Antibacterial activity of norfloxacin against 1700 relatively resistant clinical isolates

A total of 1724 clinical isolates from patients with different infections were tested in vitro to determine their susceptibility to norfloxacin. Antibacterial activity of norfloxacin was compared with other drugs that were commonly used in the hospital. Of the 919 strains of Enterobacteriaceae tested, all except four isolates of Enterobacter, two of Serratia and one of Proteus were susceptible to norfloxacin. Ninety-five percent of the 199 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were also inhibited by this quinolone. Brucella melitensis (81 strains) was completely susceptible to norfloxacin. All the 250 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci were also sensitive to norfloxacin. Pseudomonads other than P.aeruginosa, Acinetobacter/Alcaligenes and group D streptococci were less sensitive to norfloxacin, with 56%, 57% and 20% respectively being inhibited by this antimicrobial agent.     

Studies of isolated organisms from otorhinolaryngological infections and their susceptibilities to macrolide antibiotics

To study current situation of pathogenic bacteria and their drug resistance to macrolide antibiotics in the otorhinolaryngological infections, 609 strains diagnosed as pathogen derived from 463 patients were collected from cohospitals or institutions during the period of 1980-1983. The results obtained were as follows: Gram-positive cocci (GPC) was dominant (410 strains) and major species were S. aureus (135 strains), S. pneumoniae (81 strains), S. epidermidis (68 strains) and S. pyogenes (65 strains). In Gram-negative bacteria giving 147 strains and 43 strains, of anaerobes prevailing species were H. influenzae, P. aeruginosa and Peptostreptococcus spp. Representative species in the diseases were S. aureus (26.6%), S. epidermidis (24.5%), and P. aeruginosa (12.8%) in acute otitis media, S. aureus (34.4%), S. epidermidis (17.7%) and P. aeruginosa (14.6%) in acute exacerbation of chronic otitis media, S. epidermidis (17.0%), S. aureus (16.1%) and H. influenzae (13.4%) in acute paranasal sinusitis, S. pyogenes (29.1%), S. pneumoniae (19.6%) and S. aureus (15.1%) in acute tonsillitis. Although most of isolates were susceptible to macrolides, 62 resistant strains to macrolides were found in 501 strains and the resistant rates were 26.7% in S. aureus, 23.1% in S. epidermidis and 6.5% in S. pyogenes. The resistant pattern was somewhat different against each macrolides, resistant strains giving over 100 micrograms/ml in MIC were 55/62 in erythromycin, 35/62 in josamycin and midecamycin and 7/62 in TMS-19-Q, a new macrolide.     

In vitro activity of clinafloxacin against fluoroquinolone resistant Spanish clinical isolates.

The in vitro activity of clinafloxacin against 162 ciprofloxacin-resistant clinical isolates was determined. Isolates were selected when their MIC to ciprofloxacin was 2 mg/l (intermediate) or > 2 mg/l (resistant). The following strains were tested: 61 Escherichia coli, 12 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 7 Proteus mirabilis, 21 Serratia marcescens, 4 Enterobacter cloacae, 21 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 21 Staphylococcus. aureus (resistant to methicillin) and 15 Enterococcus spp. Clinafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and norfloxacin activities were evaluated by agar dilution using Müeller-Hinton agar according to NCCLS recommendations. Of the 162 isolates, 16 (9.8%) were intermediate and 146 (90.1%) resistant to ciprofloxacin. 95 of the 162 strains (58.6%) were susceptible, 27 (16.7%) intermediately susceptible, and 40 strains (24.7%) were resistant to clinafloxacin. The percentage susceptible to clinafloxacin was 65.6% for E. coli, 75% for K. pneumoniae, 71.4% for P. mirabilis, 28.6% for S. marcescens, 75% for E. cloacae, 33.3% for P. aeruginosa, 90.5% for S. aureus and 40% for Enterococcus spp. Clinafloxacin was active against 58.6% of the ciprofloxacin-resistant clinical isolates tested. It was particularly active against S. aureus strains resistant to both ciprofloxacin and methicillin.     

