Pericardial catheter sclerosis versus surgical procedures for pericardial effusions in cancer patients

BACKGROUND: Approximately 21% of patients with advanced malignancies have cardiac or pericardial involvement with tumor. Controversy exists regarding the optimal approach to the pericardial space when hemodynamic compromise due to effusions occurs. METHODS: A six-year retrospective review of 59 cancer patients with pericardial effusions. RESULTS: Thirty-six patients had subxiphoid pericardial window (SXPW) alone (Group A), 5 had pericardial catheter drainage (PCD) followed by a SXPW (Group B), 10 had PCD with sclerosis (Group C), 5 had PCD alone (Group D), 2 had PCD with pericardial-pleural window (Group E), and one had pericardial-peritoneal window (Group F). The method of procedure, complications, number of hospital and ICU days, cytological or pathologic evidence of malignancy, solid versus hematological tumors, and survival were analyzed. The median survival for those patients in group C was one month compared to 4 months for Group A and 6 months for Group B. Essentially, results were similar regardless of method performed with the exception that professional and hospital charges averaged $4830 for SXPW compared to $1625 for PCD. CONCLUSIONS: Pericardial catheter drainage and sclerosis provides a viable option for the treatment of pericardial effusions in selected cancer patients at markedly reduced cost and patient discomfort.     

Regional injection of 5-fluorouracil and starch microspheres in colorectal cancer

Experiments were undertaken to examine the effect of degradable starch microspheres (DSM) on the local distribution of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) given by mesenteric arterial injection. Tritiated 5-FU (200 microCi) was injected into the inferior mesenteric artery of 8 perfused specimens of human large bowel containing adenocarcinoma and the concentration of 5-FU in local tissues and venous effluent was measured by scintillation counting. Metabolites of 5-FU were detected by radiochromatography. DSM (6 X 10(7)/mean diameter 40 micron) were injected in suspension with 5-FU (n = 7) and separately: before (n = 7) and after 5-FU (n = 7). Specimens given DSM retained 20% more cytotoxic than specimens given 5-FU alone (p less than 0.05). The concentration of 5-FU in tissues next to the primary tumour was increased when DSM were given in suspension with 5-FU, but higher concentrations were obtained when DSM were given last (p less than 0.05). Low concentrations were produced when DSM were given first. Concentrations in tumour tissue were not significantly increased by DSM.     

Intra-Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy With Angiotensin-II for Locally Advanced and Nonresectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Further Evaluation and Prognostic Implications

Background: For locally advanced and nonresectable cancer of the pancreas, we performed intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy with angiotensin-II (AT-II). In our preliminary report, this treatment resulted in a median of 14 months of survival without objective adverse effects. This study was designed to clarify the prognostic factor in this chemotherapy by using a larger number of cases.Methods: For 32 patients, intra-arterial chemotherapy was performed: 1 or 2 catheters were intraoperatively placed into the pancreas-supplying arteries. The tissue blood flow and its change by AT-II infusion were determined. For intra-arterial chemotherapy, a mixture of methotrexate (50 or 100 mg/m²) and AT-II (.4 g/kg/hour) was repeatedly infused from the catheter, mainly at our outpatient clinic.Results: With our intra-arterial chemotherapy, the median survival period was 13 months. The median survival period was 19 months in patients without coexisting pancreatitis but was only 9 months in those with it (P = .0003). The presence or absence of coexisting fibrosis in the neighboring uninvolved pancreas offered the only prognostic indicator. The blood flow in cancerous tissue was increased during AT-II infusion, and this was characteristic in the patients whose neighboring uninvolved pancreas had normal parenchyma (nonatrophic) or higher blood flow before AT-II infusion.Conclusions: Because the AT-II infusion played a role in shifting the blood flow from the surrounding uninvolved pancreas to the cancer tissues, we can speculate that cancer tissues might have thereby received a higher dose of anticancer drugs if the surrounding uninvolved pancreas had been nonfibrotic and more rich in tissue blood flow.     

