肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的诊治分析

目的 总结肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤( hepatic angiomyolipoma,HAML)的临床、影像及病理特点,提高对HAML的诊治水平. 方法 收集新疆医科大学附属肿瘤医院3例经手术切除和术后病理确诊的HAML患者,结合相关文献,分析肝HAML的临床表现、典型影像及病理学特点.结果 1例术前确诊,另2例误诊为肝脏其他肿瘤.3例术后随访32～39月,均未见肿瘤复发及转移.临床上,HAML与其他肝良性肿瘤相比无特异性.因3种组织比例差异,影像学表现呈现多样性,在众多影像检查中以CT诊断率最高.常规病理检查加免疫组化可确诊及分型,其中免疫组化标记HMB-45阳性具有重要诊断意义. 结论 HAML是一种少见的肝脏良性肿瘤,术前诊断率低,但只要掌握其影像特点,结合临床病史及实验室检查,术前确诊已成为可能.积极手术治疗,预后良好.     

肝脏原发性神经内分泌肿瘤研究进展

肝脏原发性神经内分泌肿瘤(primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumors,PHNETs)是一组极其罕见、分化良好的低度恶性肿瘤,其临床特征、实验室检查与影像学结果等缺乏特异性表现.因此,需要在病理诊断的基础上排除其他部位神经内分泌肿瘤肝转移的情况,才能确诊该疾病.目前,PHNETs主要采用以...     

恶性淋巴瘤误诊结核病的临床和病理分析

目的探讨结核病与淋巴瘤的临床病理特征及误诊原因。方法回顾分析1990~2006年42例确诊恶性淋巴瘤的临床特征、影像学特点、病理特征、诊断和治疗。结果其临床特征无特异性,其影像学特点是肿块结节样病变14例,弥漫性病变7例,肺门增大21例,胸腔积液18例。结论因二者临床表现和影像学特点相似,相互间容易误诊,确诊取决于病理结果和免疫组织化学。     

肺透明细胞癌1例并文献复习

目的 分析肺透明细胞癌的临床特征、影像学表现及病理诊断要点.方法 报告1例经肺活检病理确诊的肺透明细胞癌病例,并结合文献资料对该病的临床特征、影像学表现及病理诊断要点进行分析.结果 本例患者为女性,45岁,以反复咳嗽2个月为首发症状,胸部CT示两肺多发结节灶合并肺门及纵隔淋巴结肿大,胸腔镜下肺活检病理确诊为原发性肺透明细胞癌.近20年国内外文献报道肺透明细胞癌病例仅27例,其中男性18例,女性9例,平均年龄(55±11)岁.临床表现主要为咳嗽(16/27)、胸痛(12/27)、咯血(10/27).影像学表现以周围型单发结节或团块影多见(22/27),病灶直径0.5～11 cm.该病罕见,属大细胞癌的变异型;确诊多依赖开胸肺组织病理活检,免疫组织化学染色有助于鉴别.结论 肺透明细胞癌的临床表现无特异性;影像学表现以肺部单发结节或团块影多见,亦可为两肺多发和弥漫型;确诊依赖肺组织病理活检,免疫组织化学染色有助于鉴别.     

10例肺隐球菌病的临床分析

摘要：目的 总结分析10例原发性肺隐球菌病患者的临床特点,提高对肺隐球菌病的诊治水平。方法 分析广东省佛山市第四人民医院2006-2010年间10例原发性肺隐球菌病患者的临床、影像学表现、实验室检查、病理及确诊方法、疗效等。 结果 （1）10例原发性肺隐球菌病,有基础疾病者5例,有临床症状者8例,主要表现为咳嗽、发热、咯血,影像学表现不典型,呈多样性,7例经皮肺穿刺病理检查确诊,3例经手术病理确诊。（2）治疗采用氟康唑治疗。3例行手术切除后口服氟康唑,另7例均行氟康唑治疗,治愈7例,好转2例,疗程6～12个月不等。结论 原发性肺隐球菌病临床和影像学表现不典型,呈多样性,应积极行肺活检以明确诊断,肺隐球菌病单用氟康唑抗真菌治疗效果良好。     

原发性肝脏血管肉瘤的影像学表现

原发性肝脏血管肉瘤是肝脏恶性间叶源性肿瘤中最常见的类型,临床症状及实验室检查缺乏特异性,术前常不能确诊.现对我院经病理证实的9例原发性肝脏血管肉瘤的影像学资料进行回顾性分析研究,旨在增加对该病的认识,提高对其影像诊断及鉴别诊断水平.     

