结核、血吸虫抗体快速联检方法的建立与应用

目的创建一种新的结核、血吸虫抗体快速联合检测方法,并评价其在疾病预防中的潜在应用价值。方法以血吸虫虫卵可溶性抗原（SEA）和结核分枝杆菌脂阿拉伯甘露糖（LAM）作为检测用抗原,分别点样在硝酸纤维素膜上,以胶体金-蛋白A结合物为检测标记物,采用自行设计的垂直流检测装置为抗原抗体反应体系．建立结核抗体、血吸虫抗体快速联合检测的金标免疫渗滤法（TB／Sj—DIGFA）;用TB／Sj—DIGFA检测肺结核病人、血吸虫病人、健康人及流动人口血清样本,以敏感性、特异性等指标考核其诊断价值及应用价值。结果TB／Sj—DIGFA检测36份肺结核病人血清和40份血吸虫病人血清的敏感性分别为94．4％（34／36）和100％（40／40）;检测50人份健康人血清,对结核病和血吸虫病的特异性分别为80．0％（40／50）和100％（50／50）。应用新创建的TB／Sj-DIGFA方法调查3120流动人口,查出结核抗体阳性675份,阳性率为21．6％（675／3120）,血吸虫抗体阳性38人份．阳性率为1．22％（38／3120）。结论TB／Sj—DIGFA检测结核和血吸虫抗体具有较高的敏感性和特异性。该方法一次操作可同时完成结核和血吸虫2项特异性抗体测定,检测效率高,可节省大量人力和物力。     

结核分枝杆菌多抗原蛋白芯片对儿童结核病的诊断价值

目的探讨结核分枝杆菌（MTB）多抗原蛋白芯片对儿童结核病的诊断价值。方法选取2005年4月至2006年4月在首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院诊断为结核病的住院患儿作为结核病组。选取同期住院，患感染性疾病，同时除外结核病的患儿作为非结核病组；选取体检纯化蛋白衍生物（PPD）试验阳性，既往无结核病史，无明显结核中毒症状，胸部影像学及腹部B超检查未见结核病灶的儿童作为结核感染组；选取同期行健康体检，卡疤试验阳性，无基础疾病，无结核接触史的儿童为健康对照组。各组留取血清标本。计算结核病组PPD试验阳性率及细菌学检查阳性率。应用MTB多抗原蛋白芯片同时检测标本中脂阿拉伯甘露糖（LAM）、相对分子质量16000和38000蛋白IgG抗体，通过蛋白芯片阅读仪判断结果，其中任意1种或1种以上抗体检测阳性，即判为蛋白芯片检测阳性。分别计算各组抗体检测阳性率，并计算该方法检测儿童结核病的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值等指标。应用Logistic回归及，检验分析蛋白芯片检测阳性率与患儿年龄、病程、抗结核治疗时间、激素使用以及结核病类型的关系。结果研究期间共纳入结核病组79例，非结核病组33例，结核感染组15例，健康对照组30例。蛋白芯片检测结核病组的阳性率为34．2％（27／79），低于PPD试验阳性率（84．8％，67／79），高于细菌学检查阳性率（12．7％，10／79）。在非结核病组阳性率为6．1％（2／33），结核感染组和健康对照组阳性率为0。蛋白芯片检测结核病组的灵敏度为34．2％，特异度为97．4％。阳性预测值93．1％，阴性预测值58．5％。Logistic回归发现蛋白芯片检测阳性率仅与病程相关，且随病程延长而阳性率升高。病程〈1个月，蛋白芯片检测阳性率为18．8％（6／32），病程在～3个月，蛋?     