进展期胃癌术中应用氟尿嘧啶缓释剂间质化疗的临床疗效

目的评价进展期胃癌根治术中植入5-FU缓释剂间质化疗的临床疗效和安全性。方法 102例进展期胃癌患者(术前均经胃镜和病理检查确诊)随机分为治疗组和对照组,各51例。2组均行D2根治术,治疗组在手术结束时局部植入5-FU缓释剂进行间质化疗,术后4周进行6个周期常规化疗;对照组术中不进行腹腔内干预性治疗,术后化疗方案同治疗组。结果 2组患者的腹腔引流量、白细胞水平、白蛋白水平及消化道不良反应方面的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);中位随访时间为28个月,治疗组肿瘤局部复发率低于对照组(16.3%比39.1%,P<0.05),治疗组术后3年的总生存率高于对照组(85.8%比67.3%,P<0.05)。结论进展期胃癌行D2根治术时植入5-FU缓释剂进行间质化疗无明显不良反应,能减少局部复发率,提高患者生存率,是治疗胃癌行之有效的方法。     

Results of regional portal infusion of 5-fluorouracil in patients with primary and secondary liver cancer.

The survival of 47 patients with liver malignancies treated with continuous portal infusion of fluorouracil (5-FU) has been studied. 18 of them had been treated initially by hepatic artery ligation. Total mean survival was 9.4 months. Patients treated with hepatic artery ligation + 5-FU lived longer (mean 10.8 months) than those treated with 5-FU alone (7.4 months). The survival was longer than could be expected for patients treated for primary liver cancer or for liver metastases from colo-rectal cancer, when compared with the "untreated" group. It is concluded that continuous portal infusion of 5-FU appears to prolong survival in some groups of patients with malignant liver tumours. However, the influence of "unspecific, general" therapy is difficult to evaluate.     

Antibiotic prophylaxis in oesophageal surgery.

A prospective randomised study to assess the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in oesophageal surgery was performed, in which 226 consecutive patients (113 male and 113 female, age range 24-86 years, mean age of 65 years) were included. The study patients were in two groups: group 1, in which the upper alimentary tract was opened during surgery, and group 2, in which it was not. The group 1 patients (n = 129) were randomised to one of three antibiotic prophylaxis regimes prior to surgery. Group A patients (n = 42) were treated with cefuroxime (CFX) 1.5 g at induction of anaesthesia and then CFX 750 mg b.i.d. for 4 days. Group B patients (n = 46) were treated with CFX 1.5 g and metronidazole (MTR) 1.0 g at induction of anaesthesia, then CFX 750 mg b.i.d. and MTR 500 mg qds for 4 days. Group C (n = 41) treated with CFX 1.5 g and MTR 1.0 g at the induction of anaesthesia. Group 2 (n = 97) was divided into two groups, group D (n = 47) treated with CFX 1.5 g on induction of anaesthesia alone. Group E (n = 50) treated with CFX 1.5 g on induction of anaesthesia then CFX 750 mg bd for 2 days. We found a significantly higher incidence of infective complications in subgroup C (43.9%) and subgroup A (21.4%) compared to subgroup B (8.6%). This difference was most marked in patients undergoing oesophagectomy. We found significantly higher infection rates of infective complications in subgroup D (10.6%) as compared to subgroup E (2%).     

The role of oxygen-derived free radicals in peritoneal adhesion formation induced by ileal ischaemia/reperfusion

The effectiveness of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and allopurinol in prevention of peritoneal adhesion formation induced by complete vascular obstruction and reperfusion of an ileal segment was investigated in rats. The ischaemic period was 30 min. Group A (n = 20) were controls, group B (n = 15) received SOD 15,000 U/kg i.v. and group C (n = 17) the same dose of CAT immediately before induction of ischaemia. In group D (n = 20) DMSO 20 mg/kg was given i.v. 5 min before ischaemia, and group E (n = 20) received allopurinol orally 50 mg/kg daily for 2 days and also 2 hours before ischaemia. Ten days later adhesions had developed in 80% of group A, 40% of group B, 47% of group C and 45% of groups D and E (p less than 0.05). The severity of the adhesions was significantly less in the pretreated groups than in the controls. Oxygen-derived free radicals may be pathogenetically important for such adhesion formation. Xanthine oxidase is the principal source of oxygen radicals after a 30-min period of complete regional intestinal ischaemia.     

