制备工艺对格列美脲片溶出行为的影响

目的 探索不同制备工艺对格列美脲片溶出行为的影响。方法 以溶出度及在pH （7.20±0.05）缓冲液中溶出曲线为检测指标,并结合流动性和可压性,考察粉末直接压片、干法制粒压片、湿法制粒压片对格列美脲片溶出行为的影响。结果 采用粉末直接压片、干法制粒压片、湿法制粒压片工艺制备的格列美脲片溶出行为存在一定差异。结论 采用空白辅料湿法制粒,外加原料药混合压片制得格列美脲片与参比制剂溶出行为一致,且产品质量稳定,为格列美脲片一致性评价工作奠定了基础。     

因子设计-PCA法优化黄芪多糖干法制粒压片研究

摘 要 目的： 对黄芪多糖干法制粒压片后的物理指标进行表征,优化辅料选择。方法: 以微晶纤维素用量、乳糖用量、微粉硅胶用量为考察因素,以颗粒得率、片剂硬度、片剂脆碎度、崩解时间为考察指标,以因子设计法安排试验,以主成分分析法(Principal Component Analysis, PCA)综合评价试验指标。结果: 优选辅料为15%微晶纤维素、10%乳糖、10%微粉硅胶。结论: 因子设计 PCA法能优化干法制粒压片过程中辅料的选择。     

儿童常用注射用冻干粉空瓶体积及负压与产气体积相关性研究

摘 要 目的：研究儿童医院门急诊输液药房常用的注射用冻干粉针空瓶体积及负压与产气体积相关性,为药品生产提供参考。方法: 利用20 ml注射针筒测量30种儿童医院门急诊输液药房常用的注射用冻干粉针空瓶体积,具有负压的药品瓶内负压体积,溶解后产生气体的药品产气体积,比较各体积与药品理论溶解体积及实际溶解体积之间的关系,提出药品生产时的注意事项。结果: 30种药品中,实际溶解体积为理论溶解体积1/2的共计6种,瓶内具有负压的药品共计8种,溶解后产生气体的药品共计3种。药品的空瓶体积大于药品理论溶解体积4 ml以上为宜。药品的负压体积略大于药品的理论溶解体积为宜。产气的药品需在溶解后仍保持瓶内负压为宜。结论: 现有部分注射用冻干粉针在出厂设计时存在缺陷,造成一定的药品冲配困难。     

银杏叶提取物的树脂柱色谱脱酸工艺研究

目的 优化树脂柱色谱法脱除银杏叶提取物中总银杏酸的最佳工艺。方法 通过单因素和响应面法实验,以体积流量、洗脱剂乙醇体积分数、洗脱液接收体积为考察因素,以银杏叶提取物中总银杏酸去除率、总黄酮转移率和提取物收率的综合评分为指标,优化树脂柱色谱法脱除总银杏酸最佳工艺。结果 最佳工艺参数为体积流量1.2 BV/h,洗脱剂乙醇体积分数70%,洗脱液接收体积3 BV。结论 本工艺稳定、可行、重复性好,可作为银杏叶提取物树脂柱色谱脱酸工艺。     

伊潘立酮片有关物质一致性评价研究

目的 建立伊潘立酮片的有关物质测定方法,与参比制剂进行有关物质一致性评价研究。方法 建立高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定伊潘立酮片有关物质,并考察方法的专属性、线性、精密度、准确性及耐用性等。采用Agela Venusil MP C₁₈（150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）色谱柱,以0.02 mol/L磷酸氢二铵缓冲液（磷酸调pH至7.0±0.1）为流动相A,以乙腈为流动相B,体积流量1.0 mL/min,检测波长为229 nm,柱温40℃。结果 在选定的色谱条件下,伊潘立酮与杂质分离良好,辅料无干扰。自研伊潘立酮片与参比制剂杂质谱相似。结论 该方法准确、可靠、耐用性好,自研伊潘立酮片与参比制剂具有有关物质一致性。     

