A comparative study of the antigenic properties of certain mouse tumors inoculated into pure-brud mice

Summary A comparative study of the antigenic properties of the 3 transplanted mice tumors was conducted. These tumors were passed for a long period of time in inbred animals, with simultaneous tioculation of all of the 3 tumors to the same mouse. The method of specific absorption of antitumor serums was used in the reaction of complement fixation.A clear antigenic difference of the tumor tissues from the tissues of the normal organs of the mouse, the carrier of the tumor was revealed as a result of this investigation. Besides, it was demonstrated that the antigenic substances of the cancer cells are common in different tumors. An actual difference between the antigenic properties of the 3 mice transplanted tumors was, likewise, revealed.The use of these methods allows us to whow the fallacy of the opinion of certain foreign immunogeneticists on the absence of the specific immunity in turmors.The above data not only make the presence of the specific antigenic substances of the pathologically changed cancer cell quite certain, but, likewise, the presence of the variations between the antigenic properties of the 3 different transplanted mice tumors.Presented by N. N. Zhukov-Verezhnikov, Active Member of the Acad. Med. Sci. USSR     

The prolonged heterogeneous implantation of mouse tumors in rats

Summary The antigenic content of Ehrlich's mouse carcinoma transplanted for more than a year on young rats was studied with the aid of cancer cell agglutination reaction (in M. M. Kapichnikov's modification). Rat species-specific antigens appear on the surface of cancer cells begining from the first generation of rats, evidently, at the expense of the rat protein adsorption. In addition to this, after 50 generations, certain mouse species-specific antigens disappear from the surface of cancer cells. Identical results are obtained in complement fixation reaction. The loss of mouse antigens is accompanied by a simultaneous decline in the growth of the tumor heterotransplants on mice.Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR N. N. Zhukov-Verezhnikov     

The use of the method of anaphylaxis with desensitization for the study of the antigenic properties of tumors during heterotransplantation

Summary The method of anaphylaxis with desensitization makes it possible to analyze the antigenic properties of the heterotransplanted tumors in guinea pigs with considerable precision. It was demonstrated that the temporary growth of the mouse tumor in an animal of another species does not alter considerably its antigenic properties. The antigens of the original tumor, particularly the antigen characterizing the species specificity of the protein are preserved in the heterotransplant of the tumor in these conditions.Presented by Active Member of the AMN SSSR N. N. Zhukov-Verezhnikov     

On certain characteristics of higher nervous activity in animals subjected to antenatal ionizing radiation

Summary On the 15th day after coitus female rabbits were subjected to a single x-irradiation in a dose of 400 r. Stabilization of conditioned reflex activity was investigated in the progeny: observations covered the somatic state of the animals with determination of hematological indices and inquiry into the cerebral morphology. In animals irradiated during organogenesis there is a slower elaboration and a slower stabilization of conditioned positive reflexes; differential response to sound stimulus is not elaborated. By irradiated animals differed but little from the controls hematological and weight indices. Histological investigation disclosed a reduction of the brain mass, considerable atrophy of the cortex and its disturbed development; corpus calossum is either absent or underdeveloped and so is cerebellum. Clinically there appear rotational and pendulum-like movements and development of spastic paralyses of hind extremities. According to the brain function indices subcortical formations are the ones of suffer most in these animals.(Presented by Active Member of the Akad. Med. Nauk SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byullenten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 56, No. 7, pp. 35–38, July, 1963.     

Changes in the immunogenic properties of three transplanted tumors after prolonged homotransplantation in inbred mice

Summary A study was made of the immuno-biological properties of three transplantable tumors inoculated into one animal and during prolonged passage through inbred mice.In studying the cross-immunity caused by immunization into tail (Andervont's method) there occurred in these tumors changes of immunobiological properties which took place not only at the expense of nonspecific components, but also at the expense of the tumor antigens themselves.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR N. N. Zhukov-Verezhnikov) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 54, No. 10, pp. 94–98, October, 1962     