Antibiotic resistance of bacterial strains isolated from children in Child Health Center, Warsaw

This study examines the antibiotic susceptibility of 1792 bacterial strains isolated from hospitalized children between January and December 1993. A total of 1015 Gram-negative rods represented by members of Enterobacteriaceae family (770) and nonfermenters (245) were isolated. The most resistant strains were noticed among Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae. From 38% to 46% of K. pneumoniae strains were resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, but all of them were sensitive to imipenem. From 60% to 80% of E. cloacae isolates were resistant to all beta-lactams, but sensitive to imipenem. Resistance of P. aeruginosa to aminoglycosides varied from 30% for gentamicin to 5% for amikacin. About 40% of P. aeruginosa strains were resistant to carbenicillin, and 25% to azlocillin and piperacillin, but only two strains were resistant to ceftazidime and imipenem. Among Gram-positive cocci the most frequently encountered were coagulase-negative staphylococci, followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. The methicillin-resistant strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci and S. aureus consisted 74.8% and 34%, respectively. All strains of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci and S. aureus were sensitive to vancomycin.     

In vitro antibacterial activity of FK482, a new orally active cephalosporin

FK482 is a new orally active cephem antibiotic which offers some advantages over the commercially available oral beta-lactam antibiotics. It displayed a broad spectrum of activity in vitro against stock strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobes and anaerobes. FK482 was more active in vitro than cefixime (CFIX), cefaclor (CCL) or cephalexin (CEX) against clinical isolates of Gram-positive organisms such as methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative Staphylococci including Staphylococcus epidermidis and strains of the Streptococcus group. Moderate activity was found against methicillin-resistant S. aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Against clinical isolates of many Gram-negative species, including opportunistic pathogens, FK482 had good in vitro activity similar or slightly inferior to that of CFIX but superior to that of CCL or CEX. However, it was clearly inferior to CFIX in activity against Serratia marcescens, and was inactive against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Strains of S. aureus resistant to methicillin were moderately susceptible to FK482. All tested strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to CCL and CEX were susceptible to FK482, as were all the strains of Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Haemophilus influenzae and Branhamella catarrhalis resistant to amoxicillin (AMPC). FK482, like CFIX, was relatively stable to all type of beta-lactamases except Bacteroides fragilis and its stability was superior to that of CCL or CEX. The antibacterial activity of FK482 against CSH2 strains containing ampicillin-resistance plasmids was not affected by the presence of the ampicillin resistance determinants. FK482 showed higher affinity for the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) (3, 2 and 1) of S. aureus than did CFIX, CCL and CEX. FK482 also showed very high affinity for the PBPs (2 and 3) of E. faecalis and PBPs (3, 1a, 4, 2 and 1 bs) of E. coli. The bactericidal activity of FK482 against S. aureus was almost as strong as that of AMPC and superior to that of CCL or CEX. Against Gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis, FK482 was similar to CFIX and superior to CCL and CEX in bactericidal activity.     

河北邢台市人民医院2017年细菌耐药性监测#br#

目的 了解2017年河北邢台市人民医院临床所有分离细菌的分布情况及耐药性监测。方法 采用自动化仪器法或纸片扩散法(Kirby-Bauer法)对河北邢台市人民医院在2017年临床分离菌株进行药物敏感实验,参照2016版CLSI标准判定结果,并采用WHONET 5.6软件统计分析。结果 2017年共收集细菌4413株,其中革兰阴性菌3368株,占76.3%。革兰阳性菌1045株,占23.7%。革兰阴性菌数量居前5位的是大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌和流感嗜血菌;革兰阳性菌数量居前5位是金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌和溶血葡萄球菌。产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的检出率分别是74.9%(716/956)和44.7%(246/550),产ESBL株对测试药物的耐药率均比非产ESBL株高。肠杆菌科细菌对碳青霉烯类抗生素仍高度敏感,耐碳青霉烯类大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的检出率分别是0.8%(8/956)和4.9%(27/550)。耐碳青霉烯类铜绿假单胞菌的检出率是27.7%(146/528)。鲍曼不动杆菌耐碳青霉烯类的检出率是63.2%(275/435)。金黄色葡萄球菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的甲氧西林耐药株的检出率分别是43.5%和85.0%,甲氧西林耐药株(MRSA和MRCNS)对多数测试药物的耐药率均显著高于甲氧西林敏感株(MSSA和MSCNS),MRSA中有90.7%的菌株对复方磺胺甲噁唑敏感,MRCNS中有93.2%的菌株对阿米卡星敏感,未发现万古霉素和利奈唑胺耐药的菌株。青霉素耐药肺炎链球菌(PRSP)检出率为12.9%。结论 定期进行细菌耐药性监测有助于了解医院细菌耐药性变迁,为临床合理规范使用抗菌药物提供依据,指导院感管理防控措施的制定和避免耐药菌株的传播流行。     

