24h视频脑电图监测在发作性疾病中的应用

目的探讨24h视频脑电图(Video-EEG)对癫疒间的诊断及鉴别诊断价值。方法 158例常规脑电图(EEG)无疒间样放电患者分为临床癫疒间组和可疑癫疒间组进行24hVideo-EEG监测并分析结果。结果临床癫疒间组疒间样放电总发生率60.0%,可疑癫疒间组总发生率15.1%,疒间样放电多出现于非快速眼动睡眠期。结论 Video-EEG可提高癫疒间样放电的阳性率,对癫疒间和非癫疒间发作的诊断与鉴别诊断有重要价值。     

睡眠性癫癎患者动态脑电图的研究

目的探讨睡眠性癫疒间患者的24h动态脑电图(AEEG)的表现及其诊断价值。方法对91例仅于睡眠中发作癫疒间的患者进行AEEG检查,并对检查结果进行分析。结果AEEG发现疒间性放电71例(78.0%),其中4例出现于清醒状态,41例出现于睡眠状态,26例清醒和睡眠时均有放电;在67例睡眠时有疒间性放电的患者中,34例仅出现在浅睡期,33例整个睡眠中均出现疒间性放电。清醒时有癫疒间波的患者癫疒间发作频率明显高于无异常放电患者和仅睡眠时有疒间性放电的患者(均P<0.05)。结论睡眠中癫疒间发作患者于睡眠中疒间性放电出现率明显高于白天清醒时。AEEG容易发现睡眠性癫疒间患者的发作期和发作间歇期以及自然睡眠状态下的疒间样波。     

动态脑电图在癫痫诊断及鉴别诊断中的价值

目的研究24 h动态脑电图(AEEG)在癫(疒间)的诊断及鉴别诊断中的价值.方法对761例临床拟诊为癫(疒间)及1327例可疑癫(疒间)患者的AEEG资料进行回顾性分析.结果两组AEEG与常规脑电图检查(疒间)样放电检出率比较差异有极显著性(均P＜0.005).230例患者通过AEEG监测证实为癫(疒间)发作.93例患者AEEG监测后发作类型得到了修正.结论 AEEG有助于癫(疒间)的诊断及鉴别诊断.     

动态脑电图在癫(疒间)诊断及鉴别诊断中的价值

目的研究24 h动态脑电图(AEEG)在癫(疒间)的诊断及鉴别诊断中的价值.方法对761例临床拟诊为癫(疒间)及1327例可疑癫(疒间)患者的AEEG资料进行回顾性分析.结果两组AEEG与常规脑电图检查(疒间)样放电检出率比较差异有极显著性(均P＜0.005).230例患者通过AEEG监测证实为癫(疒间)发作.93例患者AEEG监测后发作类型得到了修正.结论 AEEG有助于癫(疒间)的诊断及鉴别诊断.     

动态脑电图监测对癫痫诊断和鉴别癫痫的意义

目的 探讨24小时动态脑电图（AEEG）对癫痫诊断和鉴别诊断的意义。方法 对235例临床诊断为癫痫及121例非癫痫性发作性疾病患者的AEEG资料进行回顾性分析。结果 癫痫组中AEEG与EEG的异常及癫样放电检出率均有非常显著性差异（P＜0．001）。癫痫组与非癫痫组之间AEEG异常率和痫样放电检出率均有显著性差异（P＜0．05）。AEEG描记中睡眠期痫样放电检出率比清醒期增加15．6％,且57．8％出现在非快速眼球运动睡眠（NREM）Ⅰ～Ⅱ期。结论 AEEG对癫痫诊断、鉴别诊断和指导治疗有重要作用。     

剥夺睡眠脑电图在癫诊断中的应用

目的 分析睡眠脑电图(EEG)在癫诊断中的价值及适应证.方法 对200例癫病人的睡眠及清醒脑电图进行研究.结果 脑电图有异常爆发活动(PA)者80例,PA只在睡眠中出现者30例,样放电检出率由清醒的25%提高到睡眠的40%.结论 睡眠脑电图对提高样放电的检出率和进一步明确癫发作类型有重要意义.     

