重型颅脑损伤开颅减压术中低血压危险因素Logistic回归分析

目的探讨重型颅脑损伤患者在开颅血肿清除和(或)去骨瓣减压术中发生低血压的相关因素。方法对81例重型颅脑损伤行开颅血肿清除和(或)去骨瓣减压患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 81例患者术中发生低血压18例(22.2%)。低血压组和非低血压组之间有9个因素行t检验或χ2检验,其中有6个因素的差异有统计学意义,分别为入院时格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)、血肿量、中线移位程度、平均动脉压、是否合并硬膜下血肿及术中失血量。以术中是否发生低血压为因变量,再进行多因素Logistic回归分析,显示入院时GCS、中线移位程度、平均动脉压及术中失血量有显著性差异,而血肿量和是否合并硬膜下血肿无统计学意义。结论入院时GCS、中线移位程度、平均动脉压及术中失血量是重型颅脑损伤患者开颅减压过程中发生低血压的危险因素。     

标准大骨瓣开颅血肿清除对重度颅脑外伤侧裂区损伤致单侧脑肿胀的疗效观察

目的 探讨标准大骨瓣开颅血肿清除去大骨瓣减压术对重度颅脑外伤侧裂区损伤致单侧脑肿胀的疗效.方法 57例重度颅脑外伤侧裂区损伤致单侧脑肿胀患者随机分成观察组(32例)和对照组(25例),分别采用标准和常规大骨瓣开颅血肿清除术治疗.观察并比较两组患者术后的格拉斯哥评分(GCS)、颅内压(ICP)、脑水肿体积、中线移位情况和生存率.结果 观察组术后3 d和7 d时评分GCS明显高于对照组,而ICP、脑水肿体积和中线移位均明显少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后随访1年,观察组生存率为75%,明显高于对照组的48%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.39,P<0.05).结论 标准大骨瓣开颅血肿清除去大骨瓣减压术可以明显改善重度颅脑外伤侧裂区损伤致单侧脑肿胀患者的预后,降低病死率.     

急性颅内复合损伤的CT及临床特点

目的 探讨急性颅内复合损伤CT及临床特征。方法 分析113例急性颅内复合损伤CT分型与临床GCS评分,并就中线移位及血肿体积与GCS评分进行统计学分析。结果GCS评分轻度21例,中度45例。重度47例,中线移位及血肿体积与GCS评分有关。结论 急性颅内复合损伤临床分级以中度至重度为主,CT显示中线移位距离及血肿体积与神经功能受损程度有关。     

开颅术中急性脑膨出56例临床分析

目的 :探讨开颅术中出现急性脑膨出的相关因素及处理方法。方法 :回顾性分析 1997～ 2 0 0 1年行开颅去除骨瓣减压术 5 6例 ,比较大剂量使用激素及脱水剂在防治术中急性脑膨出中的作用。结果 :本组资料提示 ,CT显示脑室、脑池受压变小或消失 ,中线结构移位 <10mm ,经上述处理效果较好 ,但中线结构移位 >12mm ,GCS评分较低则效果不明显。结论 :对颅内血肿脑室、脑池受压 ,中线移位 <10mm经大量激素及脱水剂治疗 ,积极手术治疗可改善预后 ,而中线结构移位 >12mm ,GCS评分较低提示保守治疗为佳     

重型颅脑创伤侧裂区损伤标准大骨瓣开颅治疗体会

目的：探讨重型颅脑创伤侧裂区损伤标准大骨瓣开颅治疗的疗效。方法选取62例重型颅脑创伤侧裂区损伤患者为研究对象,随机均分为观察组和对照组（n=31）,对照组给予常规大骨瓣开颅血肿清除术,观察组给予标准大骨瓣开颅血肿清除术。结果观察组术后第3、7天颅内压（ICP）、脑水肿体积、中线移位均显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）,GCS评分显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）,总生存率（77.42%）显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论标准大骨瓣开颅治疗重型颅脑创伤侧裂区损伤,能彻底清除血肿及坏死脑组织,改善血液循环,提高生存质量。值得临床推广。     

脑中线波移位对颅脑损伤的诊断价值探讨(附50例开颅手术病例分析)