呼吸道感染常见细菌分泌MPT64蛋白或其抗原类似物情况分析

目的:进一步确证呼吸道感染常见细菌分泌结核分枝杆菌MPT64蛋白或抗原类似物的情况,为结核病试验诊断研究提供循证依据。方法:选取2019年3月至2020年12月清远市清新区人民医院送检的合格痰标本80株培养分离株,依细菌分离时间先后将样本分为训练集样本组50株和测试集样本组30株。取ATCC25923金黄色葡萄球菌、A...     

In vitro activity of aztreonam against gram negative bacteria from clinical specimens and its comparison with other commonly used antibiotics

A total of 755 gram negative bacteria isolated from clinical specimens were tested against aztreonam by the disc agar diffusion test. The strains of bacteria used in this study consisted of Escherichia coli (314), Enterobacter aerogenes (30), E. agglomerans (7), E. cloacae, (39), Citrobacter diversus (9), C. freundii (13), Hafnia alvei (3), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (10), Klebsiella oxytoca (6), K. ozaenae (5), K. pneumoniae (107), Morganella morganii (3), Moraxella sp. (10), Pasteurella multocida (1), Proteus mirabilis (66), P. vulgaris (4), Providencia rettgeri (12), P. stuartii (5), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (85), P. fluorescens (2), P. maltophila (7), Salmonella sp. (1) and Serratia marcescens (17). In vitro activity against aztreonam was compared with amikacin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephalosporin, cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, nitrofurantoin, piperacillin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and tobramycin. Over 99% of E. coli and Enterobacter species were susceptible to aztreonam. All the 118 strains of Klebsiella, 87 strains of Proteus-Providencia and 17 strains of S. marcescens were also susceptible. Aztreonam also showed good activity against P. aeruginosa, inhibiting 90% of the 85 isolates tested.     

Daptomycin in vitro susceptibility in European Gram-positive clinical isolates

The objective of this study was to determine the activity of daptomycin, a novel lipopeptide, against European Gram-positive isolates (n = 1539). The MIC(90)-values of daptomycin against Staphylococcus aureus isolates was 0.25 mg/L, against Enterococcus faecalis 4 mg/L, against Enterococcus faecium 8 mg/L, 0.25 mg/L against Staphylococcus epidermidis, and 0.25mg/L against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Daptomycin was equally potent against antibiotic-susceptible and resistant strains within a particular species. Based on a breakpoint of 1 mg/L for S. aureus and group A streptococci, all isolates tested were susceptible to daptomycin. Based on a breakpoint of 4 mg/L for vancomcyin-susceptible E. faecalis 99.7% of these isolates were susceptible to daptomycin.     

Antimicrobial activity of cefotiam against various clinical isolates from 1981 to 1985

Some of new cephem antibiotics, particularly the so called the third generation cephalosporins, are reported to be potent inducers of beta-lactamases and to be responsible for developing microbial cross-resistance to multiple beta-lactam antibiotics and occasionally to the aminoglycosides (Sanders and Sanders, 1983). In Japan, third generation cephalosporins such as cefotaxime, cefoperazone, ceftizoxime, and latamoxef became available in 1981, and cefmenoxime in 1982. Therefore, it is of interest to investigate changes, if any, in the antimicrobial activity of cefotiam (CTM) against various Gram-positive and negative bacteria, particularly to determine whether its antimicrobial activity has been reduced since 1982. Susceptibilities of clinical isolates of S. aureus (1,776 strains), S. epidermidis (2,247), S. pneumoniae (160), S. pyogenes (108), E. faecalis (1,930), E. coli (2,024), K. pneumoniae (1,913), Proteus spp. (950), E. aerogenes (823), Serratia marcescens (1,160), Citrobacter spp. (303), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2,824), and H. influenzae (396) to CTM were studied. It was found that susceptibilities of these clinical isolates to CTM were not altered from 1981 to 1985, except S. marcescens. In 1985, susceptible strains of S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes and E. faecalis were 93.8, 93.4, 100, 100 and 0%, respectively. Those of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Proteus spp., H. influenzae, P. aeruginosa, S. marcescens, E. aerogenes and Citrobacter spp. were 97.9, 97.7, 89.4, 94, 0, 10.8, 45.9 and 74.5%, respectively. The rate of susceptible strains of S. marcescens decreased from 34.7 to 10.8% since 1981 to 1985.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Antimicrobial susceptibilities of organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections in 2002