123例初治涂阳肺结核患者抗结核抗体阳性率分析

目的 探讨血清抗结核抗体诊断肺结核的敏感性以及肺结核患者病情及其它机体因素对抗结核抗体阳性率的影响。方法 采用酶联免疫吸附法检测痰结核菌培养为人型或牛型结核分枝杆菌的初治涂阳肺结核患者共123例的血清抗结核抗体，分析抗结核抗体阳性率并将检验结果与患者性别、年龄、病变范围、空洞情况、病程、合并症、痰菌量、菌型等的关系进行统计学分析。结果 初治涂阳肺结核患者血清抗结核抗体总阳性率为46．3％；30岁或以下、30至60岁及60岁或以上患者抗结核抗体阳性率分别为34、8％、59，3％和37．0％（P〈0．05）；伴空洞形成和无空洞患者抗结核抗体阳性率分别为56．6％和38，6％（P〈0．05）；而其它各因素对抗结核抗体阳性率均无显著性影响（P〉0．05）。结论 检测患者血清抗结核抗体诊断肺结核的敏感性较低。肺结核患者病情和机体因素对抗结核抗体阳性率的影响主要表现在30-60岁年龄组患者阳性率高于其他年龄组、有空洞形成者高于无空洞者。     

对儿童肺炎支原体特异性抗体的实验室检测及方法学分析

目的对呼吸道感染患者进行肺炎支原体检测，以期协助临床早诊断早治疗，并对常用检测方法进行分析。方法对1060例呼吸道感染者同时做冷凝集试验并用。结果1060例呼吸道感染者，检出Mp特异性抗体阳性201例，阳性率18、9％。（3岁、-6岁、-14岁、〉14岁4个年龄组Mp特异性抗体阳性率分别为8、7％（28／320）、23．5％（95／402）、33．1％（71／214）、5．6％（7／124）。在201例临床诊为Mp感染的病例中，抗-Mp—IgG阳性131例，敏感性63.5％，抗-Mp—IgM阳性177例，敏感性85．9％例，冷凝集实验阳性99例，敏感性48．1％，抗-Mp—IgM敏感性较冷凝集实验高（P〈0.05）。结论间接免疫荧光法检测血清Mp抗体是目前较稳定可靠的检测方法，可作为早期诊断Mp感染的指标之一。     

第二代抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体的检测在类风湿关节炎诊断中的意义

目的探讨抗环瓜氮酸肽（CCP）抗体的检测在类风湿关节炎（RA）诊断中的价值。方法ELISA法分别检测108例RA、89例非RA（其它风湿病患者）和78例健康体检者的抗CCP抗体；用间接免疫荧光法和速率散射比浊法检测抗角蛋白抗体（AKA）和类风湿因子（RF），分析CCP抗体的水平及与AKA、RF的相关性。结果抗CCP抗体的阳性率在RA中为87．4％（94／108），在非RA中为8．99％（8／89），正常人为0％（0／78）。3种抗体对RA诊断的敏感性和特异性分别为CCP87．4％、91．01％，AKA58．33％，82．24％，RF81．36％、75．35％。CCP抗体与AKA在RA患者血清中的阳性率之间差异非常显著，与RF差异不显著。3种方法的检测结果间存在相关性。结论用ELISA法检测血清中CCP抗体简便、结果可靠，对RA诊断具有高度的敏感性和特异性。     

输卵管妊娠组织中三种病原体（CT、UU、CMV）核酸检测研究

输卵管妊娠是妇产科领域常见的腹症。感染仍被认为是输卵管妊娠的高危因素。本文研究目的是应用PCR技术，回顾性地检测38份输卵管妊娠患者输卵管及绒毛组织中沙眼衣原体（CT），解脲支原体（UU）及巨细胞病毒（CMV），研究输卵管妊娠与3种病原体感染的关系。结果显示：输卵管妊娠组CT，UU及CMV姑绒毛组织中检出率依次为16％（6／38）、29％（11／38）、84％（32／38），输卵管组织中分别为18％（7／38）、45％（17／38）、81％（31／38）显著高于正常组，两者有显著性差异（P＜0．05）。结论：输卵管妊娠与CT，UU，CMV感染有密切关系，而且这种感染以混合性感染为多见。     