睡眠脑电图在小儿癫癎中的诊断价值

目的 探讨睡眠EEG对癫癎的诊断价值、优点及诊断中的注意事项。方法 分析应用日本光电4418型EEG仪监测136例癫癎患者睡眠EEG。结果 正常28例(20.6％),非特异性异常12例(8.8％),癎样放电96例(70.6％)。结论睡眠EEG可反映睡眠结构和异常放电的发作情况;同时EEG可观察临床发作的全过程及发作时EEG的演变过程,能更明确局限性癫癎的诊断及定位,也可为全身性发作者寻找致癎灶。     

视频脑电图对儿童非癫痫发作的诊断意义

目的 探讨儿童非癫(疒间)发作(non-epileptic seizures ,NES)的临床特征及视频脑电图(Video-EEG, V-EEG)对其诊断的意义.方法 采用北京太阳公司SOLAR2000B床旁监护仪,对2006-06～2009-06,经V-EEG监测后诊断为NES患儿26例进行分析.结果 本组V-EEG正常19例(73.1%),异常7例(26.9%).其中轻度异常4例,中度异常1例,发作间歇期(疒间)样波2例.发作频率:1次者16例,2次4例,3次以上6例.发作时相:清醒期发作23例(88.5%),睡眠期发作1例,清醒期、睡眠期均有发作2例.结论 V-EEG对NES的诊断和鉴别诊断均优于常规脑电图(REEG)和动态脑电图(AEEG),对诊断NES提供了客观的科学依据,是诊断癫(疒间),明确癫(疒间)发作分类,鉴别癫(疒间)与儿童NES的最有效检查方法.被认为是儿童NES诊断的金标准.     

磁共振质子波谱分析对颞叶癫(癇)定侧的研究

目的探讨在磁共振质子波谱分析(1HMRS)对颞叶癫疒间的定侧作用及其影响因素。方法用1.5T场强的MR成像系统1HMRS,对40例不同病程的颞叶癫疒间患者和20名正常对照者分别进行双颞叶内侧N乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱(Cho)、肌酸(Cr)浓度测定,根据颞叶癫疒间患者两侧NAA/(Cho Cr)值进行定侧。结果NAA/(Cho Cr)值正常对照组为0.58±0.09,癫疒间组病灶侧为0.45±0.12,病灶对侧为0.51±0.10,癫疒间组两侧显著小于正常对照组(均P<0.05);24例患者1HMRS癫疒间灶定侧与EEG一致,符合率63%;病灶侧内、中、外各亚区NAA/(Cho Cr)值较正常对照组低,差异有显著性(均P<0.05);病灶侧NAA/(Cho Cr)值下降程度与单或双侧NAA/(Cho Cr)值下降及发作频率无关(P>0.05);双侧NAA/(Cho Cr)值异常者两侧EEG异常率高于单侧异常者(P<0.05);病灶侧NAA/(Cho Cr)值与病程呈负相关(r=-0.361,P<0.05)。结论癫疒间患者脑代谢异常弥散;1HMRS在颞叶癫疒间有定侧作用;NAA/(Cho Cr)值与病程呈负相关。     

312例动态脑电图与常规脑电图对比分析

方法:312例患者分成3组:A组症状性癫(疒间)28例,B组原发性癫(疒间)234例,C组发作性症状50例。作AEEG与REEG对比分析。结果:A组(疒间)样放电,局灶性异常率AEEG分别为67.68%,78.57%高于REEG28.57%,39.29%。B组(疒间)样放电,局灶异常AEEG分别为67.52%,64.96%也明显高于REEG29.06%,35.47%。C组局灶异常AEEG36%高于REEG16%。在AEEG监测过程中,10例有临床发作。B组158例AEEG有(疒间)样放电,122例(65.59%)出现于睡眠中,其中114例次(93.44%)在NREM Ⅰ,Ⅱ期。结论:AEEG能提高癫(疒间)确诊率。     