Using the agar dilution method, the antibacterial activity of 18 antibiotics inclusive of 4 carbapenems were investigated against 101 strains of urinary pathogens isolated from patients with urinary tract infections who visited the Department of Urology at Kagoshima University Hospital, between January and December 2002. 4 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 3 strains of Staphylococcus spp. (exclusive of S. aureus), 14 strains of Enterococcus faecalis, 3 strains of Enterococcus spp. (exclusive of E. faecalis), 41 strains of Escherichia coli, 21 strains of Enterobacteriaceae (exclusive of E. coli), 12 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 3 strains of glucose-nonfermentative Gram-negative rods (exclusive of P. aeruginosa) were examined. 1. Against clinical isolates of Gram-positive bacteria, vancomycin and teicoplanin were active. Additionally, arbekacin was active against S. aureus clinical isolates and ampicillin was active against E. faecalis clinical isolates. Carbapenems were active against clinical isolates of Gram-positive bacteria, except for multi-drug resistant strains of Gram-positive bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus. 2. As for clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria, meropenem was most active against Enterobacteriaceae among 13 antibiotics tested. Against P. aeruginosa clinical isolates, MIC90 of meropenem was the lowest among 13 antibiotics tested. In addition, resistant rate of meropenem and biapenem against P. aeruginosa clinical isolates was lower than those of the other carbapenems tested. 3. As main urinary pathogens showed no remarkable increase in resistance to carbapenems, it can be stated that carbapenems retain their position as the drug of first choice for severe infection.     

2016—2018年河南省儿童医院细菌分布及耐药性分析

目的 了解河南省儿童医院2016—2018年临床分离菌株的分布及常用抗菌药物的耐药情况,为儿科临床合理用药提供依据。方法 选择2016—2018年所有临床分离菌株,采用Phoenix 100微生物分析仪和纸片扩散法进行药敏实验,按照历年CLSI标准判读药敏结果,用WHONET5.6软件进行耐药性分析。 结果 2016—2018年共收集临床非重复分离株21404株,其中革兰阳性菌7772株,占36.3%,革兰阴性菌13632株,占63.7%。无菌体液标本共分离出致病菌2312株,排在前三位的细菌为凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌。 3105株非脑脊液分离的肺炎链球菌中青霉素不敏感率为0.5%。耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MRCNS)平均检出率分别为34.2%和72.0%;MRSA和MRCNS对绝大多数测试抗菌药物的耐药率均显著高于甲氧西林敏感株金黄色葡萄球菌(MSSA)和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MSCNS)。对万古霉素和利奈唑胺不敏感的葡萄球菌未检出。检出耐万古霉素屎肠球菌1株,未发现对万古霉素不敏感的粪肠球菌。流感嗜血菌β-内酰胺酶阳性率为53.7%,除了对复方磺胺甲噁唑的耐药率高于80.0%外,对大多数抗菌药物比较敏感。 2016—2018年大肠埃希菌产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBL)的检出率依次为70.4%、72.1%和66.6%,大肠埃希菌对碳青霉烯仍高度敏感,3年来其对碳青霉烯类药物的耐药率都低于10.0%。2016—2018年肺炎克雷伯菌产ESBL检出率依次为61.3%、75.6%和72.0%,对亚胺培南的耐药率为39.3%、32.7%和43.1%,对美罗培南的历年耐药率为40.4%、30.8%和43.2%。铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率分别为22.8%和19.6%。鲍曼不动杆菌对美罗培南和亚胺培南的耐药率均为60.5%。结论 多重耐药细菌在儿童中的形势严峻,威胁着儿科临床的抗感染治疗,应加强耐药监测和采取行之有效的感染控制措施。     

