.     

腹腔镜辅助或手助结直肠癌根治术

目的总结腹腔镜根治术治疗13例结直肠癌的临床经验。方法回顾分析我科2002年11月-2006年4月13例腹腔镜根治术治疗结直肠癌的临床资料。结肠癌10例，Duke’s A期4例，Duke’s B期6例；直肠癌3例，均为Duke’s A期。结果13例结直肠癌根据肿瘤大小分别采取腹腔镜辅助根治术10例，手助腹腔镜根治术3例，均获成功，无中转开腹手术。无死亡病例。随访1—36个月，平均17个月，未见肿瘤复发。结论依据肿瘤大小和部位选择腹腔镜辅助或手助腹腔镜手术治疗结直肠癌，可以保证手术的安全有效性。     

手助腹腔镜肾输尿管及膀胱袖套状切除术(附9例报告)

目的：探讨手助腹腔镜肾输尿管及膀胱袖套状切除术的手术技术。方法：采用手助腹腔镜对9例肾盂及输尿管肿瘤患者行肾输尿管及膀胱袖套状切除术,其中肾盂癌5例,输尿管癌4例;男7例,女2例;年龄45～68岁,平均53．5岁。结果：9例手术均成功实施,术后病理检查证实为移行细胞癌。手术时问为150～210min,平均190min,出血量50～200ml,平均150ml。术后恢复快,7～21天后出院,无明显并发症。对所有患者随访2～24个月,无肿瘤复发。结论：采用手助腹腔镜肾输尿管及膀胱袖套状切除术治疗肾盂及输尿管肿瘤具有手术时间短、安全、出血少、损伤小、患者术后恢复快、痛苦小、并发症少等优点。     

Hand-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: We report our experience with hand-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy (HALN) for upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma and compare our results with a contemporary series of open nephroureterectomy (ON) performed at our institution. METHODS: Between August 1996 and May 2003, 90 patients underwent nephroureterectomy for upper-tract transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). Thirty-eight patients underwent HALN, while 52 had an ON. End-points of comparison included operative time, estimated blood loss (EBL), intraoperative and postoperative complications, length of hospital stay, pathologic grade and stage of tumor, and tumor recurrence. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 72.3 and 70.6 years in the ON and HALN groups, respectively. Mean operative duration was 243 minutes (ON) and 244 minutes (HALN), with an EBL of 478mL in the open group versus 191 mL in the hand-assisted group (P<0.001). No intraoperative complications occurred, but postoperative complications occurred in 4% and 11% of the ON and HALN groups, respectively (P=0.21). The mean hospital duration was 7.1 days (ON) versus 4.6 days (HALN) (P<0.01). No difference existed in the pathologic grade or stage distribution of urothelial tumors between the 2 groups. The mean follow-up was 51.0 months in the ON group and 31.7 months in the HALN group. Recurrence of urothelial carcinoma occurred in 50% of patients who underwent ON and 40% treated by HALN (P=0.38) at a median interval of 9.1 and 7.7 months, respectively, after surgery. CONCLUSION: Hand-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy is an effective modality for the treatment of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. Patients benefited from less intraoperative blood loss and a shorter hospitalization with an equivalent intermediate-term oncologic outcome compared with that of the open approach.     

An unusual case of transitional cell carcinoma of renal pelvis presenting with brain metastases

We report a rare case, who had presented with a constellation of neurological symptoms (due to multiple brain metastases), but without any urological symptoms, to the department of neurosurgery. The patient was managed with gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery for the metastatic lesions. During an evaluation for primary, he was found to be having transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of right renal pelvis, for which palliative radical nephroureterectomy was performed, following which he received four cycles of paclitaxel and carboplatin chemotherapy. The patient is alive with stable disease at 22-months follow-up.     