注射用头孢唑肟钠中有关物质的HPLC法测定

目的 建立测定注射用头孢唑肟钠中有关物质的HPLC法。方法 采用Agient Eclipse C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）;以乙腈–pH 3.6缓冲液（取枸橼酸1.42 g、磷酸氢二钠2.31 g,加水溶解并稀释至1 000 mL）为流动相,进行梯度洗脱;检测波长：254 nm;柱温：40℃;体积流量：0.8 mL/min;进样量20 μL。结果 头孢唑肟在0.24～14.52 μg/mL与峰面积呈良好的线性关系（r=1.000 0）,最低检出质量浓度0.03 μg/mL。结论 采用的HPLC方法简单、专属性强,可有效控制注射用头孢唑肟钠产品的质量。     

粉雾剂装置气流阻力与药物分散行为的关系

目的 研究不同分散机制的粉雾剂装置气流阻力与载体型制剂粉末分散行为间的关系。方法 以Lactohale 206^®与马来酸氯苯那敏（CPM）混合粉末为制剂模型,4款不同阻力的吸入器为吸入装置： RS01-L、RS01-M、RS01-H、Handihaler^®（HD）,借助计算流体力学（CFD）、离散相（DPM）、离散元（DEM）方法,探讨在30、60 L/min 2种体积流量下,制剂载体颗粒在不同阻力装置内的运动、分散情况;同时,运用新一代撞击器（NGI）研究模型制剂在2种体积流量下、通过不同装置后的体外沉积表现,并与数值模拟结果进行比较、分析。结果 CFD结果表明,装置气流阻力及气流流量均对装置内流场强度有影响,当装置内体积流量提高时,结构类似的RS01-L、RS01-H的装置湍流动能变化集中于旋转腔及格栅处区域,可能会影响胶囊从装置中的递送;而HD装置胶囊仓吸嘴等部件流场紊乱程度均提高。DPM结果表明,载体颗粒在装置内的运动速度随装置阻力及流量提高而增加,对RS01-L、RS01-H类结构而言,流量提高主要促进载体在分散腔内的运动速度,增加颗粒与装置的碰撞次数;HD装置内载体颗粒流量虽提高,但颗粒运动轨迹差异不明显;DEM结果表明,相同体积流量下,RS01系列的L、H装置气流-颗粒相对速度平方值远低于HD装置,HD装置中气流剪切作用强于同等体积流量下RS01装置,HD装置总碰撞能量损失远低于RS01。体外实验结果表明,RS01系列的L、M、H装置递送剂量（DD）受体积流量影响较小;HD装置内体积流量越高,装置残留和胶囊残留越低,DD越大;装置残留RS01系列明显高于HD,且随气流体积流量的升高,L、M装置残留降低显著（P<0.05、0.001）;HD装置体积流量提高后,预分离器药物残留显著降低（P<0.001）,但颗粒在惯性作用下在喉管的残留则显著增加（P<0.001）;RS01系列装置在2种体积流量下喉部沉积无显著性差异,高流量下H装置预分离器沉积较低流速显著增加（P<0.001）;2种体积流量下,微细粒子剂量（FPD）均随RS01系列装置阻力增加而显著提高（P<0.05、0.01、0.001）,质量中值空气动力学粒径（MMAD）均随装置阻力增加呈下降趋势;RS01系列装置分散药物能力随体积流量增高而显著提高（P<0.001）;而对HD装置而言,体积流量增加后,MMAD虽降低,分散能力有所提升,但FPD变化不明显。结论 装置气流阻力是调节装置分散性能的一种可行的方式,体积流量一致时,装置阻力增加（通常由截面积变小造成）,气流流速提高,制剂粉末颗粒运动速度升高,颗粒与装置壁面的碰撞作用增强,粉末分散效果得到提升,从而改善了药物分散、沉积表现。     