2016—2018年河南省儿童医院细菌分布及耐药性分析

目的 了解河南省儿童医院2016—2018年临床分离菌株的分布及常用抗菌药物的耐药情况,为儿科临床合理用药提供依据。方法 选择2016—2018年所有临床分离菌株,采用Phoenix 100微生物分析仪和纸片扩散法进行药敏实验,按照历年CLSI标准判读药敏结果,用WHONET5.6软件进行耐药性分析。 结果 2016—2018年共收集临床非重复分离株21404株,其中革兰阳性菌7772株,占36.3%,革兰阴性菌13632株,占63.7%。无菌体液标本共分离出致病菌2312株,排在前三位的细菌为凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌。 3105株非脑脊液分离的肺炎链球菌中青霉素不敏感率为0.5%。耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MRCNS)平均检出率分别为34.2%和72.0%;MRSA和MRCNS对绝大多数测试抗菌药物的耐药率均显著高于甲氧西林敏感株金黄色葡萄球菌(MSSA)和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MSCNS)。对万古霉素和利奈唑胺不敏感的葡萄球菌未检出。检出耐万古霉素屎肠球菌1株,未发现对万古霉素不敏感的粪肠球菌。流感嗜血菌β-内酰胺酶阳性率为53.7%,除了对复方磺胺甲噁唑的耐药率高于80.0%外,对大多数抗菌药物比较敏感。 2016—2018年大肠埃希菌产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBL)的检出率依次为70.4%、72.1%和66.6%,大肠埃希菌对碳青霉烯仍高度敏感,3年来其对碳青霉烯类药物的耐药率都低于10.0%。2016—2018年肺炎克雷伯菌产ESBL检出率依次为61.3%、75.6%和72.0%,对亚胺培南的耐药率为39.3%、32.7%和43.1%,对美罗培南的历年耐药率为40.4%、30.8%和43.2%。铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率分别为22.8%和19.6%。鲍曼不动杆菌对美罗培南和亚胺培南的耐药率均为60.5%。结论     

Antimicrobial activity and frequency of spontaneous gentamicin-resistant mutants in bacteria related skin infections

Gentamicin is used in an ointment form for the treatment of skin infections. To investigate the effect of gentamicin used as an ointment, the antimicrobial susceptibilities against Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from community and medical settings were studied and compared with other antibacterial agents such as fradiomycin, chloramphenicol, and bacitracin used as active ingredient for each ointment. Gentamicin showed antibacterial activities for all standard bacteria tested, but fradiomycin and chloramphenicol showed no such activities for St. pyogenes and P. aeruginosa, respectively. Bacitracin showed activity for St. pyogenes only. The strains of staphylococci isolated from healthy people were highly susceptible to gentamicin, while 49.3% of the isolates from the patients with skin infections were resistant to gentamicin and 96.4% of the gentamicin-resistant staphylococci carried the aminoglycoside-resistance gene aacA-aphD. The growths of all strains tested, except for two strains of P. aeruginosa, were inhibited by close below 128 μg/ml of gentamicin. Furthermore, the frequencies of spontaneous mutants resistant to gentamicin, fradiomycin, and chloramphenicol were each investigated using S. aureus, S. epidermidis, St. pyogenes, and P. aeruginosa. At doses of more than 32 μg/ml of gentamicin, no resistant mutants in any of bacteria strains tested were obtained. The concentration of gentamicin on the skin was calculated at approximately 895 μg/ml at least when the commercially used 0.1% gentamicin ointment was applied to the skin. Therefore, our study strongly indicates that the gentamicin ointment used has a potency of sufficiently inhibiting the growth of bacteria, including gentamicin-resistant strains, which cause skin infections in the community.     

