腰椎骨盆重建内固定术在骶骨肿瘤切除后的应用

[目的]探讨骶骨切除术后腰椎与骨盆TSRH-3d内固定重建方法及其作用。[方法]本院于2001年12月-2006年12月,收治68例腰骶段骨肿瘤患者,其中原发肿瘤48例,转移癌20例,L5S127例,L5-S211例,L5-S312例,S1-38例;肿瘤切除方式：本组患者术中尽可能保留骶神经,低位骶骨肿瘤保留S1-3神经,原发肿瘤行植骨,转移癌行骨水泥填塞成型,肿瘤切除术后给予腰椎与骨盆TSRH-3 d腰骨盆固定术,并给予相应的放疗与化疗。[结果]术后随访8-48个月,近期效果满意,3例出现排尿困难,5例出现脑脊液漏,2例切口感染及延迟愈合,5例转移癌患者,分别于术后14、17、20、25、23个月因多处转移,全身衰竭死亡。患者腰骶部疼痛及神经功能有不同程度改善,恢复正常负重及行走。X线检查未见钉孔扩大、骨盆内聚及腰椎下移（L5下沉）。所有患者均未发生断钉、断棒或螺钉松动。[结论]骶骨肿瘤切除与重建术有利于保持腰椎及骨盆稳定性,可减轻疼痛,保留患者的行走功能。     

骶骨肿瘤的分区切除与重建方式的选择

目的：探讨对骶骨肿瘤按其发生部位进行分区切除，选择相应重建方式的方法及疗效。方法：1988年2月-2005年1月手术治疗43例骶骨肿瘤患者，按肿瘤侵及部位（即上段骶骨、骶髂关节及骶髂关节水平向外的髂骨是否被破坏）对骶骨肿瘤进行分区切除并重建，相应的手术及重建方式包括单纯切除、钢针加塑形骨水泥（CPC）重建骶骨、钢板螺钉固定或骶骨螺钉固定重建骶髂关节、不同长度的Luque棒或髂骨棒加钢丝缠扎或TSRH或Isola或CGWS腰椎骨盆内固定。并给予相应的放疗与化疗。结果：术后出现脑脊液漏2例，切口感染及延期愈合3例，切口皮肤边缘坏死1例，下肢深静脉血栓形成1例，经积极处理后均治愈。随访1-17年，平均75个月，43例患者中39例（90．7％）术后疼痛得到缓解，视觉模拟疼痛评分由术前平均8．5分降低到术后3.4分（P〈0．01）。14例有神经功能损害的患者中，11例术后症状改善，3例无改善。20例行自体和或异体植骨的患者术后1年16例获得骨性融合。3例脊索瘤、3例恶性纤维组织细胞瘤和4例骨巨细胞瘤患者于术后1年因复发而进行1次或多次手术，其中有5例和1例骨髓瘤、1例转移癌患者于术后17-50个月因肺部和全身转移死亡。发生断棒2例，均再次手术更换断棒。结论：按肿瘤部位进行分区切除，选择相应的重建方式，达到尽可能广泛切除肿瘤组织和维持脊柱及骨盆稳定性的目的．是取得良好疗效的重要保证。     

ISOLA脊柱内固定系统在高位骶骨肿瘤切除重建中的应用

[目的]探讨采用脊柱ISOLA钉棒系统重建高位骶骨肿瘤切除后腰椎-骨盆连续性的适应证、手术方法及可行性.[方法]对2001年7月～2007年1月间收治的43例侵犯S1、2的高位骶骨肿瘤患者进行同顾性研究,所有患者行肿瘤切除术后双侧或单侧ISOLA系统腰椎-骨盆的连续性重建.其中单侧重建者11例(25.6%),双侧重建者32例(74.4%).[结果]43例中,脊索瘤、骨巨细胞瘤、神经源性肿瘤共33例(77.1%).术后34例(79.1%)经12～62个月随访,5例脊索瘤患者复发,29例得到良好局部控制.术后腰骶部疼痛及下肢根性疼痛症状均明显缓解,恢复正常负重及行走.无1例出现断钉、断棒或螺钉松动.X线片检查未发现钉孔扩大、骨盆内聚及腰椎下移(L5下沉).国际保肢学会(ISOLS)评分功能优良率26例(76.5%).[结论]对于高位骶骨肿瘤,采用ISOLA钉棒系统重建其切除后腰椎-骨盆连续性的手术方法简便,创伤小,并发症少,且固定确实,值得推广.     

