血清YKL-40及sLOX-1水平与急性缺血性脑梗死患者短期预后的相关性研究

目的 探讨血清甲壳质酶蛋白-40(YKL-40)及可溶性凝集素样氧化型低密度脂蛋白受体-1(sLOX-1)水平与急性缺血性脑梗死患者短期预后的相关性.方法 收集2017年6月至2020年6月我院诊治的急性缺血性脑梗死患者168例,依据患者脑梗死体积分为大梗死组(n = 36)、中梗死组(n = 77)、小梗死组(n= 55),依据患者神经功能缺损程度分为轻度组(n = 36)、中度组(n = 70)、重度组(n = 62),依据患者发病后3个月预后不同分为死亡组(n= 17)、未死亡组(n= 151).比较各组一般资料和血清YKL-40、sLOX-1水平,并对急性缺血性脑梗死患者血清YKL-40、sLOX-1水平与短期预后的关系进行相关性分析.结果 大梗死组血清YKL-40、sLOX-1水平较中梗死组、小梗死组明显升高,神经功能缺损程度较中梗死组和小梗死组明显加重(P＜0.05),而中梗死组较小梗死组亦明显加重(P＜0.05).重度组、中度组、轻度组血清YKL-40、sLOX-1水平依次明显降低,组间两两比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).死亡组脑梗死体积、神经功能损伤程度、血清YKL-40、sLOX-1水平较未死亡组明显提高(P＜0.05);脑梗死体积、神经功能受损程度、YKL-40、sLOX-1是急性缺血性脑梗死患者短期预后的危险因素(P＜0.05).Spearman参数相关性分析提示血清YKL-40,sLOX-1水平与急性缺血性脑梗死短期随访死亡率呈明显的正相关(r = 0.613、0.592,PP＜0.05).结论 急性缺血性脑梗死患者血清YKL-40及sLOX-1水平呈明显增高趋势,其表达水平与急性缺血性脑梗死患者短期预后存在明显的相关性,可作为急性缺血性脑梗死患者短期预后评估的有效标志物.     

急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清NfL、Galectin-3、Netrin-1水平变化及临床意义

目的 探讨急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清神经丝轻链(NfL)、半乳糖凝集素-3(Galectin-3)、神经导向因子(Netrin-1)水平变化及临床意义.方法 选取2017年6月至2020年6月我科收治的130例急性缺血性脑卒中患者作为观察组,根据神经功能缺损程度,将其分为轻度组(n=33)、中度组(n=56)和重度组(n=41).同期,另选取我院体检健康人群100例(对照组).应用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清NfL、Galectin-3、Netrin-1水平.出院后随访90 d,采用改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分评估患者神经功能预后,采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响急性缺血性脑卒中患者临床预后的危险因素.绘制ROC曲线,分析血清NfL、Galectin-3、Netrin-1对患者不良预后的评估价值.结果 观察组血清NfL、Galectin-3、Netrin-1水平与对照组血清NfL、Galectin-3、Netrin-1水平相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).不同神经功能缺损程度的血清NfL、Galectin-3、Netrin-1水平相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).预后不良组血清NfL、Galectin-3水平高于预后良好组,血清Netrin-1水平低于预后良好组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).多因素Logistic回归分析结果示,血清NfL、Galectin-3、Netrin-1是影响急性缺血性脑卒中患者短期预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05).ROC曲线结果示,血清NfL、Galectin-3、Netrin-1及三者联合检测预测急性缺血性脑卒中患者不良预后的AUC分别为0.769、0.784、0.811、0.892.结论 急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清NfL、Galectin-3水平升高,血清Netrin-1水平降低,其血清水平变化与患者神经功能缺损程度和短期不良预后有关,可作为急性缺血性脑卒中患者神经功能预后评估的参考指标.     

血清钙调蛋白水平与急性缺血性脑卒中神经功能缺损程度的关系

目的:观察急性缺血性脑卒中(IS)后48h血清钙调蛋白(CAM)水平变化及与美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分的关系。方法:急性IS患者(IS组,n=120),入院时采用NIHSS进行评分,并按NIHSS评分5分(A组,n=51)和NIHSS评分≤5分(B组,n=69)分为两个亚组,于IS后48h测定血清CAM值;另取体检健康人群(对照组,n=100)平行测定血清CAM值。比较IS组与对照组以及不同NIHSS评分IS患者血清CAM水平差异,分析IS组CAM水平与NIHSS评分的相关性。结果:IS组血清CAM值较对照组显著增高(t=15.34,P0.01);A组患者CAM水平明显高于B组(t=10.51,P0.01);急性IS患者血清CAM水平与NIHSS评分呈显著正相关(r=0.308,P0.01)。结论:血清CAM水平可反映IS患者急性期病情程度。     