手助腹腔镜根治性肾输尿管全切术治疗上尿路移行细胞癌疗效观察

目的：评价手助腹腔镜根治性肾输尿管全切术治疗上尿路移行细胞癌的安全性和有效性。方法：对4例上尿路移行细胞癌患者在行手助腹腔镜根治性肾输尿管全切术后，原切口向下延长2cm，行常规开放性膀胱袖套状切除术；对另1例行手助腹腔镜根治性肾输尿管全切术后，原切口向上下各延长2～3cm，再行开放根治性全膀胱切除术并盆腔淋巴结清扫术并左侧输尿管皮肤造口术。结果：5例均手术成功，前4例手术时间180～240min，术中出血50～180ml；后1例手术时间540min，术中出血l000ml。术后8～28天出院，均无严重并发症发生。结论：采用手助腹腔镜根治性肾输尿管全切术治疗上尿路移行细胞癌是安全有效的，具有痛苦小、并发症少、术后恢复快等优点。     

腹膜后腹腔镜肾盂癌、输尿管癌根治术13例报告

目的:探讨腹膜后腹腔镜手术治疗肾盂癌、输尿管癌的手术方法及临床经验。方法:回顾分析为13例患者行腹膜后腹腔镜手术的临床资料,其中肾盂癌8例,输尿管癌5例;上段1例,中段2例,下段2例,右侧9例,左侧4例。结果:13例手术均获成功,无一例中转开放。手术时间150～230 min,平均(160±13.5)min;术中出血量50～160 ml,平均(102±23)ml,无一例输血;术后1～3 d恢复排气并进食,2 d后下床活动。术后住院7～12 d,平均9 d。术后定期丝裂霉素间断膀胱灌注,随访3～12个月,均无复发、转移及切口种植。结论:腹膜后腹腔镜手术治疗肾盂癌、输尿管癌具有手术损伤小、康复快等优点,且不增加肿瘤种植的风险,与传统开放手术及其他术式相比,术中出血少、手术时间短、术后并发症少。     

Synchronous ipsilateral conventional renal cell and transitional cell carcinoma

Simultaneous occurrence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) in the same kidney is unusual. We report a 61-year-old man with ipsilateral synchronous renal adenocarcinoma and renal pelvic TCC. He was referred to our department for gross hematuria and right flank pain. CT and MRI studies revealed a 57 × 50 mm irregular and infiltrative upper right kidney mass with necrotic components. A right radical nephrectomy was done. Pathological diagnosis was a high grade tumor originating from just beneath the intact urothelium of renal pelvis and infiltrating through the parenchyma showing solid and occasional tubular growth patterns. A second tumor in close proximity to the first was reported as well differentiated RCC. This is a rare case of combined renal malignancies.     

Long-term oncologic outcome after laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract transitional cell carcinoma

OBJECTIVE: To assess the long-term oncologic efficacy of laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). METHODS: Between August 1993 and May 2001, 39 patients underwent laparoscopic RNU for upper tract transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) at our institution. The medical records of these patients were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Clinical outcomes were available in all 39 patients with an actual follow-up ranging from 60 to 148 mo (median: 74). During this time 27 patients (69%) developed at least one TCC recurrence. Eighteen patients had urothelial recurrences, and 9 patients had nonurothelial recurrences. Of these latter patients, 2 patients (5%) had local recurrences. No patient developed a port site metastasis. Eleven patients ultimately had disease progression and died from TCC 7-59 mo (median: 31) after the operation. On statistical analysis, tumor stage was the only factor significantly associated with death from the disease, and tumor location (ureter) was the only factor significantly associated with disease recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: The long-term overall and disease-specific survival rates after laparoscopic RNU for upper tract TCC are well within the range of results reported after open surgery. Thus, the results of the present study support the continued development of laparoscopic techniques in the management of this aggressive disease.     

Sarcomatoid transitional cell carcinoma originating from a duplicated renal pelvis

A case of sarcomatoid transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis is reported. It was distinguished from carcinosarcoma by immunohistochemical study. The tumor was difficult to distinguish from a renal parenchymal tumor in imaging studies because it originated from a duplicated renal pelvis.     