肺隐球菌病17例临床分析

目的 提高对肺隐球菌病的临床诊疗水平.方法 回顾分析上海瑞金医院2009年1月至2011年10月收治的17例肺隐球菌病病例的临床资料,对其临床特点、影像学表现、实验室检查、治疗方法进行综合分析.结果 本组肺隐球菌病患者中,有临床症状者14例,主要表现为咳嗽、咳痰、发热、胸痛、气急.其余3例体检发现.影像学主要表现为肿块结节型或片状渗出影.所有患者血清乳胶凝集试验均为阳性.17例患者均经病理确诊为肺隐球菌病,其中14例经CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检证实.所有患者均接受抗真菌治疗,疗程2至6月,15例患者治愈或显效.结论 肺隐球菌病临床表现缺乏特异性,血清乳胶凝集试验对本病的诊断价值较高.本病确诊依靠病理,同时应优先考虑CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检获得病理组织.药物治疗需要足够疗程.     

胰腺癌多层螺旋CT征象与临床病理特征的关系

目的探讨胰腺癌多层螺旋CT(MSCT)影像学征象及其与临床病理特征的关系。方法术前经过MSCT增强扫描且经病理切片确诊的原发性胰腺导管细胞癌患者80例。根据CT征象对癌患者进行胰周血管受累分级和周围组织侵犯情况评价,并分析MSCT征象表现的胰周血管受累分级、周围组织侵犯与肿瘤部位、肝脏转移、淋巴结转移、微血管密度、病理分型、美国癌症联合委员会(AJCC)分期、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、抗链糖原(CA)19-9、基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-2的关系。结果胰腺癌胰周血管受累与微血管密度、AJCC分期、VEGF、CA19-9、MMP-2有关(P<0.05),与肿瘤部位、肝脏转移、淋巴结转移、病理分型无关;胰腺癌周围组织侵犯与血管密度、肝脏转移、淋巴结转移、AJCC分期、VEGF、CA19-9、MMP-2有关(P<0.05),与肿瘤部位、肝脏和淋巴以外的转移、病理分型无关。结论胰腺癌多层螺旋CT影像学征象表现与临床病理特征有密切关系,有助于胰腺癌的临床诊疗和预后判断。     

7例原发性肝脏神经内分泌癌患者的影像学特征分析

目的探讨原发性肝脏神经内分泌癌的影像学特征。方法回顾性分析我院2009年5月—2016年12月经病理确诊的7例原发性肝脏神经内分泌癌患者的临床及影像学资料。结果 7例原发性肝脏神经内分泌癌患者中男5例,女2例,年龄30~65岁,平均年龄45.6岁,其中1例行CT平扫及增强扫描,6例行CT平扫及MRI增强扫描。7例患者共9个病灶,多发神经内分泌癌2例,均有2个病灶,其中1例合并布加综合征,1例伴发肝细胞肝癌。血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron-specific enolase,NSE)阳性4例,癌胚抗原及糖类抗原19-9阳性2例,AFP均阴性。其影像学特征性表现包括病灶呈"快进快出"5例,病灶内可见多发偏中心囊性变区6例,延迟期可见包膜4例,粗大肿瘤血管4例,引流静脉显影4例,所有病例均未见门静脉癌栓、淋巴结转移及胆管扩张征象。结论神经内分泌癌的影像学表现具有一定的特征性,无明确肝病史的肝脏富血供占位、病灶内含有单发或多发的偏中心性囊变区、肿瘤表面粗大肿瘤血管与引流静脉的出现,结合血清AFP阴性及NSE的升高,放射科医师应考虑到原发性肝脏神经内分泌癌的可能性,确诊仍需要活检取得病理组织学证据。     

肝脏少见良性占位性病变45例

目的:探讨肝少见肝脏良性占位病变的临床特点,提高对肝脏少见良性占位性病变的认识及临床确诊率.方法:回顾性分析45例经病理证实的肝脏少见良性占位性病变临床资料,分析B超、CT和MR对肝少见良性占位的检出率和正确诊断率差异,同时分析≤45岁、46-65岁、>65岁肝脏少见良性占位症状与年龄特征及性别等参数的关系,为正确治疗肝脏少见良性占位提供临床经验.结果:B超、CT和MR对肝脏少见占位的检出率均为100%,但是B超、CT和MR的诊断率分别为60.5%、65.7%和42.2%,伴随肝硬化几乎100%误诊为肝癌.肝脏少见良性占位临床症状多为伴发疾病所致症状,≥46岁和男性患者患肝脏少见良性占位高于≤45岁和女性患者.结论:肝脏少见良性占位缺乏临床特征,往往因伴发病而误诊,使用多种影像学检查可提高诊断率.≥45岁和男性是否是肝脏少见良性占位疾病的发病因素,有待进一步研究.     

Primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma:clinical analysis of 11 cases

BACKGROUND:Primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma (PHNEC) is extremely rare,and fewer than 300 cases have been reported in the English/Chinese-language literature,therefore it is difficult to make a proper diagnosis and determine a therapeutic approach.METHODS:Eleven PHNEC patients were admitted to our hospital between January 1996 and May 2008.Laboratory examination,digestive endoscopy,B-ultrasonography,CT,MRI,or PET-CT were performed on the patients for preoperative diagnosis.All patients received liver...     

肺隐球菌病并发纵隔淋巴结结核误诊一例——病例报告及文献复习

肺隐球菌病是一种吸入隐球菌孢子而引起的肺急性、亚急性或慢性真菌病,易播散至中枢神经系统而导致隐球菌性脑膜炎,病死率和致残率高。近年肺隐球菌病的发病率呈增长趋势。肺隐球菌病的临床症状及体征、肺部影像学及实验室检查均缺乏特异性,因此极易漏诊、误诊。河北省胸科医院病理科近期会诊一例肺隐球菌病并发纵隔淋巴结结核患者,曾在外院就诊时经影像学及临床检查误诊为肺癌,术后病理误诊为肺结核,经我院会诊其病理切片及进行辅助检查(特殊染色、结核分枝杆菌核酸检测)后最终明确诊断。现结合相关文献回顾性分析其临床、影像及病理特点,以期提高其诊断水平,避免误诊误治。     

Clinical features and outcomes of primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinomas

Background and Aim: Primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (PHNECs) are extremely rare, with only about 150 cases having been reported in the English‐language literature. Because of the rarity of PHNECs, its clinical features and treatment outcomes are not well understood. Here, we report our experiences with PHNECs. Methods: We identified patients diagnosed with PHNEC and analyzed their demographics, baseline laboratory data, tumor characteristics, treatment modalities and outcomes. Results: A total of 218 consecutive patients were identified with pathologically confirmed neuroendocrine carcinoma. Of these, 12 patients were diagnosed with PHNECs; the median age was 66.5 years (range, 37 to 80 years), and seven patients (58.3%) were male. Two patients who each had a single hepatic mass underwent curative surgical resection. One patient who was of inoperable status at the initial diagnosis because of multiple intrahepatic metastases showed a partial response after the ninth round of systemic chemotherapy and then underwent surgical resection. The median overall survival in the 12 patients was 16.5 months (range, 0.7 to 41.7 months). Three patients who underwent surgical treatment are alive without recurrence for 15.2 months, 18.0 months, and 36.9 months, respectively. Conclusions: Primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma should be considered as a possible differential diagnosis in the management of hepatic tumors. The liver can be the primary origin of neuroendocrine tumors, and if the tumors are diagnosed as primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumors, surgical resection must be considered for curative treatment.     

Evaluation and comparison of the clinical, surgical and pathological TNM staging of colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of our study was to compare the results of clinical, surgical and pathological staging of colorectal cancer. METHODOLOGY: 660 patients with colorectal carcinoma were included in the study. The results of the clinical, surgical and pathological staging were compared. RESULTS: Clinical T values were identical with the surgical in 75.15%, and with the pathological in 74.54% respectively. Surgical T values were identical with the clinical in 78.48%. In 67.27% of the cases the clinical evaluation of N value was identical with the surgical one. Clinical evaluation was identical with the pathological result in 60.60% of the cases. Surgical diagnosis of the lymph node metastasis matched the pathological finding in 76.66%. Regarding the M value, the coincidence of the diagnoses was as follows: clinical versus pathological 72.72%, surgical versus pathological 90.90%. Clinical and surgical TNM stages were by 79.09% in accordance. By decision of total TNM stage the clinical-pathological staging showed worse (76.06%), while surgical-pathological showed significantly better (88.48%) matching. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our results we can state that in a quarter of all colorectal cancer cases the extent of the primary tumor could not have been established correctly. The lymph node involvement was well defined in just over half of the cases only. The M values were accurately stated in about three quarters of the cases. High grade of conformity of clinical, surgical and pathological staging can result in better treatment-planning, short- and long-term survival, and higher quality of life.     

Gilbert综合征9例

目的:总结Gilbert综合征的临床特点及肝组织改变情况,提高临床医师对该疾病的认识,掌握该病的诊断及治疗.方法:2007-2011年我科住院的9例患者,排除其他慢性肝病导致肝功异常,经饥饿实验、苯巴比妥试验及肝组织病理检查明确诊断为Gilbert综合征,对其年龄、性别、症状、体征、实验室检查结果(血尿常规、肝功、肝炎病毒标志物)、肝胆脾彩超及肝组织病理结果等进行整理分析.结果:Gilbert综合征患者多于青少年期发病(本研究中占77.8%),男性多于女性.患者多无临床症状及异常体征,血清胆红素水平大多波动于50?mol/L以下,且肝组织病理改变轻微,无慢性肝炎及肝纤维化改变.结论:Gilbert综合征症状及肝组织病理改变轻微,不导致慢性肝炎及肝纤维化,无需治疗,不影响患者寿命.加强对该病的认识,给予正确的诊断,可以减少患者不必要的检查及治疗,减轻患者的心理及经济负担.     