急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清Occludin表达水平及其临床意义

目的 探讨急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者血清闭合蛋白(Occludin)表达水平及其临床意义.方法 选取我院2019年1月至2020年12月收治的207例AIS患者为AIS组,另选取同期68例体检健康者为对照组.收集患者临床资料,酶联免疫吸附法测定血清Occludin水平.比较不同病情严重程度AIS患者血清Occludin水平,Spearman相关性分析AIS患者血清Occludin水平与NIHSS评分的相关性.分析血清Occludin水平与出血转化的关系,多因素Logistics回归分析AIS患者预后不良影响因素,ROC曲线分析血清Occludin水平与AIS发生、出血转化、预后的关系.结果 AIS组血清Occludin水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05).重度缺损组血清Occludin水平明显高于中、轻度缺损组,中度缺损组血清Occludin水平明显高于轻度缺损组(P<0.05).血清Occludin水平与NIHSS评分呈正相关(rs=0.512,P<0.05).出血转化组血清Occludin水平明显高于非出血转化组(P<0.05).高血清Occludin水平(OR=2.121,95％CI:1.457～3.086)为AIS患者预后不良独立危险因素(P<0.05).血清Occludin水平预测AIS发生、出血转化、预后不良的曲线下面积为0.856、0.770、0.857.结论 AIS患者血清水平明显升高,与病情严重程度密切相关,可作为AIS发生、出血转化、预后不良的预测指标.     

急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清血小板膜糖蛋白水平的变化及对预后的评估价值

目的 分析急性缺血性脑卒中患者入院时血清血小板膜糖蛋白-血小板活化因子-1(PAF-1)水平与疾病严重程度和患者90d临床预后的关系,为疾病早期诊断和预后评估提供敏感的生化指标.方法 选择2019年3月至2020年9月入我院初次确诊急性缺血性脑卒中患者共102例,采用改良Rankin量表(MRS)评分评估观察组出院后90d神经预后,并以此分为良好组(共81例,MRS评分0～2分)和较差组(共21例,MRS评分3～6分).另选同期门诊体检的80名健康人员作为对照组.分析患者入院血清PAF-1水平与美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分的相关性;比较两组临床资料以及相关生化指标和入院PAF-1水平的差异.采用多因素Logistic回归分析筛选观察组90d预后的主要影响因素,采用受试者工作曲线(ROC)分析入院PAF-1水平预测90 d预后的效能.结果 缺血性脑卒中组血清PAF-1水平高于对照组(P<0.01).患者入院血清PAF-1水平与NIHSS评分呈现较好的正相关性(r=0.812,P=0.008).治疗90d预后良好组的PAF-1水平、NIHSS评分和梗死体积明显小于较差组(P<0.05).多因素Logistic回归分析显示,入院PAF-1水平和NIHSS评分是90d预后的主要影响因素(P<0.05).ROC分析显示,入院PAF-1水平截断值为9.5ng/mL预测90d预后不良的AUC为0.867,灵敏度为80.5％,特异性为73.6％.结论 急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清PAF-1水平升高与疾病发生以及90 d预后有紧密联系,可作为临床早期诊断脑卒中和判断短期预后的重要生化指标.     

血清CysC水平与短暂性脑缺血发作患者颈内动脉狭窄的相关性

目的:探讨血清胱抑素C(Cystatin c,CysC)水平与短暂性脑缺血发作(Transient ischemic attack,TIA)患者颈内动脉狭窄的相关性.方法:纳入2019年1月至2022年6月我院收治的170例TIA患者为研究对象,根据脑血管造影检查结果评估颈动脉狭窄发生情况;并将颈动脉狭窄程度分为轻度狭窄组(n=38)、中度狭窄组(n=40)和重度狭窄组(n=41).收集所有患者基线资料,并在入院后测定患者实验室指标,重点分析血清CysC水平与TIA患者颈内动脉狭窄的相关性.结果:170例TIA患者中有119例患者发生颈动脉狭窄,发生率为70.00%,其中轻度狭窄患者 38 例,中度狭窄患者 40 例,重度狭窄患者 41 例;四组TIA患者性别、吸烟史、饮酒史、年龄、体重指数(Body Mass Index,BMI)、入院时美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分、入院时收缩压(Systolic Blood Pressure,SBP)及入院时舒张压(Diastolic blood pressure,DBP)、血清总胆固醇(Cholesterol,CHO)水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);重度狭窄组患者血清CysC水平均高于中度狭窄组及轻度狭窄组,三组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).经Logistic回归分析显示,血清CysC水平升高是TIA患者颈动脉狭窄程度加重的风险因子(OR＞1,P＜0.05).结论:血清CysC水平与TIA患者颈内动脉狭窄密切相关,血清CysC水平升高会加重TIA患者颈内动脉狭窄程度.     