系统性红斑狼疮患者自身抗体检测及意义

目的：探讨自身抗体在系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）中的意义。方法：采用放射免疫分析检测50例SLE患者血清中的抗双链DNA（dsDNA）抗体,采用德国IMTEC公司抗核抗体谱线性印迹法检测抗核小体抗体（AnuA）、抗组蛋白抗体（AHA）、抗StuD1等其他自身抗体。结果：抗StuD1阳性率最高（82％）,其次是抗R060KD抗体（80％）和AunA（72％）;抗dsDNA、AHA、抗U1-RNP、抗R052KD、抗SSB的阳性率分别为44％、32％、58％、48％、24％。其他三种自身抗体阳性率很低。结论：SLE患者血清中可出现大量的自身抗体,同时检测多种自身抗体能提高对SLE的鉴别诊断。     

幽门螺旋菌63KD抗原的提纯及其临床意义

本文报道用Sephadex凝胶过滤法提纯63KD蛋白质,并以其为抗原,采用ELISA法与酸提取混合抗原比较其特异性,并探讨其临床诊断价值。通过对99名患者及32名对照者血清IgG进行检测发现:血清IgG抗体水平与HP的检出是一致的;用酸提取抗原检测抗体阳性的97人中,血清抗体经空肠弯曲菌吸收后有10人转阴,而用63KD抗原检测仅有7人转阴;以63KD为抗原ELISA法的敏感性、特异性分别为89.9％和96.9％,比酸提取抗原的特异性强。但本试验未能证实63KD抗原是幽门螺旋菌最特异性抗原。     

结核分枝杆菌相关IFN-γ释放试验在结核病诊断及疗效监测中的应用

目的：目的：探讨结核分枝杆菌相关γ-干扰素释放试验（TB-IGRA）在结核病诊断及临床抗结核治疗效果评价中的应用价值。方法：对196例临床确诊结核患者进行相关病史收集，同时进行TB-IGRA、结核菌素皮肤试验、结核杆菌培养、涂片镜检、结核抗体检测，结核患者的治疗过程中按用药疗程（初治患者第2、5、6个月，复治患者第2、5、8个月）对其进行随访，在治疗结束后6个月和1年后各随访一次，比较TB-IGRA与结核菌素皮肤试验在治疗过程中的变化。结果：确诊结核病例196例，其中肺结核158例，肺外结核38例，TB-IGRA在结核诊断中灵敏度为82．1％，特异性为91．7％，阳性预测值为93．1％，阴性预测值为79．3％，与传统实验室检查方法相比有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。在结核患者的抗结核治疗过程中，TB-IGRA阳性率及浓度水平治疗前与治疗后2、6月以及复治后2、5、8月比较显著下降（P〈0．01），TB—IGRA水平与结核分枝杆菌数量存在较好相关性，与传统的TST方法评估疗效相比有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论：TB-IGRA在结核诊断中敏感性和阳性预测值较高，可作为较好的结核诊断的依据，同时TB-IGRA对肺外结核的灵敏度较高，为肺外结核患者的诊断提供了较为可靠的依据，通过治疗过程TB—IGRA检测分析，外周血TB-IGRA的变化随着抗结核治疗的进程下降的趋势明显，与结核涂片镜检结果符合率较高，是临床疗效评估较为理想的指标。     

斑点ELISA与环幼沉淀试验诊断旋毛虫病的研究

目的比较斑点ELISA法（Dot—ELISA）和玻片环幼沉淀试验（CPT）检测感染旋毛虫大鼠血清抗体的敏感性和特异性。方法采用Dot-ELISA和CPT两种免疫学诊断技术检测实验感染旋毛虫大鼠血清特异性抗体。结果Dot．ELISA和CPT法检测阳性率分别为97．5％和95．O％,差异无统计学意义（x2=0．3463,P〉0．05）。同时用此两种血清学方法检测正常大鼠、斯氏狸殖吸虫感染大鼠、日本血吸虫感染兔及蛔虫病人血清,除1例蛔虫病人CPT阳性外,其他均为阴性。从第2周开始旋毛虫感染大鼠Dot—ELISA和CPT均能测出抗体,第5周达高峰。结论Dot．ELISA和CPT对旋毛虫特异性IgG抗体的检测均有较好的敏感性和特异性。     

