“烟囱”技术在胸主动脉夹层腔内修复术中的应用分析

目的 探讨“烟囱”支架技术在近端锚定区长度不足的胸主动脉夹层的主动脉腔内修复术治疗中的应用.方法 回顾性观察2012年8月至2013年9月广东省人民医院17例近端锚定区长度不足的胸主动脉夹层患者使用“烟囱”技术进行主动脉腔内修复术治疗的临床资料.结果 男16例,女1例,Stanford B型主动脉夹层16例,Stanford B型主动脉夹层合并腹主动脉瘤1例.手术成功率为100％,支架释放后即时血管造影显示破口封堵完全,“烟囱”支架血流正常.随访3-16个月,中位时间12个月,无术后死亡患者.随访期间,患者出现左足乏力1例、头晕1例、胸闷痛2例、Ⅰ型内漏2例.无严重神经系统及脏器缺血并发症发生.术后主动脉计算机断层扫描血管造影（CTA）未见移位、明显内漏及“烟囱支架”闭塞等异常.结论 对于近端锚定区长度不足的胸主动脉夹层的患者,使用“烟囱支架技术”进行主动脉腔内修复是安全、有效的治疗方法.     

胸主动脉腔内修复术的现状

胸主动脉瘤的外科治疗已有50余a的历史,随着技术的不断进步,在某些心脏中心开胸置换主动脉的手术病死率已降至3%,但是对于一些老年重症患者其手术并发症发生率和病死率仍然很高。随着支架性能的不断改进,胸主动脉腔内修复（TEVAR）技术已经广泛应用于胸主动脉病变的治疗;最近的报道显示接受血管腔内修复患者5 a的动脉瘤相关存活率为96%,与传统开胸手术相比明显提高,     

经皮穿刺主动脉腔内隔绝术的应用研究简

目的 评估经皮穿刺股动脉路径,实施主动脉腔内隔绝术的可行性及安全性.方法 回顾性分析广东省人民医院2006年1月至2013年1月间所有DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层行主动脉腔内隔绝术的患者的临床资料,按照穿刺股动脉方法不同,分为两组：传统外科手术分离并直视下穿刺组（A组）共201例;经皮穿刺组（B组）共407例.比较两组手术成功率;手术部位伤口处理时间;术中及术后并发症及术后住院时间等.结果 与A组相比,B组手术时间由（106±21）min缩短至（78±19）min,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）;伤口处理时间由（31±9）min缩短至（13＋5）min,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）;住院时间由（7±3）d减少到（5±2）d,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）;伤口并发症由12.9％减少为1.7％,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）.结论 主动脉腔内隔绝术采用经皮穿刺方法是安全可行的,对比传统方法有明显优势,值得临床推广.     

胸主动脉腔内修复术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层

目的 总结胸主动脉腔内修复术（thoracic endovascular aortic repair,TEVAR）治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层的临床经验.方法 回顾性分析134例Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者的临床资料,分析并发症发生的原因及随访近、远期效果.结果 术前死亡4例,未手术1例,施行TEVAR 129例,手术操作均成功,部分封堵左锁骨下动脉27例（20.9％）,完全封闭左锁骨下动脉12例（9.3％）;Ⅰ型内漏13例（10.1％）,夹层逆剥为Stanford A型1例,低氧血症23例（17.8％）,肾功能衰竭需血液滤过9例（7.1％）,术后精神症状37例（28.7％）,脑梗死3例.随访2个月～5年,随访110例,随访率85.7％,1例术后1年和1.5年出现支架远端夹层,两次手术植入覆膜支架,部分封闭了腹腔干动脉,1例术后2个月时因肠梗阻在外院行手术治疗,1例术后4年时支架远端发生夹层破裂死亡,1例术后3个月突然死亡.Ⅰ型内漏消失11例,持续存在2例.结论 急诊TEVAR治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层安全、可靠,近期效果良好,加强并发症的防治,可进一步改善临床效果.     

主动脉支架体外开窗技术在主动脉弓部疾病腔内修复术中应用的早期经验

目的 评估主动脉腔内修复术中应用主动脉支架体外开窗技术治疗累及主动脉弓部疾病的安全性及有效性。方法 回顾性分析2019年2月至2021年4月广州医科大学附属第一医院连续使用体外开窗技术治疗54例主动脉弓部疾病患者的临床资料,分析术中台上体外开窗术应用的安全性、有效性及围术期并发症情况,并观察早期的治疗效果。结果 54例主动脉弓部疾病患者腔内修复术中均使用体外开窗技术完成弓上分支血管重建,分支支架置入成功率100%。共置入AnKura主动脉支架54枚,外周分支支架60枚。所有患者术后即刻主动脉造影均无内漏、血管逆行撕裂,所有分支血管通畅,无神经系统及穿刺口并发症发生。平均手术时间77.8 min,平均透视时间37.6 min,平均回装支架时间18.3 min,平均对比剂用量82.6 ml。患者平均住院时间7.8 d,门诊随访12～37个月,平均21.4个月,所有患者均无胸痛、背痛及分支血管缺血症状。结论 体外开窗拓展了腔内治疗弓部病变的适应证,近期疗效肯定,并发症发生率低,安全有效。     

