1996年上海市小学生口腔保健知识知晓率问卷调查

１９９６年上海市小学生口腔保健知识知晓率问卷调查刘艳玲冯希平目前,越来越多的人已意识到健康教育与健康促进对口腔保健的重要意义,也已意识到口腔预防保健的重点人群是儿童少年,提倡在中小学生中进行口腔健康与营养教育．２０００年我国口腔卫生保健规划目标（试行...     

某医学院专科应届毕业生口腔卫生知识与口腔保健行为调查

目的了解临床医学专科毕业生口腔卫生知识与口腔保健行为的现状。方法问卷调查荆楚理工学院医学院202位应届口腔医学与临床医学专科毕业生的口腔卫生知识和口腔保健行为。结果2组专科应届毕业生口腔卫生常识得分均较高,差异无统计学意义,而口腔专业知识则临床医学专科学生的知晓率显著低于口腔医学专科学生（P〈0．01）,临床医学毕业生对各种口腔保健行为的执行情况均明显不如口腔医学毕业生。结论有必要加强临床医学专业学生口腔卫生专业知识与口腔保健行为的教育培训。     

高龄人群口腔卫生保健情况调查

目的：了解高龄老人口腔卫生保健状况.方法：对80岁以上老年人口腔卫生知识问卷调查.结果：具有口腔健康行为的人群,其口腔健康状况良好.结论：加强口腔卫生保健知识教育,养成良好口腔行为习惯,对促进老年人口腔健康很重要.     

口腔预防医学课程示范教学的探索——第四军医大学口腔医学院在汉中职业技术学院医学院举行口腔预防医学课程示范教学

随着我国医疗改革的发展，农村乡镇卫生院和城市社区卫生服务中心将成为我国人口医疗和保健的基层服务机构。最近国家卫生部计划拨出专款为我国农村乡镇卫生院和城市口腔卫生服务中心配备牙科设备，我国社区口腔卫生服务面临着发展机遇。我国各地职业技术院校和卫生学校中的大部分均设有牙科护理、口腔技工工艺、口腔设备管理、口腔医学等口腔医学专业，为我国培养了大量的口腔医疗和保健的初级人才。如何培养口腔医学初级人才社区口腔卫生服务能力，如何使口腔医学专业初级人员服务于基层，这些问题都是我国在培养和管理口腔医疗和保健初级人才方面急需解决的重要问题。     

口腔健康教育对改善中学生口腔卫生状况的效果评价

目的:评价口腔健康教育对改善中学生口腔卫生状况的效果。方法:从四川省德阳市随机抽取的2所学校中抽取218名学生,分为教育组和对照组。对教育组学生通过讲课的方式进行口腔健康知识宣传教育,同时要求教育组学生在老师的监督下认真刷牙;对照组不做任何干预措施。结果: 3个月后,教育组学生的口腔卫生指数(OHI)与对照组相比有明显改善(P<0. 05),牙龈指数(GI)也有明显下降(P<0. 05)。结论:增加青少年口腔保健的知识和行为对口腔健康状况的改善是行之有效的。     

2005年北京5岁人群口腔健康行为调查

目的 了解北京市5岁城乡儿童口腔健康行为,为北京市口腔卫生保健工作提供信息支持.方法 采用多阶段分层等容量随机抽样的方法,抽取北京市5岁城乡常住儿童共394名,男女各半,按照<第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案>设计的5岁儿童家长问卷,对受检儿童父母一对一进行现场问卷调查,了解儿童饮食行为,口腔卫生行为、利用口腔医疗行为,家长口腔保健知识知晓情况.结果 8%的儿童经常有睡前进食甜食的习     

世界口腔卫生保健的回顾和展望：口腔卫生保健面向美好的未来

世界口腔卫生保健的回顾和展望──口腔卫生保健面向美好的未来李刚，吴友农编译史俊南审校第四军医大学口腔医学院（７１００３２）世界卫生组织（ＷＨＯ）确定１９９４年４月７日世界卫生日以口腔卫生为主题，口号是＂健康的生活需要口腔卫生，，并确定１９９４年为口腔...     

