早发型重度子痫前期期待治疗妊娠结局的多因素分析

目的探讨早发型重度子痫前期期待治疗中母儿不良妊娠结局的独立危险因素。方法对57例经期待治疗的早发型重度子痫前期孕妇的临床资料进行总结分析,按照有无孕妇及新生儿严重并发症（包括新生儿死亡）的发生分别分为孕妇不良妊娠结局组与对照组和新生儿不良结局组与对照组,分别比较两组患者的一般临床情况及各项检验指标。采用多因素Logistic回归分析母儿不良妊娠结局的危险因素。结果57例早发型重度子痫前期期待治疗中,16例孕妇出现严重并发症,发生率为16/57（28.1%）,无孕产妇死亡。胎死宫内3例,12例新生儿出现明显并发症,其中6例新生儿死亡,围产儿死亡率为9/57（15.8‰）。经多因素回归分析,发病孕周（以30周为界）及血小板减少是孕妇严重并发症发生的独立危险因素,比数比分别为5.2（95%CI 1.1-24.0,P=0.04）和4.6（95%CI 1.2-17.6,P=0.03）。分娩孕周（以32周为界）是新生儿病率及死亡率的独立危险因素,比数比为6.0（95%CI 1.5-24.9,P=0.01）。结论早发型重度子痫前期期待治疗中需严密监护。发病孕周不足30周及血小板降低者孕妇严重并发症的发生显著增加,而分娩孕周超过32周,新生儿结局将显著改善,因此需权衡利弊,选择恰当时机终止妊娠。     

早发型重度子痫前期期待治疗时间及妊娠结局

目的 探讨早发型重度子痫前期期待治疗时间及其妊娠结局.方法 回顾性分析1998年1月至2008年1月,西安交通大学医学院第一附属医院收治的106例早发型重度子痫前期(≤32周)病例,按入院后期待治疗时间分为3组,A组(35例)治疗时间≤48h;B组(36例)治疗时间7～10d;C组(35例)治疗时间≥14d.比较不同期待治疗时间与妊娠结局的关系,包括围生儿结局及严重并发症发生情况.结果 (1)围生儿死亡情况:A组早产儿死亡6例(17.14%),B组2例(5.56%),C组2例(5.71%).A组早产儿病死率明显高于B、C组(P<0.01).(2)并发症发生率依次为胎盘早剥、肾功能衰竭、子痫.A、B、C 3组胎盘早剥发生率分别为:8.57%、8.33%及20%,肾功能衰竭及子痫发生率分别为:5.71%、5.56%及8.57%,上述指标C组均高于A、B组(P<0.05).结论 早发型重度子痫前期严密监测下期待治疗7～10d可明显降低围生儿死亡率,改善围生儿结局,而孕产妇并发症的发生率无明显增加.     

早发型重度子痫前期期待治疗探讨

妊娠期高血压疾病是妊娠期常见的特发性疾病,重度子痫前期是孕产妇及围产儿死亡的重要原因。有学者将在32孕周前发病的重度子痫前期称为早发型,然而更多的学者将于34孕周前发病的重度子痫前期称为早发型[1]。早发型重度子痫前期临床上处理非常棘手。现对我院1997年8月至2006年10月收治的早发型重度子痫前期患者的临床资料作一回顾分析,重点探讨不同孕周的早发型重度子痫前期期待治疗对母儿结局的影响。1资料与方法1.1一般资料1997年8月至2006年10月在我院妇产科分娩总共18 829例,其中重度子痫前期175例,发病率0.93%。诊断标准参照高等院校统…     

重度子痼前期终止妊娠的时机方式与结局

目前治疗子痢前期（PE）唯一有效的方法是终止妊娠。对晚发型重度子痢前期，胎儿已经基本成熟或接近成熟，常毫不犹豫的终止妊娠。但对于早发型重度子痫前期，如何处理却是临床产科医师面临的难题。过多延长孕周将导致母亲严重并发症，而过早终止妊娠却又因胎儿不成熟而使新生儿并发症和死亡率大大增加。而且这些妇女再次怀孕发生早发型重度子痫前期的机率更高，其围生儿结局依然很差。因此。应选择适宜的分娩孕周，在保证母亲安全的同时获得健康存活的婴儿。     

早发型重度子痫前期妊娠结局分析

目的:探讨早发型重度子痫前期的临床特点及围生结局。方法:回顾性分析2006年6月至2009年6月四川大学华西第二医院收治的重度子痫前期患者413例,以发病孕周34周为界限,分为早发型重度子痫前期组156例(早发型组)及晚发型重度子痫前期组257例(晚发型组)。比较两组一般情况、并发症、分娩方式及围生儿结局等指标。结果:早发型组患者在终止妊娠孕周、延长孕周时间、住院时间、入院时血压、24小时尿蛋白、并发症发生率及围生儿结局等方面与晚发型组比较,差异均有高度统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:早发型重度子痫前期患者病情严重,围生儿预后不佳,应根据母胎情况,适时剖宫产终止妊娠。     