同期行降主动脉和腹主动脉腔内修复术

目的：讨论病变同时累及降主动脉和腹主动脉的主动脉疾患,同期行胸主动脉和腹主动脉腔内修复术对脊髓缺血的影响.方法：回顾性分析2009年2月至2013年1月间,本中心收住院的病变同时累及降主动脉和腹主动脉的18例患者,其中男性17例,女性1例,年龄50 ～ 78岁,平均（61.13±7.25）岁,其中胸主动脉瘤伴腹主动脉瘤10例,胸主动脉穿通溃疡伴腹主动脉瘤5例,胸主动脉及腹主动脉均为穿通溃疡2例,胸主动脉夹层伴腹主动脉瘤1例,全部采用双侧股动脉切开行主动脉腔内修复术,其中胸主动脉根据病变范围置入1枚或2枚覆膜支架（部分重叠）,腹主动脉置入分体式或一体式支架.结果：术后1例脊髓供血障碍（5.6％）,经脱水及神经营养性治疗后痊愈,随访3～24个月,无支架移位或内漏等并发症发生.结论：应用覆膜支架同时覆盖降主动脉和腹主动脉处理主动脉病变是安全、有效的.个别可引起脊髓缺血,应进行积极预防和及时处理.     

腔内修复术治疗急性主动脉夹层的护理研究

目的 总结常规急性主动脉夹层的护理经验,在此基础上采取全面干预的护理措施,以提高患者生存率.方法 选取2002年4月至2013年10月在沈阳军区总医院行主动脉腔内隔绝术治疗的急性主动脉夹层患者449例.2010年10月以前为常规护理组210例,其后为强化护理组239例.强化护理组在常规护理的基础上主要采取绝对卧床休息、镇静止痛、控制血压心率、心理护理、营养支持,病情监护及出院指导等护理干预措施,以患者离院时及在以后的随访对两组护理结果进行对比分析.结果 强化护理组围术期病死率较低,与常规护理组相比,差异无统计学意义（0.84％ vs.1.90％,P=0.325）.强化护理组随访期间病死率低于常规护理组（2.6％vs.11.3％,P=0.001）.强化护理组护理满意率高于常规护理组（98.7％ vs.80.0％,P＜0.001）.结论 严密观察病情变化及正确的护理措施可以降低主动脉夹层患者的病死率,有利于患者的预后.     

主动脉夹层经皮行主动脉腔内修复术的围手术期护理

目的总结41例主动脉夹层经皮行主动脉腔内修复术的围手术期护理。方法术前做好心理护理和术前准备,防止瘤体破裂,术后做好呼吸道护理,监测生命体征,做好疼痛的护理、体位与饮食指导及肾功能的监护、术后综合征的护理,观察和预防各种术后并发症的出现。结果 41例主动脉夹层患者接受此种完全经皮方式进行主动脉疾患腔内修复,支架均成功植入,术后动脉瘤搏动消失,所有患者住院期间,没有发生腹膜后出血、肾功能衰竭、截瘫和内漏、穿刺部位血肿、出血、感染及下肢缺血等并发症。结论对经皮行主动脉腔内修复术患者提供良好的护理,能促进患者的康复。     

Total percutaneous endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms using Perclose ProGlide closure devices.

PURPOSE: To describe a technique for access site closure in percutaneous abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair using double Perclose ProGlide devices to overcome the problems associated with the bulky delivery system and braided suture of the antecedent (Prostar) device. TECHNIQUE: After obtaining guidewire access, 2 Perclose ProGlide sutures are deployed at 90 degrees to each other. The appropriate sheaths are placed over the stiff guidewires. After the stent-graft procedure is completed, an assistant holds pressure while the knots are tightened with the stiff guidewire still in the artery. Once the second knot is tightened with the knot pusher and after confirming adequate hemostasis, the wire is removed, pressure is applied, and heparin reversed. This method has been used in 17 consecutive patients (age range 65-85 years) undergoing endovascular AAA repair. One patient needed patch angioplasty and 2 required small incisions for additional suture placements (81% primary success rate for total percutaneous repair, 90% success rate for all sites). CONCLUSION: We have found the double Perclose ProGlide technique to be easy to use, safe, and feasible for total percutaneous AAA repair. More experience with longer follow-up is needed to assess its potential to replace the Perclose Prostar closure device for total percutaneous AAA repairs.     

Overview of techniques and devices for endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

The endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) is rapidly evolving. Since the onset of clinical investigations in 1990 there has been a rapid proliferation in the number of available devices, both surgeon-made and industry-made. This chapter reviews endovascular AAA repair with regard to available devices, patient selection for each device based on anatomic criteria, and techniques for graft deployment.     