后循环梗死的临床表现与磁共振成像的关系

目的探讨后循环梗死(POCI)的临床表现与磁共振成像(MRI)的关系。方法对117例经MRI证实的POCI患者的临床资料进行回顾性研究，根据临床表现将患者分为单病灶临床表现、多病灶临床表现和不能定位临床表现；根据MRI的检查结果，将POCI病灶分为单病灶病变、多病灶病变。结合MRI检查，分析POCI患者的临床表现，了解POCI的临床特点。结果117例患者中，有27例临床明确诊断为单一病灶。其中临床诊断为枕叶病变者8例，MRI结果显示枕叶病变者6例；小脑6例，MRI证实者4例；中脑1例，延髓7例，脑桥5例，病灶在后3个部位的临床诊断与MRI的结果完全相符。117例患者中，临床诊断为多病灶病变者38例，其中36例MRI显示为多病灶。117例患者中，24例伴有嗜睡或昏迷等意识障碍的临床表现，MRI显示其中22例为多病灶。结论POCI的临床表现复杂多样，但特征性的临床表现对诊断POCI的帮助较大。与枕叶、丘脑及小脑相比，中脑、脑桥及延髓局部损伤的临床表现与MRI的检查结果相符性更好。     

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??Abstract??Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias(IIPs)are a group of interstitial lung disease with unknown causes and its classification experienced a gradually evolving process.In addition to describing new clinical histologic entities,the methods of classification move from the simply pathological patterns to the clinical algorithm based on observed disease behavior,the diagnostic criteria gradually switch from purely pathological diagnosis to the clinical,pathological and radiologic multidisciplinary discussion.This evolution reflects our deepening understanding of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias.     

老年人升主动脉夹层五例临床与病理分析

目的 探讨老年人升主动脉夹层的临床表现与病理特点及其相互关系，并对该病的病因及发病机制进行简略探讨。方法 分析5例老年人升主动脉夹层病例尸检切片，对其临床表现、病理特点、组织化学及免疫组织化学检测状况进行分析。结果 老年人升主动脉夹层临床表现复杂多样。病理特点为夹层壁内平滑肌细胞明显退行性变，弹力纤维减少或断裂，胶原纤维增生等改变。结论 升主动脉夹层是一种严重威胁老年人生命的急性血管疾病。诊断该病时要根据临床特点并配合MRI等辅助检查综合考虑。     

Long-term follow-up results in nonoperated patients with intrahepatic and predominant intrahepatic type of hepatolithiasis

In order to clarify therapeutic principles of hepatolithiasis associated with a variety of pathological conditions, we studied follow-up results in a term of 5 years after diagnosis in 29 nonoperated patients with intrahepatic gallstones. The patients including 14 males and 15 females underwent direct cholangiography for making diagnosis of the disease consisting of the intrahepatic type (I) and the predominant intrahepatic (IE). Out of the patients, 21 had good results in the follow-up and no one died from the disease or cholangiocarcinoma incidentally occurred. The follow-up results were closely related with the distribution and the location of gallstones in the liver and the grade of severity in clinical symptoms at the diagnosis. The unilateral lober type of the stone distribution had better follow-up results than the bilateral (P less than 0.01), and the peripheral intrahepatic bile duct type of the stone location did better follow-up results than the major (P less than 0.01). The pathological state of mild clinical symptoms showed better follow-up results than that of severe ones (P less than 0.05). The removal of coexisted extrahepatic bile duct stones by endoscopic papillotomy was effective for improving clinical symptoms. The conservative treatment in hepatolithiasis with the type I or IE was generally good in the follow-up results. The follow-up results were various, depending on the pathological conditions at the diagnosis. Accordingly, the treatment of hepatolithiasis must be selected in consideration of pathological conditions.     

肺曲菌病23例临床病理分析

目的探讨分析肺曲菌病的临床及病理学特征。方法对23例经手术切除、病理检查确诊肺曲菌病病例的临床、病理学特征进行分析研究。结果肺曲菌病在临床、影像学上表现多样,病理学改变以坏死性炎症为主,可伴发支扩、空洞形成等特征;镜下见特征性曲菌菌丝,也可形成Splendore-Hoeppli现象。结论肺曲菌病临床表现无明显特异性,易误诊误治,经病理学检查和病原体培养可明确诊断。