大网膜防止聚丙烯网片与腹腔脏器粘连的实验研究

目的:探讨大网膜防止聚丙烯网片与腹腔脏器粘连的作用及其丧失保护作用的原因。方法:1.动物实验:将雄性Wistar大鼠分为5组:(A)大网膜复盖组(n=15);(B)无大网膜复盖组(n=15);(C)大网膜切除组(n=15);(D)大网复盖 伤口葡萄球菌种植组(n=15);(E)大网膜切除组 伤口葡萄球菌种植组(n=15)。结果:D、E组动物术后死亡率明显高于A、B、C组(P<0.05)。术后1个月,D和E组粘连评分明显高于A、B、C组(P<0.05),术后2个月和3个月各组间粘连评分无显著性差别(P>0.05),但A和B组均为网膜与网片粘连,而D和E组则主要为肠管或肝脏参与粘连,C组为部分肠管或肝脏与网片粘连。结论:在无感染情况下大网膜具有防止腹腔脏器与网片粘连的作用,而感染后大网膜则失去保护作用,同样发生网片与腹腔脏器间的严重粘连。     

氟尿嘧啶类药物在结、直肠癌术后化疗中副反应的比较

目的 比较5-FU、氟铁龙、希罗达3种氟尿嘧啶类药物在结、直肠癌术后化疗中的副反应。方法 64例结肠、直肠癌术后病例分成3组:分别采用静脉滴注5-FU/CF、口服氟铁龙/CF和口服希罗达方案。观察3组病例在化疗过程中出现的副反应及其程度。结果 5-FU/CF组副反应主要为骨髓抑制(34.6％)、恶心(23％)、呕吐(11.5％)。氟铁龙/CF组副反应主要为腹泻(55％)、口炎(25％)和手足综合征(10％)。希罗达组副反应主要为腹泻(28％)、手足综合征(38.9％)和口炎(16.6％)。结论 3种化疗方案均可导致不同程度的副反应,尤其是氟铁龙/CF方案的胃肠道反应发生率高,且程度较重。     

腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术并脐静脉置泵化疗预防术后肝转移的临床研究

目的:研究腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术后经脐静脉化疗泵持续灌注5-FU对减少术后肝转移、提高远期疗效的作用.方法:为106例患者行腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术,随机分为脐静脉化疗组(研究组,n =53)和对照组(n=53).研究组术中经脐静脉向门静脉插管,术后即从脐静脉化疗泵持续给予5-FU 1g/d,连续7d.对比分析两组近期并发症...     

多聚酶链反应检测细菌DNA对大鼠空、回肠吻合口瘘的早期诊断价值

目的:探讨PCR检测大鼠外周血及腹水中细菌DNA对空肠-空肠、回肠-回肠吻合口瘘的早期诊断价值。方法:健康Wistar雌性大鼠50只，随机分成5组，每组10只：A组为假手术组;B组为空肠-空肠吻合组;C组为空肠吻合口瘘组;D组为回肠-回肠吻合组;E组为回肠吻合口瘘组。采集手术前后外周血及术后腹水，抽提DNA, 比较lacZ基因和16SrRNA基因的PCR阳性率，并观察各组的病理学情况。结果:（1）C，E组术后外周血lacZ基因PCR阳性率与B，D组无显著性差异（P>0.05）;C，E组术后外周血16SrRNA基因PCR阳性率显著高于B，D组（P<0.05）。（2）C，E组腹水lacZ基因和16SrRNA基因PCR阳性率均显著高于B，D组（P<0.05）。（3）C，E组腹水lacZ基因阳性率显著高于外周血（P<0.05）;C，E组腹水16SrRNA基因阳性率与外周血无显著性差异（P>0.05）。结论:（1）PCR检测术后外周血16SrRNA基因对空、回肠吻合口瘘的早期诊断有一定意义;（2）检测术后腹水lacZ基因和16SrRNA基因对空肠-空肠、回肠-回肠吻合口瘘的早期诊断也有一定意义。     