Value of long-term electroencephalogram in diagnosing epilepsy

BACKGROUND: Routine electroencephalogram (EEG) usually cannot accurately reflect the discharge of epileptic patients due to the short examination, and long-term EEG can make up the shortcoming. OBJECTIVE: To comparatively analyze the long-term EEG of epileptic and non-epileptic patients, and investigate the values of long-term EEG in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of epilepsy. DESIGN: A case-controlled study. SETTING: Ningjin County People's Hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Totally 122 patients with epilepsy (epilepsy group) were selected from the EEG room of Ningjin County People's Hospital from January 2000 to December 2006, including 76 males and 44 females, 7 months to 78 years of age, the disease course ranged from 7 days to 7.5 years, and they all according with the standards for epilepsy set by the International Association for Epilepsy in 1997. Meanwhile, 118 patients with non-epileptic paroxysmal diseases were selected as the control group, including 71 males and 47 females, 2.5–87 years of age, the disease course ranged from 3 days to 7.5 years. Informed contents were obtained from all the subjects. METHODS: OXFORD GATE WAY 2000 16-lead portable EEG recorder was used for 24-hour electroencephalographic procedure. The patients could move normally during the monitoring, their activities, sleeping conditions, time and manifestations of seizures were recorded in details. In the next day, EEG at wake was recorded for 10 minutes, followed by 3-minute hyperventilation and open/close eye induction test, the phases of non-rapid eye movement (Ⅰ–Ⅳ) and rapid eye movement were performed using EEG at sleep according to the international EEG standard. The abnormal rates of EEG epileptic discharge at wake and sleep at different sites were calculated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Abnormal rate of long-term EEG at wake and sleep in both groups; Epileptic discharge at different sleeping phases in both groups; Abnormal rates of EEG epileptic discharge at wake and sleep at different sites in the epilepsy group. RESULTS: All the 122 patients with epilepsy and 118 patients with paroxysmal diseases were involved in the final analysis of results. ① Comparison of abnormal rate of long-term EEG at wake and sleep: In the epilepsy group, the abnormal rate of EEG at wake was obviously lower than that at sleep (68%, 91%, P < 0.01). In the control group, the abnormal rate of EEG at wake and sleep had no obvious difference (P > 0.05). ② Results of epileptic discharge at different sleeping phases: In the epilepsy group, the epileptic discharge occurred at Ⅰ–Ⅱ phases of sleep cycle in 88.1%, and at Ⅲ–Ⅳ in 11.9%; In the control group, the epileptic discharge occurred at Ⅰ–Ⅱ phases of sleep cycle in 91.7%, and at Ⅲ–Ⅳ phases in 8.3% (1/12). ③ Comparison of the abnormal rates of EEG epileptic discharge at wake and sleep at different sites in the epilepsy group: The abnormal rates of epileptic discharge at frontal lobe and temporal lobe at sleep were obviously higher than those at wake (21.3%, 24.6%; 10.7%, 11.7%, P < 0.01), while there were no obvious differences at wake and sleep at occipital lobe, parietal lobe (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Long-term EEG has great importance in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of epilepsy, especially that it increases the detective rate of discharge by several cycles of sleep derivation. This method also provides important reference for the allocation of epileptic focus.     

动态脑电图对癫痫诊断和鉴别诊断的探讨

目的：了解动态脑电图对癫痫诊断和鉴别诊断的意义。方法：用MB8000型8导激光动态脑电图记录仪对145例诊断为癫痫,可疑癫痫病人进行24h动态脑电图检查。结果：总异常率为524％,癫痫组异常62．4％,癫痫样放电出现率58．1％。可疑癫痫组异常34．6％,痫样放电出现率25.0%,两级之间有非常显著性差异（P＜0.001）。癫痫组与可疑癫痫组临床发作中所描记到的痫样放电出现率亦有非常显著性差异（P＜0.001）。痫样放电时间以睡眠期为主,占83、3%。结论：本文着重分析讨论了动态脑电图睡眠期的意义及对伪迹鉴别的体会,24h脑电图对癫痫的诊断和鉴别诊断明显优于常规脑电图,有着重要的临床意义。     

额叶癫痫患者动态脑电图与过度换气脑电图放电规律探讨

目的 了解动态脑电图(AEEG)中睡眠中放电与过度换气脑电图(EEG)的放电规律.方法 评估65例额叶癫痫患者AEEG与过度换气EEG的痫性放电特点.结果 过度换气中发现痫性放电率明显低于AEEG中浅睡眠期(非快速眼动相1,2期)EEG,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而与AEEG中清醒期和深睡眠期(非快速眼动相3,4期)比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 额叶癫痫患者AEEG中浅睡眠期痫性放电率明显高于过度换气EEG,对额叶癫痫患者进行睡眠AEEG检测,有助于提高痫性放电的诊断率.     

禁睡加睡眠脑电图

本组对６５例临床诊断癫痫而脑电图正常或界限异常的患者行禁睡加睡眠脑电图检查。其癫痫波出现率为７８．４％。禁睡活化率与发作类型、年龄、病程有关，而与发作频率、治疗与否无关。禁睡后清醒和禁睡后睡眠脑电图活化率比较有极显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．００１）。对照组１５例，均系正常脑电图，无１例出现痫性放电。癫痫患者虽经其他诱发试验，仍有３４％患者为正常脑电图，而行此法检查，痫性波活化率较高，以强直－阵挛性发作者尤高（活化率８３．８％）。因此我们认为此法简单易行，活化率较高，值得临床推广。     