Incidence of listeriosis in Barcelona,Spain, in 1990

A population-based register of cases of listeriosis admitted to acute-care hospitals has been established in Barcelona, Spain, in order to estimate the basal incidence of sporadic cases and to facilitate epidemiological surveillance of potential epidemics. Eleven acute-care hospitals reported all cases of listeriosis to a central unit following a standardized protocol. During 1990, 31 patients with listeriosis were identified, 18 of whom were residents of the city, resulting in an annual incidence of 10.95 cases per million inhabitants. Twelve of the 31 cases occurred in the period from July to September 1990, ten of them being community-acquired. The incidence of listeriosis was higher in elderly ( 65 years) and immunosuppressed persons. Forty-two percent of the cases were considered to be nosocomial infections. The overall mortality rate was 51.6 %. The incidence of listeriosis in the present study is one of the highest reported in the literature. A high sensitivity of the reporting system with good case identification techniques, or demographic and environmental characteristics related toListeria monocytogenes infection in our area, might be possible reasons for this geographic variation.C. Balado, Department of Microbiology, Hospital de la Creu Roja; J. Bosch, Department of Microbiology, Hospital de la Maternitat; J.M. Campos, Department of Microbiology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Esplugues de Llobregat; G. Domingo, Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Militar; E. Gimeno, Department of Microbiology, Institut d'Urologia i Andrologia; M. Morta, Department of Microbiology, Laboratori Municipal; L. Viñas, Department of Microbiology, Institut Universitari Dexeus.     

广西环江县毛南族老年女性头发中钙等6种元素的含量

目的了解广西环江县毛南族老年女性头发中6种元素的含量。方法采用原子吸收光谱法检测132例毛南族老年女性头发中钙、锌、锰、铜、铝、锶6种元素的含量,并用SPSS统计软件进行统计分析。结果①钙、锌、锰、铜、铝、锶6种元素的含量(μg/g)的平均值分别为:608.08±190.92、126.28±21.27、4.69±2.10、10.64±2.09、25.05±12.81、2.71±1.71。②钙、锌、铜的含量随年龄增长而下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),锰、铝、锶元素的含量各年龄组间,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论环江毛南族老年女性头发中钙、锌、铜元素含量有明显的年龄差异,锰、铝、锶元素的含量无年龄差异。     

Mutations in gyrA,gyrB, parC,and parE in quinolone-resistant strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Mutations in the genes for the subunits GyrA and ParC of the target enzymes DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV are important mechanisms of resistance in quinolone-resistant bacteria, including Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The target enzymes also consist of the subunits GyrB and ParE, respectively, though their role in quinolone-resistance has not been fully investigated. We sequenced the quinolone-resistance-determining regions (QRDR) of gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE in 25 ciprofloxacin-resistant strains from Bangladesh (MIC 4-->32 mg/l) and 5 susceptible strains of N. gonorrhoeae. All the resistant strains had three or four mutations. Two of these were at positions 91 and 95 of gyrA. Fourteen strains had an additional mutation in parC at position 91, and 17 strains had an additional mutation in parE in position 439. No alterations were found in gyrB. The five susceptible strains had identical DNA sequences. Data indicate that the mutations detected in the QRDR of gyrA and parC may be important in the development of quinolone resistance. According to transformation experiments we assume that the alteration in parE is not related to a high degree of quinolone resistance. There was no correlation between ciprofloxacin MICs and pattern or number of mutations in the target genes.     