HPMEC-ELSD法检测注射用丹参多酚酸中大分子物质

目的 建立注射用丹参多酚酸（SAFI）中大分子物质（相对分子质量≥1.0×10⁴）的高效分子排阻色谱-蒸发光散射（HPMEC-ELSD）检测方法。方法 采用超滤离心方法（截留相对分子质量为3 000,转速为4 000 r·min^-1）对供试品溶液中的大分子物质进行分离富集。色谱条件为：检测器ELSD,Ultrahydrogel 500与Ultrahydrogel 250色谱柱串联,流动相0.02%甲酸水溶液,流动相体积流量0.6 mL·min^-1,柱温35℃,进样量10 μL,压缩空气体积流量2.5 L·min^-1,漂移管温度105℃,不分离模式,增益1。结果 该方法空白无干扰,专属性良好;精密度、重复性、加样回收率均良好;右旋糖酐在相对分子质量2 700～36 800线性良好,回归方程为Y＝－0.220 5 X＋10.247 0（R²＝0.994 5）;对照品溶液和供试品溶液50 h稳定性良好;不同流动相、流动相体积流量、柱温、压缩空气体积流量、漂移管温度等的耐用性良好。17批SAFI均未检出大分子物质。结论 建立的HPMEC-ELSD方法简便、快捷,可用于SAFI中大分子物质的检测。     

叔丁醇细菌内毒素检查方法研究

目的 为建立叔丁醇的细菌内毒素检查方法提供参考。方法 按《中国药典》2015年版（四部）要求验证叔丁醇预处理的可行性,并采用凝胶法考察样品对细菌内毒素检查的干扰情况。结果 样品水浴蒸发挥干后,加等体积BET水溶解残渣作为供试液,对试验无干扰作用。结论 初步建立叔丁醇的细菌内毒素检查方法。     

缬沙坦片的制备工艺及质量一致性评价研究

目的 开发缬沙坦仿制片,并对其进行体外质量一致性评价。方法 以缬沙坦原研制剂（80 mg）为对照药品,单因素实验考察影响缬沙坦溶出度的处方因素及制备工艺参数,从而确定最佳处方和制备工艺,并测定自制片和原研药在4种溶出介质的溶出过程,采用相似因子（f₂）法对两者的溶解曲线进行相似性评价。结果 3批缬沙坦仿制药在磷酸盐缓冲液（pH6.8）中15 min内溶出85%,在水、pH1.2盐酸溶液、pH4.5醋酸盐溶液中的f₂均大于50。结论 以溶出度为主要考察指标,通过单因素实验开发的缬沙坦片仿制药与原研药体外溶出具有一致性,质量符合要求。     

A Quality-by-Design Study for an Immediate-Release Tablet Platform: Examining the Relative Impact of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Properties,Processing Methods,and Excipient Variability on Drug Product Quality Attributes

The impact of filler–lubricant particle size ratio variation (3.4–41.6) on the attributes of an immediate-release tablet was compared with the impacts of the manufacturing method used (direct compression or dry granulation) and drug loading (1%, 5%, and 25%), particle size (D[4,3]: 8–114 μm), and drug type (theophylline or ibuprofen). All batches were successfully manufactured, except for direct compression of 25% drug loading of 8 μm (D[4,3]) drug, which exhibited very poor flow properties. All manufactured tablets possessed adequate quality attributes: tablet weight uniformity <4% RSD, tablet potency: 94%–105%, content uniformity <6% RSD, acceptance value ≤ 15, solid fraction: 0.82–0.86, tensile strength >1 MPa, friability ≤0.2% weight loss, and disintegration time < 4 min. The filler–lubricant particle size ratio exhibited the greatest impact on blend and granulation particle size and granulation flow, whereas drug property variation dominated blend flow, ribbon solid fraction, and tablet quality attributes. Although statistically significant effects were observed, the results of this study suggest that the manufacturability and performance of this immediate-release tablet formulation is robust to a broad range of variation in drug properties, both within-grade and extra-grade excipient particle size variations, and the choice of manufacturing method. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 103:527–538, 2014     

Improving the Content Uniformity of a Low-Dose Tablet Formulation Through Roller Compaction Optimization