成纤维细胞生长因子2不同作用时长对软骨细胞的影响

目的 比较成纤维细胞生长因子2(FGF2)体外不同作用时长对兔关节软骨细胞增殖及基因表达变化的影响.方法 分离、培养兔膝关节软骨细胞.取第3代软骨细胞分为3组进行研究:短时间(1 d)作用组细胞经FGF2处理1d后转移至无FGF2的培养基中继续培养7d;长时间(7 d)作用组细胞用含FGF2的培养基连续培养7d;对照组细胞用无FGF2的培养基连续培养7d.分别于培养过程中的第1、3、7天,收集软骨细胞进行细胞增殖情况检测;提取软骨细胞mRNA,并通过实时荧光定量PCR检测骨形态发生蛋白2(BMP2)、骨形态发生蛋白4(BMP4)、Ⅱ型胶原α1(COL2A1)和性别决定区Y框蛋白9(SOX9)的表达情况;采用免疫荧光染色测定软骨细胞Ⅱ型胶原的含量.结果 与对照组相比,不同时长的FGF2处理均能促进软骨细胞的增殖,且短时间作用组和长时间作用组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).实时荧光定量结果显示,不同的处理方式引起了不同的基因表达变化,在连续培养7d后,与对照组和长时间作用组比较,短时间作用组的BMP2、BMP4、COL2A1和SOX9基因表达均上调,差异均具有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).免疫荧光染色结果表明,连续培养7d后,短时间作用组的Ⅱ型胶原含量明显高于对照组和长时间作用组.结论 FGF2短时间作用于软骨细胞较长时间作用更有利于软骨细胞表型的维持和细胞外基质的合成.     

Cellular basis for genetically determined enhanced resistance of certain mouse strains to listeriosis.

The characteristics of the mononuclear phagocytes mediating resistance to infection with Listeria during the early phase (0 to 48 h) of the response have been investigated in genetically determined susceptible (A/J) and resistant (C57BL/6, B10.A/SgSn) strains of mice. Irradiation immediately before infection profoundly enhanced the bacterial growth in the resistant strain, while having no effect in the susceptible strain, over a wide range (3 x 10(3) to 10(5)) of infective doses. This effect of irradiation is demonstrable at low-dose radiation (200 roentgens) and can be reversed by repopulation with 20 x 10(6) syngeneic nucleated bone marrow cells. Administration of dextran sulfate 500 24 h before infection profoundly enhanced the bacterial growth in the susceptible strain, while having much less effect in the resistant strain. Thus, the genetic advantage of the resistant mouse strains to listerial infection, at least during the early phase of the response, appears to be due to a cellular mechanism that is highly radiosensitive and relatively insensitive to dextran sulfate 500. In the susceptible strain, the early protective cellular mechanism is radioresistant and highly dextran sulfate 500 sensitive.     

Metabolic,body temperature and hormonal responses to repeated periods of prolonged cycle-ergometer exercise in men

Summary This study was designed to find out whether rest intervals and prevention of dehydration during prolonged exercise inhibit a drift in metabolic rate, body temperature and hormonal response typically occurring during continuous work. For this purpose in ten healthy men the heart rate (t _c), rectal temperature (T _re), oxygen uptake (VO₂), as well as blood metabolite and some hormone concentrations were measured during 2-h exercise at approximately 50% maximal oxygen uptake split into four equal parts by 30-min rest intervals during which body water losses were replaced. During each 30-min exercise period there was a rapid change in T _re and t _c superimposed on which, these values increased progressively in consecutive exercise periods (slow drift). The VO₂ showed similar changes but there were no significant differences in the respiratory exchange ratio, pulmonary ventilation, mechanical efficiency and plasma osmolality between successive periods of exercise. Blood glucose, insulin and C-peptide concentrations decreased in consecutive exercise periods, whereas plasma free fatty acid, glycerol, catecholamine, growth hormone and glucagon concentrations increased. Blood lactate concentrations did not show any regular drift and the plasma cortisol concentration decreased during the first two exercise periods and then increased. In conclusion, in spite of the relatively long rest intervals between the periods of prolonged exercise and the prevention of dehydration several physiological and hormonal variables showed a distinct drift with time. It is suggested that the slow drift in metabolic rate could have been attributable in the main to the increased concentrations of heat liberating hormones.     

Proteolytic properties of gastric juice with respect to plant and animal proteins contained in qualitatively different diets fed for short or long periods of time

Summary It was shown that during short (3–4 day) vegetable and meat diets the adaptation of proteolytic properties of the gastric juice to the quality of food becomes, to a certain extent, inert. Immediately after the change from the meat diet to vegetable and vice versa, protcolytic properties of the gastric juice correspond to the quality of the food, while in the following few hours — to the quality of the previous diet. Adaptation to the new diet is completely developed in 2 to 4 days. However, a paradoxical phenomenon on the 3th to 50th day of prolonged diet is noted, i.e. in meat diet — the phytolytic properties of the gastric juice become prevalent, while in vegetable—zoolytic.Presented by V. N. Chernigovskii, Active Member AMN SSSR