腰骶内固定的适应证与主要技术

腰骶融合手术为脊柱外科中常用术式,而腰骶内固定有助于腰骶融合。其手术适应证包括腰椎滑脱椎间盘突出与椎管狭窄、畸形以及其他原因缃起的腰骶不稳。腰骶内固定的主要技术有Ｇａｌｖｅｓｔｏｎ技术、髂骨螺钉、骶骨椎弓根螺钉、骶骨构、骶骨棒、骶骨杆、关节突螺钉、腰骶椎体间融合、人工椎间盘等。     

腰骶-髂骨脊柱椎弓根钉棒内固定系统在C1、2型骨盆骨折中的应用

目的探讨腰骶-髂骨脊柱椎弓根钉棒内固定系统治疗C1、2型骨盆骨折的临床应用效果。方法收治8例C1、2型骨盆骨折,均采用一期前后路手术切开内固定,骨折累及骶椎管予相应减压,前环不稳予重建钢板固定,后环不稳予腰骶-髂骨椎弓根钉内固定。结果无一例发生感染及螺钉松动、断裂等现象,骨盆稳定性得到良好的恢复;7例患者术后能自行下床行走,3例L5神经根受损症状术后均得到明显缓解,1例马尾神经损伤患者术后骨盆稳定性得到良好的恢复,但马尾神经症状恢复不多,大便不能自控。结论一期前后路手术治疗能较好地恢复骨盆的稳定性,腰骶-髂骨脊柱椎弓根钉棒内固定系统治疗合并骶髂关节复合体损伤/骶骨骨折的C1、2型骨盆骨折,能取得足够的复位及内固定稳定性。     

恶性骶骨肿瘤的骶骨次全切除

[目的]介绍骶骨恶性肿瘤的骶骨次全切除治疗的手术技术和初步临床效果。[方法]对8例骶骨恶性肿瘤患者,行骶骨次全切术。取后侧倒Y形切口,于远端分离暴露骶骨直肠间隙,沿间隙向近端钝性分离骶骨前方,切断双侧梨状肌,切断S2～S5神经根,保护双侧S1神经根,在S1神经根下方将硬脊膜切断并予以结扎,双侧骶髂关节切断骶髂关节连接处,于S1/2间隙水平整体凿断骶骨骨面,整块切除骶骨巨大肿瘤。L4、L5置入椎弓根螺钉,双侧髂骨分别置入2枚髂骨螺钉,用连接棒连接固定。[结果]所有患者中,1例出现切口感染、1例出现皮缘坏死;1例出现切口血肿,但无严重不良后果。随访3个月～5年,无复发及转移病例,无死亡。[结论]骶骨次全切除术治疗骶骨恶性肿瘤手术复杂,需妥善保护S1神经,固定骶髋关节,以保留功能。     

腰骨盆重建术治疗涉及腰骶关节的粉碎性骶骨骨折

[目的]评价应用腰骨盆重建术治疗涉及腰骶关节粉碎性骶骨骨折的临床疗效.[方法]回顾性分析自2007年5月～2012年10月期间本院治疗的不稳定型骶骨骨折患者11例,男9例,女2例;年龄23 ～ 53岁,平均32.5岁.致伤原因:交通伤7例,高坠伤2例,挤压伤2例.骨折分型,按照Denis方法分型:涉及Ⅱ区+Ⅲ区6例,涉及Ⅰ区+Ⅱ区+Ⅲ区5例;部分患者有明显骶神经损伤症状,根据Gibbons标准:1分6例,3分2例,4分3例.采用后路骶神经孔减压,腰椎椎弓根螺钉联合骶骨椎弓根螺钉和/或髂骨螺钉重建腰-骨盆环稳定性.利用X线片或CT观察骨折复位及愈合情况,应用Majeed功能评分对临床功能恢复进行评分,应用Gibbons标准评分评定神经功能改善情况.[结果]手术时间80～160 min,平均130 min;术中出血量400～800 ml,平均660ml.11例均获随访,随访时间8～24个月,平均16个月,术后随访均获骨性愈合,平均愈合时间6个月,无假关节形成,无骨折再移位,1例一侧髂骨钉松动,无钉棒断裂.3例神经功能完全恢复;2例明显改善,但遗留不同程度足下垂及下肢感觉障碍;1例略有改善,除下肢功能障碍外还有膀胱直肠功能障碍.[结论]对于涉及到腰骶关节的粉碎性骶骨骨折,除了稳定骨盆环外,还应重视腰骶段的重建,腰椎椎弓根螺钉联合骶骨椎弓根螺钉和/或髂骨螺钉可以恢复脊柱骨盆的整体稳定性,是治疗不稳定型骶骨骨折的有效方法之一.     