早发型重度子痫前期期待治疗

早发型重度子痫前期发病率约为0.3%,部分妊娠24~27周的孕妇可以在密切监护下进行期待治疗,指征如下：（1）一过性实验室检查异常。（2）单纯的尿蛋白异常。（3）单纯的胎儿生长受限。（4）单纯的血压异常。     

不同类型早发型重度子痫前期患者期待治疗时间及妊娠结局的比较

目的:探讨单纯早发型重度子痫前期(SPE)患者与慢性高血压并发早发型SPE患者的期待治疗时间及妊娠结局的差异。方法:选取2011年6月1日~2014年2月30日于石家庄市第四医院产科诊治并分娩的单胎早发型SPE孕妇350例,其中慢性高血压并发早发型SPE患者60例(A)组,单纯早发型SPE患者290例(B组)。比较两组孕妇的期待治疗时间及母儿结局。结果:慢性高血压并发早发型SPE患者的最高收缩压和舒张压及胎儿生长受限发生率均明显高于单纯早发型SPE患者,期待治疗时间明显长于单纯早发型SPE患者,低蛋白血症及肺水肿发生率低于单纯早发型SPE患者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组孕妇的胎盘早剥、HELLP综合征和子痫等发生率、围产儿死亡率、新生儿死亡、胎死宫内、新生儿窒息的发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:慢性高血压并发早发型SPE患者较单纯早发型SPE的期待治疗时间长,在病情允许的情况下,通过严密监测母儿一般状况,可适当延长孕周,降低围产儿死亡率。     

早发型重度子痫前期的研究进展

早发型重度子痫前期由于其发病早,病情重;较多的并发症;多器官功能同时受损;距离足月较远,使临床处理较为棘手。近年来众多学者提出了期待治疗方法。期待治疗是在严格选择病例的前提下,密切监测母婴病情变化,兼顾母儿利益的同时尽量延长孕周,并适时终止妊娠。现将早发型重度子痫前期发病机制、临床特点、期待治疗对象的选择及治疗方法做一综述。     

早发型重度子痫前期合并胎儿生长受限期待治疗的妊娠结局探讨

目的:探讨期待治疗中早发型重度子痫前期合并胎儿生长受限(FGR)的母儿结局,为临床处理提供依据。方法:回顾性分析2002年1月至2012年12月厦门大学附属第一医院产科收治的早发型重度子痫前期患者143例的临床资料,其中合并FGR 48例(合并FGR组),未合并FGR 95例(未合并FGR组)。比较两组一般情况、孕产妇并发症、分娩情况和新生儿情况及143例患者不同分娩孕周(孕30周、孕30~31+6周、≥孕32周)围生儿结局。结果:1两组一般情况、期待治疗平均延长孕周和孕产妇并发症(HELLP综合征、子痫、胎盘早剥、心衰等)的发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。2合并FGR组分娩孕周晚于未合并FGR组(P0.05),但其新生儿出生体重小于未合并FGR组(P0.05)。合并FGR组围生儿死亡率高于未合并FGR组(P0.05)。3新生儿并发症中,合并FGR组心脏发育不全的发生率高于未合并FGR组(P0.05)。4随着分娩孕周增加,早发型重度子痫前期患者的围生儿死亡率和新生儿肺透明膜病的发生率逐渐降低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。合并FGR围生儿死亡率和总体心脏发育不全的发生率在分娩孕周≥32周后也明显降低(P0.05)。结论:对于早发型重度子痫前期合并FGR的患者,期待治疗并不增加孕产妇并发症。合并FGR的患儿心脏发育不全发生率及围生儿死亡率明显增加,但期待治疗后通过延长孕周可改善其围生儿结局。     

早发型和晚发型重度子痫前期分娩方式及母婴结局分析

目的探讨早发型和晚发型重度子痫前期分娩方式及母婴结局。方法收集1977-2010年在西安交通大学医学院第一附属医院产科住院的重度子痫前期患者4457例,其中早发型860例,晚发型3597例。回顾性分析其分娩方式及母婴结局。结果早发型和晚发型重度子痫前期剖宫产率分别为57.7%和36.9%,早发型明显高于晚发型(P=0.02);胎盘早剥是最常见并发症,在早发型和晚发型重度子痫前期发生率分别为6.7%和4.6%(P<0.05)。早发型和晚发型重度子痫前期围生儿死亡率分别为3.6%和2.2%(P<0.01)。特别是早发型妊娠34周前终止妊娠者,围生儿死亡率高达4.9%。结论子痫前期终止妊娠的主要方式为剖宫产术;发病孕周越早,母婴不良结局发生率越高。     