In this investigation, the potency distribution of a low-dose drug in a granulation was optimized through a two-part study using statistically designed experiments. The purpose of this investigation was to minimize the segregation potential by improving content uniformity across the granule particle size distribution, thereby improving content uniformity in the tablet. Initial operating parameters on the Gerteis 3-W-Polygran 250/100/3 Roller Compactor resulted in a U-shaped potency function (potency vs. granule particle size) with superpotent fines and large granules. The roller compaction optimization study was carried out in two parts. Study I used a full factorial design with roll force (RF) and average gap width (GW) as independent variables and Study II used a D-optimal response surface design with four factors: RF, GW, granulating sieve size (SS), and granulator speed (GS). The planned response variables for Study I were bypass weight % and potency of bypass. Response variables for Study II included mean granulation potency with % relative standard deviation (% RSD), granulation particle size, sieve cut potency % RSD, tablet potency with % RSD, compression force at 7 kP crushing strength, and friability of 7-kP tablets. A constraint on GW was determined in Study I by statistical analysis. Bypass and observations of ribbon splitting were minimized when GW was less than 2.6 mm. In Study II, granulation potency, granulation uniformity, and sieve cut uniformity were optimized when the SS was 0.8 mm. Higher RF during dry granulation produced better sieve cut uniformity and tablets with improved uniformity throughout the run, as measured by stratified tablet samples taken during compression and assayed for potency. The recommended optimum roller compaction and milling operating parameters that simultaneously met all constraints were RF = 9 kN, GW = 2.3 mm, SS = 0.8 mm, and GS = 50 rpm. These parameters became the operating parameter set points during a model confirmation trial. The results from the confirmation trial proved that the new roller compaction and milling conditions reduced the potential for segregation by minimizing the granulation potency variability as a function of particle size as expressed by sieve cut potency % RSD, and thus improved content uniformity of stratified tablet samples.     

Improving the content uniformity of a low-dose tablet formulation through roller compaction optimization

In this investigation, the potency distribution of a low-dose drug in a granulation was optimized through a two-part study using statistically designed experiments. The purpose of this investigation was to minimize the segregation potential by improving content uniformity across the granule particle size distribution, thereby improving content uniformity in the tablet. Initial operating parameters on the Gerteis 3-W-Polygran 250/100/3 Roller Compactor resulted in a U-shaped potency function (potency vs. granule particle size) with superpotent fines and large granules. The roller compaction optimization study was carried out in two parts. Study I used a full factorial design with roll force (RF) and average gap width (GW) as independent variables and Study II used a D-optimal response surface design with four factors: RF, GW, granulating sieve size (SS), and granulator speed (GS). The planned response variables for Study I were bypass weight % and potency of bypass. Response variables for Study II included mean granulation potency with % relative standard deviation (% RSD), granulation particle size, sieve cut potency % RSD, tablet potency with % RSD, compression force at 7 kP crushing strength, and friability of 7-kP tablets. A constraint on GW was determined in Study I by statistical analysis. Bypass and observations of ribbon splitting were minimized when GW was less than 2.6 mm. In Study II, granulation potency, granulation uniformity, and sieve cut uniformity were optimized when the SS was 0.8 mm. Higher RF during dry granulation produced better sieve cut uniformity and tablets with improved uniformity throughout the run, as measured by stratified tablet samples taken during compression and assayed for potency. The recommended optimum roller compaction and milling operating parameters that simultaneously met all constraints were RF = 9 kN, GW = 2.3 mm, SS = 0.8 mm, and GS = 50 rpm. These parameters became the operating parameter set points during a model confirmation trial. The results from the confirmation trial proved that the new roller compaction and milling conditions reduced the potential for segregation by minimizing the granulation potency variability as a function of particle size as expressed by sieve cut potency % RSD, and thus improved content uniformity of stratified tablet samples.     

粉体学性质对替米沙坦氨氯地平双层片制备的影响

目的考察粉体学性质对替米沙坦氨氯地平双层片制备的影响。方法选择苯磺酸氨氯地平、替米沙坦以固定剂量组成的复方制剂为研究对象。从粉体学角度考察了粒度分布、休止角、堆密度、固密度等对双层片剂可压性、流动性和成型性的影响。结果湿法制粒筛网目数对氨氯地平层颗粒粉体学参数影响显著,随着制粒目数增加,休止角明显减小,固密度和压缩度明显增大,含量均一性增加,片质量差异减小;粉末直接压片工艺与湿法40目筛制粒得到氨氯地平层的颗粒的粒度分布基本一致。结论替米沙坦氨氯地平双层片的制备中各层物料的粉体学性质会影响制剂的成型性和含量均一性。     

Process control in a high shear mixer‐granulator using wet mass consistency: The effect of formulation variables