血清皮质醇水平及其动态监测与急性颅脑损伤严重程度及预后关系分析

目的 分析不同程度急性颅脑损伤患者血清皮质醇(COR)水平的动态监测特征及与预后关系.方法 80例急性颅脑损伤患者按入院时格拉斯哥昏迷(GCS)量表评分和颅脑CT表现判定颅脑损伤程度,并将其分为三组:轻型(n=28)、中型(n=30)、重型(n=22).于伤后1、2、3、7d及14d采集三组血清标本测定COR水平,并进行预后评估,以Pearson相关系数来评价血清COR水平与预后的关系.结果 轻型、中型、重型急性颅脑损伤患者伤后各时点血清COR水平依次明显升高,组间比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);且重型急性颅脑损伤患者伤后1、2、3、7d及14d血清COR水平波动幅度显著高于轻型、中型患者(P<0.05),三组伤后7、14d血清COR水平均呈正常趋势.轻型、中型、重型急性颅脑损伤患者ICU住院时间、机械通气时间及总住院时间依次明显延长,格拉斯哥预后评价量表(GOS)评分依次显著降低,组间比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);且三组预后情况分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),以重型急性颅脑损伤患者预后最差.急性颅脑损伤患者伤后14d血清COR水平与GOS评分呈负相关(P<0.05).结论 急性颅脑损伤患者血清COR水平明显升高,且损伤程度越严重COR水平升高越明显,动态监测变化幅度越大,且治疗期间COR水平变化与预后密切相关.     

急性缺血性脑卒中患者入院时血清25(OH)D3、Mg2+、LDL-C水平变化及预测近期结局的价值

目的:探究急性缺血性脑卒中(Acute ischemic stroke,AIS)患者入院时血清 25 羟维生素D3(25-hydroxyl vitamin D3,25-(OH)D3)、镁离子(Magnesium,Mg2+)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(Low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)水平的变化及预测近期结局的价值.方法:回顾性分析 2021年 1 月至 2023 年 11 月本院收治的 67例AIS患者及同期 60 例健康者的临床资料,比较两组血清 25(OH)D3、Mg2+、LDL-C水平的差异;应用美国国立卫生院卒中量表将AIS患者按病情严重程度分为轻度组(n=25)、中度组(n=22)和重度组(n=20),比较三组上述指标的差异;同时出院后随访 3 m以改良Rankin评分评价AIS近期结局,比较不同预后组上述指标的差异并应用受试者工作特征(Receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线和曲线下面积(Area under the curve,AUC)分析其预测价值.结果:AIS组血清 25(OH)D3、Mg2+水平低于健康组,LDL-C水平高于对照组(P＜0.05);重度组AIS患者血清 25(OH)D3、Mg2+水平均低于中度组及轻度组,LDL-C水平高于中度组及轻度组(P＜0.05);随访 3 m将AIS患者分为预后不良组(n=29)和预后良好组(n=38),预后不良组血清 25(OH)D3、Mg2+水平低于预后良好组,LDL-C水平高于预后良好组(P＜0.05);ROC分析显示,血清 25(OH)D3、Mg2+、LDL-C单独和联合检查的AUC分别为 0.784、0.806、0.884、1.000,对AIS患者近期结局的预测均具有一定的价值(P＜0.05),对不良预后的预测均具有一定的价值(P＜0.05).结论:AIS患者多表现血清 25(OH)D3、Mg2+水平下降和LDL-C水平升高,对于近期结局的预测具有一定的价值.     

血尿酸与B型脑钠肽在脑卒中患者预后评估中的作用分析

目的:探究血尿酸与B型脑钠肽在脑卒中患者预后评估中的作用.方法:选取2017年2月至2019年7月收治的144例脑卒中患者作为对象开展研究,设为观察组,选取同期的140例健康体检者作为对照参考,设为对照组,对比两组受检者的血尿酸(Uric acid,UA)与B型脑钠肽(Brain Natriuretic Peptide,BNP)水平,并根据观察组患者的预后情况进行分组,对比不同预后患者各时期的UA、BNP水平变化情况.结果:治疗前观察组患者的血清UA、BNP水平均明显高于对照组(P<0.05);144例患者预后良好86例,预后不良58例,入院当天、入院后3 d、入院后7 d时预后良好组的UA、BNP水平明显低于预后不良组(P<0.05).结论:脑卒中患者的血清UA、BNP水平明显增高,且UA、BNP水平与患者的预后有关,应当引起临床重视.     

早发型重度子痫前期患者妊娠压力的影响因素

目的:分析早发型重度子痫前期(Early onset severe Pre-eclampsia,EOSP)患者妊娠压力现状及其影响因素.方法:选取2019年1月～2020年12月我院接收的100例EOSP患者作为研究对象.采用妊娠压力量表(Pregnancy Pressure Scale,PPS)评估所有患者妊娠压力状况,并根据妊娠压力等级评估结果分为无/轻度妊娠压力组和中重度妊娠压力组.分析对比患者的妊娠压力状况、基线资料,EOSP患者妊娠压力的影响因素.结果:所有EOSP患者经评估结果显示,42例为中重度妊娠压力,占42.00％;58例为无/轻度妊娠压力,占58.00％.中重度妊娠压力组患者的非计划妊娠人数明显高于无/轻度妊娠压力组(P<0.05),其社会支持水平、心理弹性水平情况明显低于无/轻度妊娠压力组(P<0.05).经Logistic回归分析结果显示,非计划妊娠是EOSP患者妊娠压力为中重度的危险因素(OR=3.397,P=0.032),社会支持水平与心理弹性水平高均是其保护因素(OR=0.346、0.638,P<0.001).结论:部分EOSP患者妊娠压力较大,可能受非计划妊娠、社会支持水平及心理弹性水平的影响.     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.