114例特发性夜间额叶癫痫的临床及脑电图研究

目的 分析114例特发性夜间额叶癫痫(NFLE)患者的临床特征、脑电图和神经影像学表现、治疗效果及预后.方法 回顾性分析解放军总医院癫痫门诊自1999年6月至2007年1月收治的114例NFLE患者的临床资料.结果 NFLE以夜间成串的偏转性、姿势性强直及过度运动发作为最显著的临床特征;本组22.9%清醒发作间期常规脑电图及28%清醒发作间期动态脑电图可见额叶癫痫样放电,38%睡眠发作间期动态脑电图可见额叶癫痫样放电,66.7%发作期脑电图可见额叶癫痫样放电;79.8%药物治疗有效,其中29.7%可完全控制.结论 NTLE具有特征性的临床发作特点,发作期及发作间期脑电图改变阳性率不高,临床上应注意鉴别.额叶癫痫容易在夜间发作,睡眠腩电图对NFLE具有重要的诊断价值.     

Dreams and Epilepsy

The relationship between dreams and epilepsy is illustrated by two patients whose awake epileptic seizures and recurrent dreams during night sleep had similar content. In both of our cases the EEG showed right anterior temporal spike discharge, suggesting a role for the temporal lobe in the association between dreams and seizures.     

一组特殊的良性儿童部分性癫(癎)的临床和脑电图特征

目的 分析一组特殊的良性儿童部分性癫(癎)的临床特征,探讨其病理生理机制.方法 对在我院癫(癎)中心门诊就诊的儿童部分性癫(癎)进行随访观察,纳入符合良性部分性癫(癎)诊断者,排除能够分类的其他类型,分析患者的临床和脑电图特征.结果 入组的44例患者中,38.6%(17/44)的患儿每天均有发作,额叶失神、偏转是最常见的发作症状,觉醒脑电图有局灶、多灶、全面性棘慢波爆发3种表现,且以额部为著;睡眠时双侧同步化.截止随访日,88.6%(39/44)完全无发作,22.7%(10/44)脑电图完全恢复正常.结论 有一组特殊的良性儿童部分性癫(癎),可能是起源于额叶.     

长程视频脑电监测对癫痫间的诊断价值

目的 评价长程视频脑电图对癫痫间等发作性疾病的诊断价值,提高癫痫间及癫痫间综合征的诊断。方法 对在本院神经内科癫痫间中心门诊及住院患者中首次以发作性疾病就诊的患者进行不同时程的视频脑电图监测,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 24 h组视频脑电监测对癫痫间异常脑波放电的阳性检出率较高(76.9%),8 h组最低(30.1%),15 h组介于两者之间(55.4%),在24 h组1920例患者中有1476例有异常放电,287例记录到临床同步发作,其中153例明确癫痫间发作类型,153例中96例进一步明确为癫痫间综合征,使对癫痫间的分型及癫痫间综合征的分类更加明了细化。结论 24 h视频脑电监测能够显著提高癫痫间患者的诊断率及异常脑波的检出率,有效地降低了假阴性率并且在癫痫间的鉴别诊断、分型及癫痫间综合症的诊断方面有重要的临床意义,同时对其他发作性疾病的鉴别提供了可靠的的临床依据。     

Long-term EEG monitoring in epilepsy diagnosis

EEG long-term monitorings were carried out in 149 patients using a portable 4-channel miniature recorder system. In most cases EEG was recorded for 48 hours. In addition to preceding routine EEG controls, long-term EEG monitoring disclosed epileptic phenomena in 32.7% of patients suspected for epileptic seizures from their history. This gain of information was based mainly on the detection of abnormal potentials or epileptic seizures appearing during sleep. Using EEG long-term recording numerous EEG routine controls could be replaced which otherwise are often necessary for ensuring the diagnosis of epilepsy. If the patient's history, however, gives only poor reason to believe epileptic seizures, positive findings in EEG long-term monitorings are unlikely. Consequently, careful evaluation of the patient's history is crucial for the indication of this laborious examination. As the limited number of recorder channels may cause false negative results, normal findings should be utilized with caution. Only the sum of all clinical and neurophysiological data should be used for exclusion of suspected epilepsy. The second, even more important application of EEG long-term recordings is the special examination of patients with known epilepsy, such as studies of the circadian profiles of epileptic excitability, documentation of seizure frequency, and electrographic analysis of the course of seizure. Therapy control of epileptic patients can be improved by such informations. In view of the large amount of data which results from long-term recordings, computer assisted methods supporting the visual analysis are necessary. In this regard the continuous spectral analysis of the EEG long-term recordings proved to be highly useful.