2009年401医院1802株分离株细菌药敏试验分析

目的调查分析2009年401医院临床分离常见病原菌对常用抗菌药物耐药情况。方法采用纸片扩散法进行药敏试验,按CLSI 2009年标准判定药敏结果并用WHONET5.4软件进行数据分析。结果 2009年401医院共分离细菌1 802株,其中革兰阴性杆菌1 373株,占76.19%,革兰阳性菌429株,占23.81%。MRSA和MRCNS检出率分别为69.36%和36.23%,未检测到万古霉素中介和耐药的葡萄球菌和肠球菌。大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和奇异变形杆菌ESBLs的发生率分别为71.43%、56.60%和29.03%,肠杆菌科细菌对碳青霉烯类(亚胺培南、美罗培南)仍高度敏感;铜绿假单胞菌对头孢他啶的耐药率最低,为11.9%;鲍曼不动杆菌对美罗培南、亚胺培南的耐药率较低,分别为30.9%、32.6%;6.93%鲍曼不动杆菌和3.11%铜绿假单胞菌为泛耐药株(只对多黏菌素敏感)。结论 2009年401医院临床分离菌以革兰阴性菌为主,铜绿假单胞菌位居第一。肠杆菌科细菌对碳青霉烯类的敏感性最高,非发酵菌数量呈上升趋势,且耐药状况严重,应引起高度重视。     

2008年我院感染病原菌的分布及药物敏感性分析

目的分析院内感染病原菌的分布趋势及药物敏感性,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法药物敏感试验采用K—B纸片扩散法,以自行研制的院内感染监控系统软件进行数据统计分析。结果医院临床分离率居前10位的细菌分别为大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、白假丝酵母、屎肠球菌、粪肠球菌、阴沟肠杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌。其中耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）的分离率已达到65．23％,产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）的大肠杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌分别为58．20％和67．90％,革兰阳性（G^＋）球菌对万古霉素、替考拉宁的敏感率均保持在98％以上;肠杆菌科中大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、产酸克雷伯菌、阴沟肠杆菌对亚胺培南的敏感率均在90％以上;非发酵菌中铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌敏感率最高的是头孢哌酮舒巴坦。结论万古霉素、替考拉宁对G^＋球菌始终保持着高活性,未发现万古霉素耐药的葡萄球菌;碳青酶烯类仍然是对肠杆菌科细菌活性最好的药物;非发酵菌中铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌的耐药性不断增加,并出现了多重耐药菌株。     

2020年蚌埠医学院第一附属医院细菌耐药性监测

摘要：目的 通过对2020年蚌埠医学院第一附属医院临床分离菌分布及对抗菌药物的耐药性分析,为临床合理选择抗菌药物提供参考。方法 采用自动化仪器法、纸片扩散法(K-B法)或E-test方法对我院2020年临床分离的菌株进行药敏试验,按CLSI 2020版标准判断结果,WHONET5.6软件统计分析数据。结果 2020年我院临床共分离4209株细菌,其中革兰阳性菌1121株(26.6%,1121/4209),革兰阴性菌3088株(73.4%,3088/4209)株,前10位分离菌分别为：大肠埃希菌1093株(26.0%)、肺炎克雷伯菌565株(13.4%)、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌402株(9.6%)、鲍曼不动杆菌354株(8.4%)、铜绿假单胞菌345株(8.2%)、金黄色葡萄球菌313株(7.4%)、奇异变形杆菌132株(3.1%)、屎肠球菌122株(2.9%)、粪肠球菌94株(2.2%)和阴沟肠杆菌63株(1.5%)。金黄色葡萄球菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌中耐甲氧西林菌株的检出率分别为43.1%和66.2%,未检出耐万古霉素和利奈唑胺菌株。肠球菌属细菌中以屎肠球菌和粪肠球菌为主,屎肠球菌对大多数测试抗菌药物的耐药率高于粪肠球菌,检出少数耐万古霉素和利奈唑胺药的肠球菌。大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌中产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)菌株占各自菌的63.1%和31.2%,肺炎克雷伯菌亚胺培南和厄他培南耐药率分别为26.7%和26.4%,较我院2017年有所下降(P<0.01),其余肠杆菌目细菌对碳青霉烯类抗生素耐药率均小于10%。铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南耐药率为34.2%,对头孢吡肟、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、氨曲南、左氧氟沙星和阿米卡星的耐药率均小于30%。鲍曼不动杆菌对阿米卡星的耐药率为31.0%,亚胺培南耐药率为89.5%。流感嗜血杆菌产β-内酰酶检出率为60.7%。结论 临床分离菌对常见抗菌药物耐药情况较严重,耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌的检出率有所下降,但仍值得警惕,应重视细菌耐药监测,继续加强医院感染的防控,合理使用抗菌药物。     