Secretion of salivary immunoglobulin a in relation to age,saliva flow,mood states,secretion of albumin,cortisol, and catecholamines in saliva

Salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) is one characteristic humoral factor of the local immune system in the upper respiratory tract. Epidemiological studies emphasize the importance of secretory IgA in the protection from infections of the upper respiratory tract. However, due to high interindividual variability of secretion of salivary IgA, it remains difficult to define normal ranges. This series of studies focused on identification of factors influencing basal secretion of salivary IgA. The results indicate a significant relationship between age and salivary IgA concentration. Children below 7 years have lower salivary IgA concentration than children above 7 years or adults. Furthermore, a significant inverse relationship between saliva flow and salivary IgA concentration was found. Gender, mood states, salivary albumin, salivary catecholamines, and salivary cortisol were not associated with salivary IgA. It can be concluded that for defining normal ranges of salivary IgA, age and saliva flow have to be considered.     

Overexpression of peroxiredoxins I, II, III, V, and VI in malignant mesothelioma

Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are a recently characterized group of thiol-containing proteins with efficient antioxidant capacity, capable of consuming hydrogen peroxide in living cells. Altogether six distinct Prxs have been characterized in mammalian tissues. Their expression was investigated in histological samples of mesothelioma and in cell lines established from the tumours of mesothelioma patients. Four cases with histopathologically healthy pleura from non-smokers were used as controls. Healthy pleural mesothelium was negative or very weakly positive for all Prxs. In mesothelioma, the most prominent reactivity was observed with Prxs I, II, V, and VI. Prx I was highly or moderately expressed in 25/36 cases, the corresponding figures for Prxs II-VI being 27/36 (Prx II), 13/36 (Prx III), 2/36 (Prx IV), 24/36 (Prx V), and 30/36 (Prx VI). Positive staining was observed both in the cytosolic and the nuclear compartment, with the exception of Prx III, which showed no nuclear reactivity. The staining pattern of Prxs III and V was granular. Immunoelectron microscopic localization of Prxs was in accordance with the immunohistochemical findings, showing diffuse cytoplasmic localization for Prxs I, II, IV, and VI and distinct mitochondrial labelling for Prxs III and V. There was no significant association between the extent of staining and different Prxs. It appeared that Prxs may not have prognostic significance, but being prominently expressed in most mesotheliomas these proteins, at least in theory, may play a role in the primary drug resistance of this disease.     

Differences in Intraepithelial Lymphocytes in the Proximal,Middle, Distal Parts of Small Intestine,Cecum, and Colon of Mice

We have previously reported the regional differences in the intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) present in the small intestine of mice. In this study, we further investigated these differences on the basis of our previous findings and studied the entire intestine, including the cecum and colon. Most of the significant differences in phenotypic compositions were found between the small and large intestines, although some differences were found among the different parts of the small and large intestines. In particular, the composition of the subsets in αβ T cells and γδ T cells clearly differed between the small and large intestines. For example, in αβ T cells, the percentages of double negative (DN) and CD8αα⁺ cells were higher in the large intestine, that of CD8αβ⁺ cells was higher in the small intestine, and those of CD4⁺ and CD4⁺ CD8αα⁺ double positive (DP) cells were higher in the distal part of the small intestine. In γδ T cells, the percentage of CD8αα⁺ cells was higher in the small intestine and that of DN cells was higher in the large intestine. These results indicate that the differences between IELs in the small and large intestines are discontinuous.     

Advances in mechanisms of asthma, allergy, and immunology in 2010

2010 was marked by rapid progress in our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation and asthma. Studies published in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology described advances in our knowledge of cells associated with allergic inflammation (mast cells, eosinophils, dendritic cells, and T cells), as well as IgE, cytokines, receptors, signaling molecules, and pathways. Studies used animal models, as well as human cells and tissues, to advance our understanding of mechanisms of asthma, eosinophilic esophagitis, food allergy, anaphylaxis and immediate hypersensitivity, mast cells and their disorders, atopic dermatitis, nasal polyposis, and hypereosinophilic syndromes. Additional studies provided novel information about the induction and regulation of allergic inflammation and the genetic contribution to allergic inflammation. Critical features of these studies and their potential effects on human atopic disorders are summarized here.