CD、AF椎弓根内固定治疗胸腰段椎体不稳定骨折

目的 评价CD、AF椎弓根内固定系统治疗胸腰段椎体不稳定骨折疗效。方法 采用CD（33例）、AF（32例）椎弓根内固定治疗胸腰段椎体不稳定骨折。必要时切除椎板减压,直视下嵌击性复位。行横突间植骨融合。结果 65例获3-29个月随访,行X线及CT复查,骨折脱位复位率达95％。CD组中有2例断钉,3例钉棒松动,椎体复位高度丢失4～6mm。AF组无1例断钉及钉棒松动。结论 CD、AF椎弓根内固定系统治疗胸腰段椎体不稳定骨折,固定牢靠,椎体高度再丢失少。AF较CD操作更加简单、可靠。     

骶骨椎弓根及侧块的应用解剖研究

【摘要】 目的：研究骶骨椎弓根及侧块的解剖学结构特点,为骶骨椎弓根和侧块螺钉内固定技术应用提供理论依据。方法：随机选择60例成人患者骶尾骨螺旋CT图像资料,应用三维重建技术确定骶骨椎弓根和侧块的进钉点,测量骶骨椎弓根和侧块的螺钉置入钉道长度和角度。选择15例成人尸体标本进行大体解剖,确定骶骨椎弓根和侧块的进钉点,并测量螺钉置入的钉道长度和角度。结果：S1～S5的椎弓根和侧块变化较大但左右对称,椎弓根进钉点位于横突中线与骶后孔中点连线交点,侧块进钉点位于横突中线与骶外侧嵴交点内侧,椎弓根钉的钉道角度外倾约2     

TSRH-3D在高位骶骨肿瘤切除和腰椎骨盆稳定性重建中的作用

目的评价TSRH-3D在高位骶骨肿瘤切除、腰椎骨盆重建中的作用和效果。方法经前后联合入路或腰骶椎后路手术治疗61例高位骶骨肿瘤患者。肿瘤切除方式：L5～S1椎节切除4例，L5-S2椎节切除7例，全骶骨切除17例，骶骨部分切除33例。肿瘤切除后应用TSRH-3D系统进行腰椎骨盆重建，并给予相应的放疗与化疗。结果术中出血量500—6000（2700±800）ml。手术时间150～380（220±80）min。未出现手术相关的死亡。61例均获随访，时间3～50（18±15）个月，近期疗效均较满意。腰骶部疼痛均减轻或缓解，神经功能有不同程度的改善。2例出现一侧髂骨螺钉断钉，7例出现排尿困难，4例出现脑脊液漏，2例切口延期愈合，复发7例，因肿瘤复发转移出现全身衰竭死亡3例。结论TSRH-3D腰椎骨盆重建系统安装方便，手术操作容易，创伤小，对脊柱的稳定性破坏小，便于植骨，容易获得植骨融合而达到长期稳定的效果，适合在高位骶骨肿瘤切除和腰椎骨盆稳定性重建中应用。     

下腰椎不同融合方法的即刻与疲劳后稳定性

目的:观察下腰椎后路不同融合方法的即刻与疲劳后稳定性。方法:9具新鲜L1~S1尸体标本分别头尾端固定,在脊柱三维运动实验机上模拟人体行屈伸、左右侧弯及旋转活动,观察L4~L5节段运动范围(ROM),随后进行各种模拟手术并安装内固定,依次测定失稳腰椎、CD内固定(CD)、CD加椎体间植骨(CD-骨块)、CD加TFC(CD-TFC)状态下L4~L5的ROM值。随后在868Mini-MTS多轴生物力学实验机上对三种术式腰椎进行1500次疲劳加载,再观察L4~L5节段的ROM。结果:①失稳腰椎与正常腰椎比较在各运动方向上ROM均明显增加;②单纯CD内固定即刻稳定性好,但疲劳后呈不稳趋势,在屈伸及左右旋转方向明显失稳;③CD-骨块、CD-TFC稳定性好,疲劳后仍能维持良好的稳定性;④CD-骨块与CD-TFC疲劳组比较在屈伸及左右侧弯时ROM无明显差异,但CD-TFC在抗旋转方向优于CD-骨块组。结论:单纯后路短节段CD内固定和/或椎体间植骨融合均能提供良好的稳定性,但单纯后路短节段CD内固定抗疲劳性差,辅以椎间支撑(植骨或TFC)可有效提高抗疲劳稳定性。     