动脉旁路辅助下胸主动脉腔内修复的探讨

目的探讨动脉旁路辅助下胸主动脉腔内修复(endovascularrepair,EVR)的可行性和有效性。方法回顾分析自2003年6月至2005年1月动脉旁路辅助下腔内修复DebakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层动脉瘤5例(aorticdissectionaneurysm,ADA),主动脉弓动脉瘤、主动脉弓外伤性假性动脉瘤和胸降主动脉瘤(descendingthoracicaorticaneurysm,DTAA)各1例的治疗经过、结果和并发症。所有患者近端锚定区均<15mm。1例ADA行右左腋腋动脉旁路,其余都行右左颈总动脉、左颈总左锁骨下动脉旁路,1周后行EVR。结果8例都取得技术成功。DTAA患者动脉旁路术后无并发症,EVR术后并发脑梗死而死亡。腋腋旁路患者EVR术后即时造影显示左锁骨下动脉返流导致Ⅱ型内漏,未作特殊处理。其余患者围手术期无卒中、截瘫或肢体缺血性并发症。存活的7例都获随访,随访期3～22个月(平均14个月),未发生神经系统或肢体缺血性并发症,术后3个月CT证实7例均胸主动脉段假腔或者(假性)动脉瘤瘤腔完全血栓形成,腋腋旁路患者内漏消失。结论辅助性动脉旁路可以为胸主动脉腔内修复创造额外的近端锚定区,扩大腔内修复的适应证范围。     

Aortitis following percutaneous aortic side branch embolization prior to endovascular repair of infrarenal aortic aneurysm.

PURPOSE: To report two cases of life-threatening aortic infection after percutaneous endovascular coil embolization prior to endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair (EVAR). CASE REPORT: Two 76-year-old patients were readmitted 5 days and 3 weeks, respectively, after technically successful percutaneous coil embolization of aortic side branches in advance of scheduled EVAR. In the first patient, the right hypogastric artery, the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA), and a lumbar artery had been embolized, whereas in the second patient only the right hypogastric artery and the IMA had been occluded. On admission, both patients presented with severe abdominal pain. Investigations revealed acute aortic infection in both patients, combined with substantial AAA enlargement in one. Open surgical infrarenal aortic replacement was performed using homografts, and antibiotic therapy was initiated. After uneventful recovery, both patients were asymptomatic, had intact aortic homografts, and showed no evidence of infection after 12 and 18 months of follow-up, respectively. CONCLUSION: Endovascular infections are a potentially serious complication following percutaneous coil embolization of major aortic branches. Early diagnosis and dedicated therapy are mandatory. Immediate resection of the infected aorta and replacement with homografts in association with prolonged antibiotic treatment showed good midterm results.     

Hemangiosarcoma after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair.

PURPOSE: To report a rare case of hemangiosarcoma after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). CASE REPORT: A 50-year-old man with Klinefelter syndrome presented 5 years after EVAR with a mass at the infrarenal aorta outside the stent-graft. Radiomorphologic and clinical signs were misleading because there had been evidence of an inflammatory process for more than a year. The stent-graft with the surrounding aorta was removed and replaced by a conventional tube graft. Systemic chemotherapy followed. The tumor recurred after 12 months, with pulmonary metastases and tumor embolic occlusion of his left femoral artery. Thrombectomy was performed, and a second course of chemotherapy was administered. The patient died 24 months after the conversion procedure. CONCLUSION: Morphological changes of the aneurysm wall seen on computed tomographic scans of EVAR patients may not be incidental or signs of infection; rather, a malignant tumor of the aorta or lymphatic disease, although rare, have to be taken into consideration as well.     

Experience with endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in nonagenarians.

PURPOSE: To report a single-institution experience with endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair (EVAR) in nonagenarians. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of all patients >90 years old undergoing EVAR over an 8-year period at a major academic medical center. The patient population was investigated for the presence of various comorbidities, initial aneurysm size, successful aneurysm exclusion, perioperative complications, disposition, endoleaks, secondary interventions, and overall survival. RESULTS: EVAR was performed in 18 male nonagenarians (mean age 92.4 years, range 90- 95). Mean aneurysm diameter was 7.3 cm (range 5.5-9.8). The cohort had an average of 3.2 comorbid conditions. Sixteen patients were treated electively, while 2 patients underwent emergent repair for contained rupture and bleeding aortoenteric fistula, respectively. Immediate technical success was 100%. Perioperative local/vascular complications occurred in 4 (22%) patients. Perioperative systemic complications occurred in 3 (17%) patients. There were 2 (11%) perioperative (<30 days) deaths. Three (17%) patients required secondary interventions. Mean survival in patients who expired during the follow-up period beyond the first 30 days was 34 months (range 8-78). Mean survival in 8 patients who are still alive is 17.4 months (range 9-39). CONCLUSION: Endovascular AAA repair in nonagenarians is associated with a high rate of technical success and relatively low morbidity rate. Survival times following successful hospital discharge are significant. Suitable patients over 90 years of age may benefit from an endovascular AAA repair.