Chemotherapy for advanced bladder cancer: clinical evaluation of chemotherapy for locally advanced or metastatic bladder cancer and adjuvant chemotherapy for deeply invasive bladder cancer following radical cystectomy

Sixteen patients with locally advanced or metastatic bladder cancer were treated with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (cis-DDP) alone or in combination with other drugs. Eight patients were given cis-DDP intravenously, 6 patients intraarterially and 2 by both methods. Seven patients (44%) showed a partial response, 2 showed a minor response and 4 remained unchanged. Of the 6 patients treated with arterial infusion, 3 achieved a partial response while only 2 of the 8 patients administered intravenously showed a partial response. Eight patients with deeply invasive bladder cancer were treated with cis-DDP alone or in combination with other drugs following radical cystectomy. Cis-DDP was administered every week for 3 courses and every month for 12 courses at a dose of 50 mg and cis-DDP, adriamycin and 5-FU (CAF) were administered at 3 weeks interval for 3 courses and every month for 12 courses. All patients in this group were alive with a median survival of 20 months. One patient had a recurrence 5 months postoperatively. Adjuvant chemotherapy with cis-DDP or their combination was effective. Toxicity was generally tolerable.     

奥沙利铂联合5-FU术前动脉化疗对进展期胃癌的临床疗效

目的：探讨进展期胃癌患者术前用奥沙利铂（OXA）联合5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）行区域性动脉灌注化疗的临床效果。
方法：48例Ⅱ期以上胃癌患者,术前行区域性动脉灌注化疗（A组）,方案为OXA 130 mg/m+ 5-FU 750 mg/m,经股动脉插管行区域冲击化疗1次,8～12 d后接受手术。同期另48例相同临床分期的胃癌患者直接行手术治疗（B组）。两组术后均接受OXA /甲酰四氢叶酸钙/5- FU方案化疗6个周期,观察两组的毒副反应、手术并发症和临床疗效。
结果：A组有38例（79.2%）获得根治性切除;镜检32例（66.7%）出现组织病理学改变,如肿瘤组织坏死、淋巴细胞炎性浸润、癌细胞凋亡、以及间质水肿纤维组织增生等。B组有30例（62.5%）行根治性切除,根治切除率显著低于A组,两组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,且B组病理检查未出现上述变化。A组术前化疗的毒性反应均限于Ⅰ～Ⅱ级;两组的术后并发症无统计学差异。A组患者的中位生存期为36.0个月;1,2,3年总生存率分别为79.2%,62.5%和52.1%。B组中位生存期为21.5个月;1,2,3年总生存率分别为66.7%,45.8%和35.4%。A,B组比较,2年和3年总生存率差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。
结论：术前应用OXA/5-FU方案行区域性动脉灌注化疗可使肿瘤组织产生显著的组织病理学改变,有利于提高进展期胃癌根治性手术切除率及2,3年生存率。     

Bedeutung der Immunochemotherapie für das Überleben von Patienten mit metastasiertem Nierenzellkarzinom