Utility of misoprostol for labor induction in severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effectiveness and safety of misoprostol in severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia patients with unripe cervix. METHODS: A prospective observational study was carried out in 135 severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia patients who required termination of pregnancy at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Khulna Medical College Hospital, Khulna, Bangladesh during January 2002 to October 2003. Fifty micrograms of misoprostol was used every 4 h in cases of unripe cervix (Bishop score < or = 6) in severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia patients. Maternal and perinatal outcome as well as any complications were recorded. RESULTS: In severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia patients vaginal delivery occurred in 79.3 and 80.5% of cases, and cesarean section was performed in 20.6 and 19.4% of cases, respectively. The maximum required responsive dose was 50-150 microg. Oxytocin augmentation was required in 29.3 and 35% of cases, respectively. Induction to delivery time was median 8 h, interquartile ranges 4.2-8.2 h in the severe pre-eclampsia group, and median 9 h, interquartile ranges 6.8-12.5 h in the eclampsia group, and average hospital stay was 3.4 +/- 1.8 and 3.7 +/- 1.7 days, respectively. The only maternal complications were hyperstimulation which occurred in 6.8 and 5.1% of cases, respectively. Neonatal death occurred in five (11.3%) and eight cases (12.1%), respectively. CONCLUSION: Intravaginal misoprostol is well tolerated and very effective for the induction of labor in severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia patients with unripe cervix.     

Effect of fetal gender on pregnancy outcomes in Northern China

Purpose: Several studies have demonstrated that fetal gender has a significant effect on the pregnancy outcomes and pregnancy-related complications. However, results differ as the race and population changes. The aim of our study was to test whether the recorded phenomenon of adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with a male fetus applies to women in northern China.

Methods: This was a multi-centered, cross-sectional study. The study population included women who delivered babies in 25 different hospitals in 9 provinces in northern China, from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2011. For our analysis, we selected 65?173 singleton birth deliveries at or after 28 weeks that occurred during the year 2011.

Results: Male fetal gender was associated with an increased incidence of preterm delivery (8.33% for males; 7.19% for females), gestational diabetes mellitus (4.58% for males; 4.26% for females), fetal macrosomia (9.41% versus 5.78%), lower Apgar score (2.05% versus 1.78%), perinatal death (0.92% versus 0.76%), placenta previa (0.95% versus 0.81%), increased cesarean section delivery (54.87% versus 52.31%) and operative delivery (1.34% versus 1.19%) (p?p?Conclusions: The recorded phenomenon of adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with a male fetus applies to our population regardless of some different results.     

Adverse maternal and fetal outcomes and deaths related to preeclampsia and eclampsia in Haiti

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to define the prevalence and clinical characteristics of preeclampsia and eclampsia at a hospital in rural Haiti.MethodsThis is a retrospective review of women presenting to Hôpital Albert Schweitzer (HAS) in Deschapelles, Haiti with singleton pregnancy and diagnosis of preeclampsia or eclampsia from January 1, 2011 through December 31, 2012. Hospital charts were reviewed to obtain medical and prenatal history, hospital course, delivery information, and fetal/neonatal outcomes. The outcomes included placental abruption, antepartum eclampsia, postpartum eclampsia, maternal death, birthweight <2500 g and stillbirth. Data are presented as median (quartile 1, quartile 3) or n (%) and risk ratios.ResultsDuring the study period, 1743 women were admitted to the maternity service at HAS and 290 (16.6%) were diagnosed with preeclampsia or eclampsia. Only singleton pregnancies were analyzed (N = 270). Nearly all (95.0%) patients admitted with preeclampsia had severe preeclampsia. There were 83 patients with eclampsia (30.7%) of which 61 (73.4%) had antepartum eclampsia. There were 48 stillbirths (17.8%) and 5 maternal deaths (1.9%). Patients with antepartum eclampsia were younger, more likely to be nulliparous and had less prenatal care compared to women with antepartum preeclampsia. Antepartum eclampsia was associated with placental abruption and maternal death.ConclusionsThe rates of preeclampsia and its associated complications, such as eclampsia, placental abruption, maternal death and stillbirth, are high at this facility in Haiti. Such data are essential to developing region-specific systems to prevent preeclampsia-related complications.     