某教学医院2014—2018年5年间血培养病原菌分布及耐药性变迁

目的 探讨我院2014—2018年5年间血培养病原菌的分布及耐药性变迁,为临床血流感染的诊治提供依据。方法 使用VITEK2 Compact 细菌鉴定系统和VITEK MS质谱仪器进行细菌鉴定,抗菌药物敏感性试验采用VITEK 2 Compact和K-B法进行检测,采用WHONET 5.6软件进行药敏结果的统计分析。结果 5年间血培养共检出病原菌11398株,其中革兰阴性菌占54.7%,革兰阳性菌占38.6%,真菌占6.7%,前5位分离菌分别是：大肠埃希菌(2517株,22.1%)﹑凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(1951株,17.1%)﹑肺炎克雷伯菌(1572株,13.8%)﹑金黄色葡萄球菌(698株,6.1%)和屎肠球菌(570株,5.0%)。5年间大肠埃希菌对亚胺培南的耐药率由1.1%上升至5.0%;肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南的耐药率由15.7%上升至56.1%;鲍曼不动杆菌对亚胺培南的耐药率平均高达88.1%;铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南的耐药率平均为20.8%,对哌拉西林/三唑巴坦﹑环丙沙星和阿米卡星的耐药率均在10%以下;2014—2018年血培养中耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的检出率分别为42.6%﹑50.0%﹑40.4%﹑47.5%和35.1%,平均检出率为42.6%。结论 我院血培养病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,细菌耐药性呈总体上升的趋势,碳青霉烯类耐药肺炎克雷伯菌的检出率显著升高,给临床用药带来极大挑战。     

某教学医院2014—2018年5年间血培养病原菌分布及耐药性变迁

目的 探讨我院2014—2018年5年间血培养病原菌的分布及耐药性变迁，为临床血流感染的诊治提供依据。方法 使用VITEK2 Compact 细菌鉴定系统和VITEK MS质谱仪器进行细菌鉴定，抗菌药物敏感性试验采用VITEK 2 Compact和K-B法进行检测，采用WHONET 5.6软件进行药敏结果的统计分析。结果 5年间血培养共检出病原菌11398株，其中革兰阴性菌占54.7%，革兰阳性菌占38.6%，真菌占6.7%，前5位分离菌分别是：大肠埃希菌(2517株，22.1%)﹑凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(1951株，17.1%)﹑肺炎克雷伯菌(1572株，13.8%)﹑金黄色葡萄球菌(698株，6.1%)和屎肠球菌(570株，5.0%)。5年间大肠埃希菌对亚胺培南的耐药率由1.1%上升至5.0%；肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南的耐药率由15.7%上升至56.1%；鲍曼不动杆菌对亚胺培南的耐药率平均高达88.1%；铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南的耐药率平均为20.8%，对哌拉西林/三唑巴坦﹑环丙沙星和阿米卡星的耐药率均在10%以下；2014—2018年血培养中耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的检出率分别为42.6%﹑50.0%﹑40.4%﹑47.5%和35.1%，平均检出率为42.6%。结论     

The resistance of recent clinical isolates against isepamycin, other aminoglycosides and injectable beta-lactams

Clinical isolates collected from clinical facilities across Japan in 1998 were tested against five aminoglycosides and three beta-lactams. The resistance of 50 strains each of methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter sp., Serratia sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus sp. (P. mirabilis 25 strains and P. vulgaris 25 strains) to the aminoglycosides isepamicin (ISP), amikacin (AMK), gentamicin, tobramycin and dibekacin, and to the beta-lactams imipenem, ceftazidime and piperacillin (all three known to be effective against P. aeruginosa) were investigated using a micro liquid dilution method with the following results: 1. ISP was effective against all strains except for 14% of MRSA, 2% of Proteus sp., and 4% of P. aeruginosa. 2. Six strains of MRSA were resistant to all eight drugs; however, in these cases ISP exhibited a relatively low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) compared to the other compounds. 3. Four strains of MRSA were resistant to all drugs except ISP. MRSA was the only isolate to demonstrate a resistance to seven or more drugs. 4. Twenty-one strains of MRSA and 1 strain of P. aeruginosa were resistant to six drugs; however, all of these were susceptible to both ISP and AMK. 5. Against all strains tested, ISP generally exhibited a lower MIC compared to AMK. These results suggest that, even ten years after its entering the market, ISP is still an aminoglycoside having a high anti-bacterial activity against a wide range of clinical isolates.