The prognosis for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains unsatisfactory to date. Combined immunochemotherapy (ICT) strives for a synergistic effect avoiding a substantial increase of therapy-related adverse events. The combination therapy regimes consisting of either interferon-alpha-2a/vinblastine (IFN-alpha2a/VBL) or interferon-alpha-2a/interleukin-2/5-fluorouracil (IFN-alpha2a/IL-2/5-FU) demonstrated objective remission rates, surpassing the results obtained with the administration of single immunotherapeutic agents. Despite the data from a recently published study, the role of these two therapy combinations did not seem clearly defined. Therefore, we compared the impact of IFN-alpha2a/VBL and IFN-alpha2a/IL-2/5-FU on remission and survival as well as the safety profile in a retrospective study in patients with metastatic RCC.In a retrospective single-center study, 105 patients with metastatic RCC having received treatment between 1992 and 2002 with either s.c. IFN-alpha2a/ i.v. VBL ( n=70, group 1) or s.c. IFN-alpha2a/ s.c. IL-2/ i.v. 5-FU ( n=35, group 2) were evaluated. At a median follow-up of 17 months, remission and survival rates as well as the toxicity profiles of the respective groups were documented and compared.The median age throughout the entire patient population was 61 years. Patients in the IFN-alpha2a/VBL group reached a median overall survival of 20 months compared to 17 months for the patients in the IFN-alpha2a/IL-2/5-FU population ( p=0.850). The objective response rate in the first patient group reached 25.7%, whereas the tumor remission rate of group 2 amounted to 22.9% ( p=0.680). Patients showing an objective response reached a significantly higher survival rate than patients without response reaction (median survival was 36 vs 10 months, p=0.0001). The incidence of each therapy-induced adverse event was higher throughout the second treatment group. These differences were significant with respect to flu-like symptoms (85.7 vs 57.1%, p=0.003), grade 3/4 elevations of liver enzymes (14.3 vs 1.4%, p=0.007), nausea/vomiting (74.3 vs 50%, p=0.017), the severity of erythemas (74.3 vs 10%, p<0.001), and patients with lung edema (17.1 vs 2.9%, p=0.009). Eight patients discontinued the ICT, two of whom died of a myocardial infarction.Despite an overall limited prognosis, patients showing a tumor remission seem to benefit from ICT in terms of overall survival. While both treatment options offer comparable remission and survival rates, the IFN-alpha2a/VBL regimen induces fewer adverse events than the treatment with IFN-alpha2a/IL-2/5-FU.     

BMMSC输注对脐血CIK/NK细胞在荷瘤小鼠体内抗肿瘤效应的影响

目的 利用荷瘤小鼠来探讨不同的输注途径以及不同时间输注骨髓间充质干细胞( BMMSC)对脐血来源细胞因子诱导的杀伤(CIK)/自然杀伤(NK)细胞在体内抗肿瘤效应的影响。方法 NOD/SCID小鼠共56只,分为7组,每组小鼠经尾静脉输注K562细胞后12 h分别进行以下实验：同时经尾静脉输注人BMMSC+ CIK/NK细胞（A组）;经尾静脉相隔48 h分别输注人BMMSC和CIK/NK细胞（B组）;经小鼠胫骨骨髓腔输注入BMMSC,同时经尾静脉输注CIK/NK细胞(C组);经小鼠胫骨骨髓腔输注人BMMSC,48 h后经尾静脉输注CIK/NK细胞;经小鼠胫骨骨髓腔输注人BMMSC,48 h后经尾静脉输注CIK/NK细胞（E组）：较其他组延迟48 h经尾静脉输注CIK/NK细胞（F组）;除输注K562细胞外,不输注其他细胞（G组）。计算各组小鼠的生存曲线,检测小鼠外周血、骨髓、肝、脾和肺等脏器的肿瘤细胞负荷情况。结果 A、B、G组小鼠的存活时间短于C、D、E、F组(P＜0.05);A、B、G组间以及C、D、E、F组间小鼠的存活时间的差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);A、B、G组小鼠外周血、骨髓涂片中肿瘤细胞的比例高于C、D、E、F组(P＜0.05)。A、B、G组小鼠外周血、骨髓及肝、脾、肺组织匀浆中人肿瘤细胞标记CD33的表达率高于C、D、E、F组(P＜0.05);A、G组小鼠肝、脾、肺组织匀浆中CD33表达率高于B组(P＜0.05);C组小鼠肺组织匀浆中CD33表达率高于D组(P＜0.05)。结论 同部位注射BMMSC可明显抑制CIK/NK细胞在荷瘤小鼠体内的抗肿瘤作用,而分部位注射,则BMMS的抑制作用明显减弱。提前输入的BMMSC在体内仍会削弱CIK/NK细胞的抗肿瘤作用。     