肾移植术后并发双侧自体肾盂和输尿管移行细胞癌16例

目的 总结肾移植术后发生双侧自体肾盂、输尿管移行细胞癌的诊治经验.方法 回顾性分析16例肾移植术后发生双侧自体肾盂、输尿管移行细胞癌患者的资料.首次发现上尿路肿瘤的时间为移植后(56.2±33.0)个月.2例同时发现双侧上尿路肿瘤,其余14例双侧上尿路肿瘤先后发现的时间间隔为(8.6±6.7)个月.临床症状和检查阳性结果以血尿和自体肾积水为主.均行自体上尿路根治性切除术,术后行膀胱灌注化疗.结果 16例手术均成功.32次自体肾、输尿管的病理检查结果均为移行细胞癌,包括单纯肾盂肿瘤4次,单纯输尿管肿瘤9次,合并肾盂、输尿管肿瘤19次.23次肾盂肿瘤的分级为1级8例,2级11例,3级4例;28次输尿管肿瘤的分级为1级6例,2级10例,3级12例.术后随访(26.8±25.1)个月,1例出现肺部转移后死亡;1例发生腰背部软组织转移性移行细胞癌,局部切除;其他患者未发现肿瘤复发及转移.结论 肾移植后自体上尿路移行细胞癌的常见表现为血尿合并自体肾积水,该肿瘤侵袭性较强,对于膀胱及一侧自体上尿路同时存在移行细胞癌者,应行对侧自体肾上尿路预防性切除术.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the clinical features of bilateral native pelvic and ureteral transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) in renal transplant patients. Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out on 16 patients with bilateral native pelvic and ureteral TCC after kidney transplantation.The mean time between transplantation and diagnosis of upper urinary TCC was 56. 2 ± 33. 0 months.Two patients were suffered from bilateral upper urinary TCC at the same time. The mean interval between 2 upper urinary tract operations of the remaining 14 cases was 8. 6 ± 6. 7 months. Hematuria and hydronephrosis of native kidneys were the main symptoms and targets in checkup. Intravesical chemotherapy was postoperatively given. Results All operations were performed successfully. All specimens obtained from the operations were pathologically diagnosed as TCC. The TCC location involved pure native pelvis (n = 4), pure native ureter (n = 9), and pelvis combined with ureter (n = 19). Pelvic TCC pathological grades included grade 1 in 8 cases, grade 2 in 11 cases, and grade 3 in 4 cases; Ureteral TCC grades included grade 1 in 6 cases, grade 2 in 10 cases, and grade 3 in 12 cases.Patients were followed up for 26. 8 ± 25. 1 months. One patient died of lung metastasis. (One case of lumbar soft tissue transfer was given local excision. The remaining patients had no recurrence and metastasis. Conclusion Renal transplant patients with hematuria and native renal hydronephrosis should be highly vigilant of the occurrence of upper urinary tract TCC. TCC after renal transplantation is invasive. Prophylactic contralateral nephroureterectomy should be performed on the recipients having TCC at the bladder and one side of native upper urinary tract.     

Hand-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with cystoscopic en-bloc excision of the distal ureter and bladder cuff and isthmusectomy in a horseshoe kidney for invasive urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis

Upper tract invasive urothelial carcinoma and horseshoe kidneys are familiar to the practicing urologist but relatively rare individual entities. The complication of managing them when they coexist in the same patient can be challenging. Herein, we present the first reported case in which an upper tract invasive urothelial carcinoma in a horseshoe kidney was successfully managed with a combined hand-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy and isthmusectomy with cystoscopic en-bloc excision of the distal ureter and bladder cuff. This highlights the fact that complex anatomy can be managed in a completely minimally invasive fashion, and sound oncologic principles can still be maintained.