Comparisons of maternal and perinatal outcomes in Taiwanese women with complete and partial HELLP syndrome and women with severe pre-eclampsia without HELLP

AIM: To analyze the variations between maternal complications and perinatal outcome among women with complete hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme levels, and low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome, partial HELLP syndrome, and women with severe pre-eclampsia and normal laboratory tests. We also examine the effect of corticosteroid therapy for treatment of HELLP. METHODS: In this retrospective study, six patients with complete HELLP syndrome and 46 with partial HELLP syndrome, were compared and contrasted with 212 patients with severe pre-eclampsia but without HELLP syndrome. RESULTS: In Protocol 1, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) was the strongest morbidity factor associated with patients among complete HELLP, partial HELLP, and severe pre-eclampsia. After post-hoc analysis, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was the significant outcome variable between complete and partial HELLP. In Protocol 2, after adjustment, we found that MODS (adjusted OR, 15.2, 95% CI, 6.18-35.53; P < 0.001); Apgar score less than 5 at 1 minute (adjusted OR, 2.17, 95% CI, 0.94-5.01; P = 0.069) and DIC (adjusted OR, 9.51, 95% CI, 1.68-53.7, P = 0.011) remained significantly associated with HELLP syndrome. There was a favorable outcome found in the complete HELLP group. Neither the dexamethasone group nor the aggressive therapy group could benefit from the treatment protocol. CONCLUSION: The different categories of HELLP syndrome, the protocol 1 and protocol 2 have been noted as differential effects on pregnancy outcome. MODS and DIC would be two significant outcome variables and corticosteroid therapy may not benefit HELLP patients.     

Effect of fetal diagnosis on the outcomes of second-trimester pregnancy termination for fetal abnormalities: A pilot study

Objective. To explore whether the outcomes of second-trimester pregnancy termination for fetal abnormalities are affected by fetal diagnoses.

Methods. This was a retrospective review of cases undergoing second-trimester pregnancy termination for the fetal diagnoses of hemoglobin Barts, trisomy 21, and trisomy 18 during the period from 1999 to 2006. The affected pregnancies were terminated by vaginal misoprostol. The outcome measures were: (1) abortion within 24 hours after misoprostol commencement, (2) histology-confirmed incomplete abortion, and (3) experience of significant side effects during termination (temperature over 39°C or need for metoclopramide for vomiting).

Results. One hundred and twenty cases were available for analysis. After adjusting for maternal age, parity, history of cesarean delivery, body mass index, gestation, and fetal hydrops, pregnancy termination for trisomy 21 was associated with a higher risk of incomplete abortion than trisomy 18 and hemoglobin Barts (odds ratio 5.25, 95% confidence interval 1.24–22.19, p = 0.024). The chance of abortion within 24 hours and experience of significant side effects were not found to be associated with fetal diagnosis.

Conclusions. Pregnancy termination for trisomy 21 is associated with a higher risk of incomplete abortion. Fetal diagnosis affects the outcome of pregnancy termination.     

子痫终止妊娠时机和方式选择及再发抽搐的预防

子痫发作严重威胁母儿近远期预后,其每次发作都是对孕产妇中枢神经系统和心血管系统的沉重打击,避免发生和预防再发最为重要。对于远离足月的子痫仍可以考虑选择恰当病例,在病情平稳基础上及密切监护与治疗下试行延迟分娩,但应高度个体化处理。产前及产时子痫患者在子痫控制2 h后即可考虑终止妊娠,如果出现危及母儿生命的严重并发症,可尽快终止妊娠而不必考虑时限。     

Magnesium sulphate can prolong pregnancy in patients with severe early-onset preeclampsia

Objective: To assess whether long-term use of magnesium sulphate prolongs pregnancy in patients with severe early-onset preeclampsia.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study included all singleton pregnancies with severe early-onset preeclampsia, expectantly managed in our institution between 2005 and 2013. Obstetric and perinatal outcomes were compared between patients managed using a current protocol that tolerates long-term (over 48 h) use of magnesium sulphate (long-term group, n?=?26) and a historical control group (control group, n?=?15) that underwent conventional treatment (up to 48 h use of magnesium sulphate).

Results: Long-term group showed significant prolongation of pregnancy compared with the control group (9.2?±?7.9 versus 16.6?±?9.3 d, log-rank test, p?=?0.021), which was also observed in patients with severe preeclampsia occurring before 28 weeks’ gestation (n?=?11, 4.5?±?5.2 versus 13.2?±?6.8 d, log-rank test, p?=?0.035). In contrast to a progressive decrease of platelet count in patients managed without magnesium sulphate, administration of magnesium sulphate for 7 d prevented the decrease of platelet count (p?=?0.001). Thirty two percent of patients (13/41) experienced a major complication irrespective of duration of magnesium sulphate use.

Conclusions: Long-term use of magnesium sulphate prolonged pregnancy in patients with severe early-onset preeclampsia and can help alleviate progression of preeclampsia.