Repeated hepatic intra-arterial chemotherapy based on results of anticancer drug sensitivity test in patients with synchronous hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer

OBJECTIVE: We determined whether hepatic intra-arterial infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in patients with synchronous hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer, in whom the primary lesion was resectable but hepatic metastatic lesions were non-resectable helped improve survival time when administered on the basis of the results of the anticancer drug sensitivity test. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study population consisted of 29 patients with synchronous hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer who underwent surgical resection of the primary lesion alone. Of these 29 patients, 21 received hepatic intra-arterial infusion of 5-FU postoperatively after the 5-FU sensitivity test. The remaining 8 patients underwent surgical resection of the primary lesion but neither sensitivity testing nor hepatic intra-arterial chemotherapy. Tissue fragments were cultured, with each concentration of 5-FU in the thermoreversible gelation polymer forming a three-dimensional structure at 37 degrees C. The viability of tumor cells was evaluated according to WST methods; inhibitory concentration of 50% (IC50) values were calculated. We considered cancer tissue to be sensitive to IC50 values that were below twice the peak plasma concentration (120 microg/ml). RESULTS: Of the 21 patients, 10 had sensitivity to 5-FU and 11 had no sensitivity. The response rates were 90.0% and 9.1%, respectively. The median survival times were 38 months and 10 months in these groups, respectively, and 7 months in patients who received no chemotherapy. This finding indicates a significantly longer survival time in the sensitive group, compared with either the insensitive group or the no chemotherapy group (P = .0014 P = .0023). The cumulative survival rate was significantly higher in the sensitive group compared with the insensitive group (P = .0001) CONCLUSIONS: Ultimately, the group with sensitivity to 5-FU showed a significantly longer median survival time than the insensitive group.     

Management of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer: Systemic chemotherapy

The current phase III studies of chemotherapy in advanced colorectal cancer include 60% to 85% of patients with the liver as a site of metastatic disease. Within the past 10 years, various modulatory combinations of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with agents such as leucovorin, interferon, N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate (PALA), and methotrexate have produced higher response rates than 5-FU alone. A major sevenarm study, conducted by the Southwestern Oncology Group and reported in 1995, suggested that singleagent, continuous-infusion 5-FU demonstrated the most encouraging results. Nine of 12 reported randomized studies comparing the combination of 5-FU and leucovorin with 5-FU alone report significant increases in response rates; two studies reported significant increases in survival. The meta-analysis project involving 1381 patients confirmed the increase in response rate with the combination (23%) vs. 5-FU alone (11%) but did not demonstrate any significant difference in median survival. The current issues involving 5-FU administration largely concentrate on the best approach (modulation vs. scheduling) and comprehensive evaluation of end points (quality of life, survival, and pharmacoeconomics). The current literature examining quality-of-life issues suggests that 5-FU and low-dose leucovorin produce the best overall improvement in symptoms. Others argue that continuous-infusion scheduling is also associated with a very good quality of life (although the increased cost and morbidity of continuous-infusion administration has to be factored into this consideration). An important phase III study is currently being conducted by the national Cancer Institute of Canada comparing immediate vs. delayed (until symptomatic) chemotherapy in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Of the new approaches to therapy, perhaps the most immediately applicable are the new thymidylate synthase inhibitors (in patrticular, Tomudex, which produces a response rate equivalent to that of 5-FU plus leucovorin with less toxicity and a more convenient schedule). Presented as part of the SSAT Consensus Conference on the Treatment of Hepatic Metastases From Colorectal Cancer, San Francisco, Calif., May 19–22, 1996.     