2005年广东省5岁人群口腔健康行为抽样调查报告

目的 了解广东省5岁城乡人群口腔健康行为现状,为广东省口腔卫生保健工作提供信息支持.方法 用多阶段分层等容量随机抽样的方法,抽取广东省5岁城乡常住人口360人,男女各半,城乡各半,按照《第三次全国口腔健康流行病学问卷调查方案》设计的5岁儿童家长标准问卷,对受检儿童父母进行现场询问.了解儿童口腔饮食行为、口腔卫生行为、利用口腔医疗服务行为.结果 43.06%的儿童曾有睡前吃甜食的行为.多数儿童刷牙频率为每天1～2次. 76.14%的儿童超过2年以上没有看过牙, 84.00%看牙儿童是因牙齿有问题需要治疗.结论 广东省儿童口腔健康行为尚不完善,有必要加强父母的口腔健康教育,建立正确儿童口腔健康行为.     

北京三所小学口腔健康教育试点评价

北京三所小学口腔健康教育试点评价北京医科大学口腔医学院（１０００８１）张博学，魏怡口腔健康教育是口腔卫生保健工作的基础，学生是口腔卫生保健工作的重点人群，因此，要高度重视学生口腔健康教育，把学生口腔健康教育作为学校教育的重要内容及健康教育的有机组成部...     

中国口腔治疗师岗位任务分析和需求预测

卫生部、教育部颁发的《中国医学教育改革和发展纲要》中明确要求要积极发展医学相关类专业,发展医学高等职业教育,调整卫生技术队伍结构.我国口腔医学教育长期以来实行大学本科以上学历的口腔医师体系和中等职业教育的口腔助理医师、护士体系,岗位区分不很明确,层次结构不尽合理.一方面临床简单的治疗占用了大量高级人才,人力资源浪费严重;另一方面,可晋升为医师的口腔助理医师培养水平较低,缺乏介于医师和助理医师之间的处理大量医疗事宜的专门口腔医疗人才,无法满足居民口腔卫生保健的需要.口腔治疗师（therapist）或口腔卫生士（hygienist）系列在国际上已实施了半个世纪,这类专业人员已成为基层或社区口腔医务人员的主力.因此,为满足居民的口腔卫生保健需要,尽快建立口腔治疗师专业体系,制定口腔治疗师的培养规划是很重要的.     

Empowerment Through Mentorship and Leadership

Leadership is vital to future growth and change in the dental hygiene profession.Background and PurposeAs health care reform emerges, state practice acts expand and new models of dental hygiene practice are created and implemented, dental hygienists will assume leadership positions that may be quite different from the more traditional leadership roles they assume today. These dental hygienist leaders will envision, creatively design and implement oral health care programs to improve the oral health of the public. Mentoring, a vital component of leadership development, is critical for dental hygienists to acquire knowledge, guidance, and growth.MethodsThis paper provides a literature-supported overview of leadership and mentoring principles applicable to dental hygienists in their personal and professional lives. Opportunities for dental hygienists to assume leadership roles are also described.ConclusionsDental hygienists are poised to become leaders and vital members of the professional team promoting and integrating oral health care as a part of general health. Consequently, the dental hygienist's leadership roles are likely to expand and can be strengthened through mentoring relationships and mentoring teams. Ultimately, this can increase professional growth and career satisfaction for the dental hygienist as well as improve oral health care for the public.     

Equity, social determinants and public health programmes--the case of oral health

The WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health issued the 2008 report 'Closing the gap within a generation - health equity through action on the social determinants of health' in response to the widening gaps, within and between countries, in income levels, opportunities, life expectancy, health status, and access to health care. Most individuals and societies, irrespective of their philosophical and ideological stance, have limits as to how much unfairness is acceptable. In 2010, WHO published another important report on 'Equity, Social Determinants and Public Health Programmes', with the aim of translating knowledge into concrete, workable actions. Poor oral health was flagged as a severe public health problem. Oral disease and illness remain global problems and widening inequities in oral health status exist among different social groupings between and within countries. The good news is that means are available for breaking poverty and reduce if not eliminate social inequalities in oral health. Whether public health actions are initiated simply depends on the political will. The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (1986) and subsequent charters have emphasized the importance of policy for health, healthy environments, healthy lifestyles, and the need for orientation of health services towards health promotion and disease prevention. This report advocates that oral health for all can be promoted effectively by applying this philosophy and some major public health actions are outlined.     

Dental hygiene's interdisciplinary relationship with dental public health: a position paper

Dental hygienists' collaboration with social institutions, health-care workers and organisations, educational institutions, and dentistry can prevent oral diseases. Dental hygienists working in these organisations can reach an unprecedented number of people, thereby increasing preventive oral care to many undeserved. Working within a dental public health career increases choices and opportunities for the dental hygienist and benefits the public.     