椎弓根钉结合椎体成形术治疗椎体压缩性骨折

目的 采用后路椎弓根钉内固定,结合碳酸化羟基磷灰石水泥椎体成形术治疗椎体压缩性骨折,并在围手术期内对该手术方法及安全性进行观察研究.方法 自2003年10月-2005年12月对37例椎体压缩性骨折采用后路椎弓根钉内固定 碳酸化羟基磷灰石水泥椎体成形术.术中通过短节段椎弓根钉复位撑开骨折椎体,经病椎的椎弓根利用注射器将碳酸化羟基磷灰石水泥注入撑开的病椎中前柱,观察其治疗效果.结果 所有患者均获得随访,随访时间8～23 个月,所有患者术后均无神经症状或原有神经症状加剧,无肺栓塞等发生,伤口均一期愈合;所有患者椎体内植入碳酸化羟基磷灰石水泥后无排斥反应,无一例远期内固定失败.结论 经椎弓根后路内固定结合椎体成形术是一种有效的治疗椎体压缩性骨折的方法,尤其能有效防止金属内固定的失败.     

New means in spinal pedicle hook fixation

Summary Pedicle hooks which are used as an anchorage for posterior spinal instrumentation may be subjected to considerable three-dimensional forces. In order to achieve stronger attachment to the implantation site, hooks using screws for additional fixation have been developed. The failure loads and mechanisms of three such devices have been experimentally determined on human thoracic vertebrae: the Universal Spine System (USS) pedicle hook with one screw, a prototype pedicle hook with two screws and the Cotrel-Dubousset (CD) pedicle hook with screw. The USS hooks use 3.2-mm self-tapping fixation screws which pass into the pedicle, whereas the CD hook is stabilised with a 3-mm set screw pressing against the superior part of the facet joint. A clinically established 5-mm pedicle screw was tested for comparison. A matched pair experimental design was implemented to evauluate these implants in constrained (series I) and rotationally unconstrained (series II) posterior pull-out tests. In the constrained tests the pedicle screw was the strongest implant, with an average pull-out force of 1650 N (SD 623 N). The prototype hook was comparable, with an average failure load of 1530 N (SD 414 N). The average pull-out force of the USS hook with one screw was 910 N (SD 243 N), not significantly different to the CD hook's average failure load of 740 N (SD 189 N). The result of the unconstrained tests were similar, with the prototype hook being the strongest device (average 1617 N, SD 652 N). However, in this series the difference in failure load between the USS hook with one screw and the CD hook was significant. Average failure loads of 792 N (SD 184 N) for the USS hook and 464 N (SD 279 N) for the CD hook were measured. A pedicular fracture in the plane of the fixation screw was the most common failure mode for USS hooks. The hooks usually did not move from their site of implantation, suggesting that they may be well-suited for the socalled segmental spinal correction technique as used in scoliosis surgery. In contrast, the CD hook disengaged by translating caudally from its site of implantation in all cases, suggesting a mechanical instability. The differences in observed hook failure modes may be a function of the type and number of additional fixation screws used. These results suggest that additional screw fixation allows stable attachment of pedicle hooks to their implantation site. Hooks using additional fixation screws passing obliquely into the pedicle apparently provide the most rigid attachment. The second fixation screw of the prototype hook almost doubles the fixation strength. Thus, the prototype hook might be considered as an alternative to the pepdicle screw, especially in the upper thoracic region.     