外磁场下磁性纳米C3转移酶载体在大鼠损伤脊髓中的分布

目的:观察施加外磁场后磁性纳米C3转移酶药物载体(简称载药微球)在大鼠损伤脊髓局部的分布情况,并观察不同时间作用的外磁场对该载体分布的影响。方法:构建载药微球,检测其粒径、Zeta电位,透射电镜观察形态、测定磁场顺应性及药物释放;MTT法测定其细胞毒性;观察体外培养条件下细胞的摄取情况。82只大鼠建立T10损伤模型(NYU法),随机分为5组:A组,经尾静脉注射异硫氰酸荧光素组,20只;B组,经尾静脉注射载药微球组,20只;C组,经尾静脉注射载药微球+外磁场15min组,20只;D组,经尾静脉注射载药微球+外磁场30min组,12只;E组,经尾静脉注射载药微球+外磁场1h组,10只。A、B、C组各取10只大鼠,经尾静脉注射1h后,取肝、肾、脾及T10为中心的脊髓组织做冰冻切片并观察载药微球在其中的分布;5组各10只大鼠经尾静脉注射1h后取T10为中心4cm脊髓组织,火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定铁含量;D组取2只大鼠,电镜观察载药微球在脊髓组织中分布。结果:载药微球分散性好,载药微球磁化强度饱和度值为63.5emu/g,载药微球缓慢释放药物且释药时间超过9d,载药微球与细胞共培养,细胞平均存活率为78.10%,与细胞共培养5s后能够在细胞内达到良好聚集效果。C组脊髓损伤中心荧光强度高于A、B组。C组脊髓铁元素含量高于A、B组,D组测定铁含量高于C组(P<0.05),E组测定铁含量高于C组(P<0.05),D组测定铁含量与E组无统计学意义(P>0.05)。电镜观察载药微球聚集在损伤中心,可进入神经细胞胞体内。结论:磁性纳米C3转移酶药物载体可靶向聚集在损伤区局部,载药微球可进入脊髓损伤区神经细胞内;损伤后施加外磁场30min,载药微球可达到最佳聚集效果。     

Adjuvant intraperitoneal 5-fluorouracil in high-risk colon cancer: A multicenter phase III trial

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of a prospective multicenter randomized study of adjuvant intraperitoneal 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) administered during 6 days shortly after resection of stages II and III colon cancers. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Systemic adjuvant chemotherapy improves the survival of patients with stage III colon cancer receiving treatment for 6 months. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy theoretically combines peritoneal and hepatic effects. METHODS: After resection, 267 patients were randomized into two groups. Patients in group 1 (n = 133) underwent resection followed by intraperitoneal administration of 5-FU (0.6 g/m2/day) for 6 days (day 4 to day 10). These patients also received intravenous 5-FU (1 g) during surgery. Patients in group 2 underwent resection alone (n = 134). RESULTS: In group 1, 103 patients received the total dose, 18 received a partial dose as a result of technical or tolerance problems, and 12 did not receive the chemotherapy. Rates of surgical death and complications were similar in both groups. Tolerance to treatment was excellent or fair in 97% of the patients and poor in 3%. After a median follow-up of 58 months, 5-year overall survival rates were 74% in group 1 and 69% in group 2; disease-free survival rates were 68% and 62%, respectively. Survival curves were superimposed until 3 years after treatment and began diverging thereafter. Among patients receiving the full treatment, the 5-year disease-free survival rate was improved in the treatment group in patients with stage II cancers but was unchanged in patients with stage III cancers. CONCLUSIONS: Chemotherapy with intraperitoneal 5-FU administered during a short period after surgery was well tolerated but was not sufficient to reduce the risk of death significantly. However, it reduced the risk of recurrence in stage II cancers. These results suggest that it should be associated with systemic chemotherapy to reduce both local and distant recurrences.