The dental therapist movement in the United States: A critique of current trends

Dental therapists are members of the oral health workforce in over 50 countries in the world typically caring for children in publically funded school‐based programs. A movement has developed in the United States to introduce dental therapists to the oral health workforce in an attempt to improve access to care and to reduce disparities in oral health. This article critiques trends in the United States movement in the context of the history and success of dental therapists practicing internationally. While supporting the dental therapist movement, we challenge: a) the use of dental therapists treating adults, versus focusing on children; b) the use of dental therapists in the private versus the public/not‐for‐profit sector; and c) requirements that a dental therapist must also be credentialed as a dental hygienist.     

Global policy for improvement of oral health in the 21st century – implications to oral health research of World Health Assembly 2007, World Health Organization

Abstract – The World Health Organization (WHO) Global Oral Health Programme has worked hard over the past 5 years to increase the awareness of oral health worldwide as oral health is important component of general health and quality of life. Meanwhile, oral disease is still a major public health problem in high income countries and the burden of oral disease is growing in many low‐ and middle income countries. In the World Oral Health Report 2003, the WHO Global Oral Health Programme formulated the policies and necessary actions to the continuous improvement of oral health. The strategy is that oral disease prevention and the promotion of oral health needs to be integrated with chronic disease prevention and general health promotion as the risks to health are linked. The World Health Assembly (WHA) and the Executive Board (EB) are supreme governance bodies of WHO and for the first time in 25 years oral health was subject to discussion by those bodies in 2007. At the EB120 and WHA60, the Member States agreed on an action plan for oral health and integrated disease prevention, thereby confirming the approach of the Oral Health Programme. The policy forms the basis for future development or adjustment of oral health programmes at national level. Clinical and public health research has shown that a number of individual, professional and community preventive measures are effective in preventing most oral diseases. However, advances in oral health science have not yet benefited the poor and disadvantaged populations worldwide. The major challenges of the future will be to translate knowledge and experiences in oral disease prevention and health promotion into action programmes. The WHO Global Oral Health Programme invites the international oral health research community to engage further in research capacity building in developing countries, and in strengthening the work so that research is recognized as the foundation of oral heath policy at global level.     

风湿免疫疾病患者口腔健康状况调查分析

目的通过流行病学调查方法了解风湿免疫患者口腔健康状况,为风湿免疫患者口腔疾病的预防与治疗提供依据。方法对中国医科大学附属盛京医院风湿免疫科病房309例患者进行口腔专科检查,填写调查问卷,检查结果采用SPSS软件进行统计学分析。结果风湿免疫疾病患者口腔健康者不足4%,牙周炎患病率为91.9%,患龋率为67.2%。口腔卫生与性别、年龄、学历、口腔护理情况及吸烟显著相关;牙周病的发生与年龄、口腔护理、吸烟相关;患龋率高低与性别、年龄、吸烟相关。风湿免疫疾病中,牙周炎发病率最高的是骨关节炎、皮肌炎及类风湿性关节炎;舍格伦综合征患者患龋率最高。结论口腔健康水平可能与风湿免疫疾病相关,应从多角度分析风湿免疫疾病患者口腔健康不良原因,采取积极预防措施。     

Improving the oral health of older people: the approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Programme

The proportion of older people continues to grow worldwide, especially in developing countries. Non-communicable diseases are fast becoming the leading causes of disability and mortality, and in coming decades health and social policy-makers will face tremendous challenges posed by the rapidly changing burden of chronic diseases in old age. Chronic disease and most oral diseases share common risk factors. Globally, poor oral health amongst older people has been particularly evident in high levels of tooth loss, dental caries experience, and the prevalence rates of periodontal disease, xerostomia and oral precancer/cancer. The negative impact of poor oral conditions on the quality of life of older adults is an important public health issue, which must be addressed by policy-makers. The means for strengthening oral health programme implementation are available; the major challenge is therefore to translate knowledge into action programmes for the oral health of older people. The World Health Organization recommends that countries adopt certain strategies for improving the oral health of the elderly. National health authorities should develop policies and measurable goals and targets for oral health. National public health programmes should incorporate oral health promotion and disease prevention based on the common risk factors approach. Control of oral disease and illness in older adults should be strengthened through organization of affordable oral health services, which meet their needs. The needs for care are highest among disadvantaged, vulnerable groups in both developed and developing countries. In developing countries the challenges to provision of primary oral health care are particularly high because of a shortage of dental manpower. In developed countries reorientation of oral health services towards prevention should consider oral care needs of older people. Education and continuous training must ensure that oral health care providers have skills in and a profound understanding of the biomedical and psychosocial aspects of care for older people. Research for better oral health should not just focus on the biomedical and clinical aspects of oral health care; public health research needs to be strengthened particularly in developing countries. Operational research and efforts to translate science into practice are to be encouraged. WHO supports national capacity building in the oral health of older people through intercountry and interregional exchange of experiences.     