Die minimal-invasive Stabilisierung des dorsalen Beckenrings mit dem transiliakalen Fixateur interne (TIFI)

The Trans Iliacal Internal Fixator (TIFI) is a minimally invasive technique for the stabilization of sacro-iliac joint ruptures and fractures lateral to the sacral ala or through the sacral foramen. In this study, 7.0 mm pedicle screws of the Universal-Spine-System (USS, Synthes) were inserted 1-2 cm on the cranial side of the posterior superior iliac spine and parallel to the superior gluteal line. The connecting bar was inserted subfascially and fixed with the locking head pedicle screws to form an fixed-angle construction. In a prospective study 31 patients with vertical shear injuries of the pelvis were treated with the TIFI. There were two wound infections and one loosening of a pedicle screw. None of the screws were incorrectly positioned and no neuro-vascular lesions were caused by the implant. 2 years postoperatively we found 50% good and excellent results for type C pelvic ring injuries.Early findings show that the TIFI is well suited to stabilization of sacro-iliac joint ruptures and fractures of the lateral sacrum. Closed reduction and minimally invasive insertion technique are possible. The implant leads to sufficient biomechanical stability but there is a very low intraoperative risk of neuro-vascular lesion.     

Augmentation of a loosened sacral pedicle screw with percutaneous polymethylmethacrylate injection

STUDY DESIGN: Case report describing augmentation of a loosened sacral screw with percutaneous injection of polymethylmethacrylate. OBJECTIVE: To highlight the advantages of percutaneous injection of polymethylmethacrylate in treatment of loosened pedicle screws. SETTING: Turkey. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Lumbosacral instrumentation with pedicle screws is a commonly used procedure for correcting deformity and stabilizing the spine until bony fusion occurs. Loosening of the screws is a complication of this procedure and is seen more frequently in multilevel instrumentation, particularly in those instrumentations using sacral screws. METHOD: We present the case of a woman who had had L3-L4-L5-S1 instrumentation with pedicle screws who developed severe low back pain radiating to the left hip 2 months after the operation. Radiologic and clinical examination revealed that the left pedicle screw of the sacrum had loosened, and revision surgery was planned. The left sacral screw was augmented with percutaneous injection of polymethylmethacrylate. RESULTS: The patient was free of pain after the operation. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that percutaneous polymethylmethacrylate injection around a loosened screw may be an alternative to major open revision surgery in cases of sacral screw failure in multisegmental instrumentation.     

前路U形钛板在腰骶段脊柱肿瘤切除术后稳定性重建中的应用

目的:评价U形钛板在前路腰骶段肿瘤切除脊柱稳定性重建手术中的应用效果。方法:21例腰骶椎肿瘤患者均采取前方手术入路,肿瘤切除后6例良性肿瘤患者应用自体髂骨植骨、钛板内固定,15例恶性肿瘤患者采用骨水泥填充、钛板内固定。随访观察治疗效果。结果:所有患者随访8～24个月,平均16个月,腰骶部疼痛及骶神经压迫症状均明显改善,6例良性肿瘤患者3个月后均达骨性融合;15例应用骨水泥填充治疗的恶性肿瘤患者内置物位置良好无移位,1例患者术后16个月死于肺转移,1例术后未坚持放化疗,3个月后局部复发,出现瘫痪症状,余13例未见肿瘤局部复发和转移。所有患者内固定无松动和断裂。结论:前路腰骶段脊柱肿瘤切除后应用骨水泥或自体髂骨植骨加前路钛板内固定有利于维持脊柱及骨盆的连续性,可前路一期完成减压和稳定性重建,固定牢靠,创伤较小,是腰骶段脊柱稳定性重建可选择的方式之一。     