<正> 现将我院1980年10月至1983年8月资料较完整的术前头颅超声波探查有脑中线波移位,并经开颅手术诊断明确的颅脑损伤病人50例进行分析。对脑中线波移位在颅脑损伤中的诊断价值进行初步探讨。一般资料本组共50例,男性43例,女性7例;年龄最小5岁,最大67岁。术前脑中线移位值在0.2～0.75cm之间;术后诊断为颅内血肿或颅     

重症幕上脑出血救治

目的探讨重症幕上脑出血的救治。方法2003年～2007年我院对出血量30～120ml,中线偏移大5mm,GCS评分3～8分的30例重症幕上脑出血病人采取了开颅血肿清除,去骨瓣减压及脑室穿刺引流术等外科治疗取得较好疗效。结果30例病人中死亡4例,成活率近90%;良好20例,良好率66%。结论对于重症幕上脑出血病人出血量大于30ml,中线偏移大于5mm,GCS3-8分时应尽早采取手术治疗。采取开颅血肿清除,去骨瓣减压,脑室穿刺引流等方法可以清除病灶,控制出血,降低颅内压,改善脑循环,保护正常脑组织,从而最大限度抢救病人生命,改善病人预后。     

重型颅脑损伤552例临床分析

目的:总结重型颅脑损伤的诊治经验。方法:统计本院5年来收治重型颅脑损伤(经CT诊断并按GCS分型,以入院GCS≤8分为重型诊断标准,其中GCS评分3~5分为特重型颅脑损伤)病人,按GOS评分进行预后判断,分析其治疗效果。结果:本组552例,其中手术404例,死亡102例,手术死亡率25·11%;未手术148例,死亡43例,病死率29·19%。本组死亡共145例,总死亡率26·7%。植物生存11例;重残70例;中残93例;良好233例。结论:重型颅脑损伤病人GCS评分越低,病人预后越差。围绕影响病人生命的呼吸、循环和脑压三个重要环节进行抢救,而清除颅内血肿解除脑受压,改善脑灌注压(CPP)以及脑血流(CBF)减轻脑缺氧,是救治重型颅脑损伤的关键所在,要争取早期开颅,充分减压。     

超低位大骨瓣开颅颞肌下减压术对重型颅脑创伤脑疝的疗效分析

目的探讨和比较超低位大骨瓣开颅颞肌下减压术治疗重型颅脑创伤并发脑疝的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2008年4月~2012年4月于上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院神经外科就诊的80例重型颅脑创伤并发脑疝患者,将其分为实验组40例和对照组40例,对照组采用标准大骨瓣减压术治疗,实验组采用超低位大骨瓣开颅颞肌下减压术。结果对照组颅内压（48.4±5.2）mm Hg,格拉斯哥昏迷评分（GCS）（9.6±3.1）分,实验组颅内压（30.9±4.1）mm Hg,GCS为（12.9±3.2）分,实验组颅内压低于对照组,GCS评分高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）。对照组中线移位恢复有效率72.5%,实验组有效率100.0%,实验组中线移位恢复有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。实验组治疗后死亡率（17.5%）低于对照组（50.0%）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论超低位大骨瓣开颅颞肌下减压术治疗重型颅脑创伤脑疝患者可以促使中线移位恢复,降低患者颅内压,显著改善患者预后,适合临床推广应用。     

重型颅脑损伤并发高钠血症的危险因素分析

目的:探讨重型颅脑损伤(sTBI)患者并发高钠血症的发生机制及危险因素。方法:对70例sTBI患者的性别、年龄、伤后首次GCS评分、中线移位、高血糖、大剂量甘露醇应用情况、高热、多尿、并发肺部损伤等临床资料进行回顾性分析,动态监测血清钠证实发生高钠血症19例,分析其患者性别、年龄、伤后首次GCS评分、中线移位、高血糖、大剂量甘露醇应用、高热、多尿、并发肺部损伤等与高钠血症发生的相关性。结果:重型颅脑损伤患者高钠血症发生率为27.1%,首次GCS评分、中线移位、基底池受压、应用大剂量甘露醇、高热、高血糖、多尿、合并肺部损伤与重型颅脑损伤并发高钠血症相关。结论:高钠血症是重型颅脑损伤患者常见并发症之一,其发生增加重型颅脑损伤患者早期病死率,应针对其危险因素及时处理。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.