Accessibility to oral health care for people on social assistance: a survey of social service providers from Public Welfare Centers in Flanders

Objectives: The goals of the present study were as follows: (i) to explore the characteristics of the Flemish Public Centers for Social Welfare (PCSW) concerning oral health care; (ii) to explore possible barriers experienced by people on social assistance and oral health-care providers; and (iii) to explore the accessibility of general and oral health care for people on social assistance. Methods: The data of this cross-sectional study were obtained by a survey of social service providers working in a PCSW. For this purpose, a new questionnaire was developed. The survey was validated by means of a pilot study. All 306 PCSWs in Flanders were invited to participate in this survey, of which 192 (62.7%) responded. Results: The findings demonstrate that for people on social assistance, financial limitations and low prioritisation of oral health are the main barriers to good oral health care. The study reveals that such individuals experience greater financial barriers and poorer access to a dentist than to a general medical practitioner. The study also reveals that dentists report financial concerns and administrative burdens as the main barriers in treating this subgroup. The responses of PCSWs demonstrate that local dentists are reluctant to treat this subgroup. Conclusion: Additional efforts are needed to improve the accessibility of oral health care for people on social assistance. Recommended improvements at the organisational level could improve increased education to target the population on the importance of oral health care. Administrative burden and financial concerns of the providers also need to be addressed to decrease their reluctance to work with those on social assistance.Key words: Oral health care for people on social assistance, oral health care for asylum seekers, oral health care for undocumented immigrants     

The Central Massachusetts Oral Health Initiative (CMOHI): a successful public–private community health collaboration

Objectives: The Central Massachusetts Oral Health Initiative (CMOHI) aimed to improve access to quality oral health care in central Massachusetts. Methods: A broad‐based public and private organization partnership with local and national funding created a steering committee to organize school administrators, community leaders, and a medical school to collaborate on five goals: advocate for changes in oral health policy, increase oral health care access, provide school‐based dental services for underserved children, establish a Dental General Practice Residency, and educate medical professionals about oral health. Results: A state legislative Oral Health Caucus helped secure sought‐after policy improvements; more regional dentists now accept Medicaid; community health center capacity to provide dental services was expanded; school‐based programs were designed and delivered needed dental services; a dental residency was created; and methods of educating medical professionals were established. Conclusions: Significant sustainable gains in oral health care access were created through our multifaceted approach, ongoing evaluation and communication, coordination of CMOHI partner resources, and collaboration with other involved parties.     

Integration of oral health into primary health care: the role of dental hygienists and the WHO stewardship

Abstract:  Interest in addressing the unmet oral health needs of the citizens of the world has manifested itself, lately, in noteworthy expressions of commitment. Oral health is integrated with general health and support for community programmes offering 'essential oral health' within primary health care (PHC) is increasing. The WHO Global Goals for Oral Health 2020 has assumed a more directed public health orientation, and the Global Oral Health Programme has its focus on modifiable oral risk behaviours. Last, but not the least, opportunities are being created, under the 'stewardship' of the World Health Organization (WHO), for the expansion of oral disease prevention and health promotion knowledge and practices in communities. A review of the literature on community-oriented oral health primary care reveals one dominant and disease-oriented practice model with dental practitioners being the principal and exclusive actors. One alternative to this biomedical model of care that may be better suited to translate health promotion principles into action at community levels is the practice that involves hygienists serving as primary oral health care providers. The WHO 'stewardship' should include the support of dental hygiene practice within PHC, many legislative restrictions and regulatory barriers would be relaxed, thus enabling dental hygienists to respond to the WHO's call for community-based demonstration projects. With their focus on preventive oral care, hygienists are 'best poised' to help accelerate the integration of oral health with primary care, particularly in the light of the compelling evidence confirming the cost-effectiveness of the care delivered by intermediate providers.