髂骨翼肿瘤的切除与重建

目的 探讨髂骨翼肿瘤切除及重建方式。方法1998年7月至2004年7月,61例髂骨翼肿瘤患者接受髂骨肿瘤切除重建手术。其中男38例,女23例;年龄12～78岁,平均43岁。根椐Enneking骨盆肿瘤分区：肿瘤累及Ⅰ区36例,Ⅰ、Ⅱ区17例,Ⅰ、Ⅳ区8例。肿瘤切除术后,检查骨缺损的大小,将钉棒系统应用于髂骨肿瘤切除后的缺损重建中。对于肿瘤累及Ⅳ区的患者,行钛网杯重建髋臼顶及全髋置换术。对于儿童患者,采用植骨或斯氏针＋骨水泥固定。结果61例髂骨肿瘤切除的患者中48例患者获得随访,随访时间为16个月至6年,平均43个月。其中33例存活,无肿瘤局部复发迹象;15例死亡。36例行Ⅰ区肿瘤切除的患者中,19．4％（7／36）出现局部复发;17例行Ⅰ、Ⅱ区肿瘤切刮、骨水泥填充、髋臼重建的患者中,35．3％（6／17）出现局部复发;8例行Ⅰ、Ⅳ区肿瘤切除的患者中,1例死于围手术期,50．0％（4／8）局部复发。功能结果：36例行Ⅰ区肿瘤切除的患者,术后有正常行走功能。17例行Ⅰ、Ⅱ区肿瘤刮除、骨水泥填充、髋臼顶重建、人工髋关节置换的患者,术后髋关节功能基本正常。结论可将钉棒系统应用于成人患者髂骨肿瘤切除后的缺损重建中,维持骨盆环的完整。对于儿童的髂骨肿瘤切除后的重建,应尽量采用比较简单的固定。可应用异体骨或自体髂骨（取自残存的部分髂骨）植于髂骨颈与骶骨翼之间,用加压螺丝钉固定。     

Management of fracture-dislocation of the lower cervical spine with the cervical pedicle screw system

INTRODUCTION

Usually, cervical pedicle screw fixation has been considered too risky for neurovascular structures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the method and efficacy of the cervical pedicle screw system for fracture-dislocation of the cervical spine because of its rigid fixation.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

A prospective study was conducted involving 48 patients with cervical spine fracture-dislocation who underwent cervical pedicle screw fixation surgery between January 2003 and January 2007. All patients had various degrees of cord injury, and they were classified according to the American Spinal Cord Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale: 18 cases were grade A, 15 grade B, 10 grade C, and 5 grade D.

RESULTS

Six months after the operation, all patients had achieved solid bony fusion and stable fixation of the related segments. Thirty patients with incomplete spinal cord injury improved their ASIA Impairment Scale classification by 1 to 2 grades after the operation. Eighteen patients with complete spinal cord injury had no improvement in neural function. However, nerve root symptoms such as pain and numbness were alleviated to some extent.

CONCLUSIONS

The cervical pedicle screw system is an effective and reliable method for the restoration of cervical stability. Sufficient pre-operative imaging studies of the pedicles and strict screw insertion technique should be emphasised.     

Iso-C 3D导航系统下椎弓根钉内固定治疗颈椎骨折脱位

[目的]探讨在Iso-C 3D导航系统下行椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗颈椎骨折、脱位的临床意义。[方法]在Iso-C 3D导航系统下,应用椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗颈椎骨折、脱位共31例,观察临床疗效及置钉的准确性。[结果]本组31例中,共置入136枚椎弓根螺钉。术后X线片显示,颈椎骨折脱位复位均满意,颈椎生理曲度恢复良好。术后CT显示,136枚椎弓根螺钉中,有6枚螺钉穿破椎弓根,穿透皮质率4.4%,但均未造成脊髓、神经、血管压迫等。经随访,X线显示所有病例融合区均骨性愈合,无1例出现断钉及内置物松动现象。合并脊髓损伤的患者,术后神经功能均有不同程度的恢复。[结论]椎弓根螺钉技术稳定性良好,具有优越的生物力学性能,为颈椎骨折脱位行后路内固定提供了一种安全有效的方法,在Iso-C 3D导航下行颈椎椎弓根螺钉内固定手术,能显著提高椎弓根螺钉置入的准确性和安全性。     

三维平板透视引导上颈椎椎弓根螺钉置入准确性及疗效分析

目的 评价在三维平板透视系统引导下应用上颈椎椎弓根螺钉内固定加植骨融合技术治疗上颈椎骨折的安全性和临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析自2012-06-2013-10我科收治的11例上颈椎骨折脱位病例,均在术中三维平板透视系统引导下采用上颈椎椎弓根螺钉短节段内固定加植骨融合技术进行手术治疗。结果 术后所有患者的颈椎稳定性均得到即刻恢复,44枚螺钉均在位良好,未发生脊髓及椎动脉损伤等任何与置钉相关的并发症,无螺钉断裂、松动。结论 在三维平板透视系统引导下经上颈椎椎弓根螺钉内固定加植骨融合技术治疗上颈椎骨折脱位,螺钉置入准确性高,有效防止置钉并发症,力学稳定性好,植骨融合率高,是上颈椎骨折后路固定术中理想的手术方式之一。