This work investigates the relationships between the wet mass consistency/viscosity of samples prepared in a mixer‐granulator and physical properties of the dry granules produced from the wet mass; namely, size distribution, bulk density (Hausner ratio), friability, and flow avalanching behavior. The correlation between the consistency of the wet mass and the downstream dry granule properties confirms that consistency is the key parameter to control in wet granulation by mechanical agitation. Variations in the formulation affect the dimensionless power relationship of the mixer‐granulator considered; that is, the equivalence between wet mass consistency and mixer net power consumption, which is actually the parameter used to monitor the wet granulation process. The same variations in formulation also affect the relationships between wet mass consistency and dry granule properties.     

HPLC法测定麦角隐亭咖啡因片的溶出度和含量均匀度

目的:建立一种比比色法更简便、准确的方法(HPLC法)来测定洛斯宝片的溶出度和含量均匀度.方法:采用反相高效液相色谱法,用外标法测定洛斯宝片的溶出度和含量均匀度.用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂,以磷酸二氢铵-乙腈(用磷酸调节pH 2.0)=70:30为流动相,流速1.2 mL·min-1,于290 nm波长处检测,按外标法以峰面积计算其含量及每片的溶出量.结果溶出度的线性回归方程为:y=6 152x-2 743.7,r=0.999 9(n=5),平均回收率为100.6%,RSD为0.6%(n=9);含量均匀度的线性回归方程为:y=7 285.2x-334.65,r=1(n=5),平均回收率为98.5%,RSD为0.4%(n=9).结论:实验证明该法简便快捷,能准确地测定产品的溶出度和含量均匀度.     

粉末直接压片法制备多司马酯分散片

目的：采用粉末直接压片工艺制备多司马酯分散片。方法：以粉末流动性、片荆分散均匀性和溶出度为考察指标。筛选多司马酯分散片的处方及制备工艺。结果：所选处方粉末流动性较好，粉末直接压片法制得的多司马酯分散片溶出快于湿法制粒工艺制得的多司马酯分散片。结论：粉末直接压片工艺制得的分散片不仅溶出较湿法制粒更快，而且省去了湿法制粒工艺过程的烦琐操作。     

Influence of processing methods on physico-mechanical properties of Ibuprofen/HPC-SSL formulation

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of processing methods on the physical and mechanical properties of formulations containing Ibuprofen and HPC-SSL. The powder blends, containing Ibuprofen and HPC-SSL in ratio of 9:0.5, were processed using melt granulation (MG) by hot melt extrusion (HME) and wet granulation (WG) by high shear mixer. Formulated granules and powder blends were compressed into round flat faced tablets using Riva Piccola tablet press. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) studies proved that granulation process did not significantly alter the crystallinity of Ibuprofen, however, particle density and flow properties were significantly improved. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle size analysis corroborate with the findings that the flow characteristics of granules from MG were relatively superior to other formulations. Formulations were investigated for out-of-die compaction behaviour using Heckel, Kawakita, and CTC profile analysis. Detailed examination revealed that all three formulations differed in particle size due to the granulation, thus conferring to different compaction behaviour. In WG and MG, granulation offered an increase in particle size resulting in high compressibility along with deformation at low compression pressure. This results into low yield pressure, low yield strength, and higher densification, as compared with dry blend. The current work provides an insight into factors affecting physical and mechanical properties tablets, which can facilitate the rational selection of suitable change in processing method instead of changing excipients.     

Studies on controlled release dimenhydrinate from matrix tablet formulations

In this study, controlled release dosage forms of dimenhydrinate were prepared with different polymers as MC, HEC, Carbopol 934, Eudragit RLPM and Eudragit NE 30 D at different concentrations (2.5-10%). Direct compression (DC) and wet granulation (WG) techniques were used to prepare the tablets. Magnesium stearate was the lubricant while starch gel was the binder. For the quality control of tablets prepared according to 11 different formulations, weight deviation, hardness, friability, diameter-height ratio, content uniformity of the active substance and in vitro dissolution techniques were performed. Dissolution rate of these tablets was controlled by USP XXII dissolution method and the profile of each tablet was plotted and only for F 5 was evaluated kinetically.