结直肠癌患者血清中血管内皮生长因子和一氧化氮表达水平及其临床意义

目的:探讨结直肠癌患者血清中血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和一氧化氮(NO)表达水平及其临床意义.方法:分别采用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法和分光光度法检测74例结直肠癌患者术前和45例结直肠腺瘤患者以及40例健康人血清中VEGF和NO的含量.结果:结直肠腺瘤患者血清VEGF和NO含量与健康人无明显差异(P＞0.05);结直肠癌患者血清VEGF和NO表达水平分别较结直肠腺瘤组以及健康人明显增高(P＜0.01),且结直肠癌浸润深度、有无淋巴结转移以及Dukes分期与血清VEGF和NO含量呈明显正相关(r=0.834,P＜0.01).结论:VEGF和NO与结直肠癌的发生发展密切相关,术前检测血清VEGF和NO含量可作为判断结直肠癌浸润转移以及Dukes分期的有效生物学指标.     

直肠癌根治术患者手术前后血清VEGF、PGE_2、COLⅣ表达水平变化及其临床意义

目的探讨直肠癌根治术患者手术前后血清血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、前列腺素E_2(PGE_2)、Ⅳ胶原(COLⅣ)表达水平变化及其临床意义。方法选取2012年1月至2014年6月湖北省郧西县人民医院收治的70例直肠癌患者,于术前术后采用双抗体夹心ELISA法检测VEGF、PGE_2、COLⅣ水平,并选取同期我院70例健康体检者,亦以双抗体夹心ELISA法检测VEGF、PGE_2、COLⅣ水平。结果直肠癌组术前及术后血清VEGF、PGE_2、COLⅣ水平均明显高于对照组(P 0. 05)。与术前比较,直肠癌组术后血清VEGF、PGE_2、COLⅣ水平均明显降低(P 0. 05)。直肠癌患者术前血清VEGF、PGE_2、COLⅣ水平与Duckes分期、肌层浸润深度、淋巴结转移、肿瘤最大径等有关(P 0. 05)。复发组较未复发组术前血清VEGF、PGE_2、COLⅣ水平均明显增高(P 0. 05);死亡组较生存组术前血清VEGF、PGE_2、COLⅣ水平均明显增高(P 0. 05)。结论直肠癌患者血清VEGF、PGE_2、COLⅣ水平较高,检测直肠癌患者手术前后血清VEGF、PGE_2、COLⅣ对手术疗效评估、预后判断有一定临床意义。     

胃癌组织与血清中VEGF和bFGF的表达意义

目的：研究胃癌患者血清和组织中VEGF,bFGF的表达与胃癌临床特征之间的关系,研究二者的相关性及组织和血清之间的相关性,探讨VEGF,bFGF在胃癌的发生、发展、侵袭和转移中的作用方法：应用酶联免疫技术(ABC-ELISA方法)检测73例胃癌患者术前血清和20例健康体检者血清中的VEGF,bFGF的表达水平,同时应用免疫组织化学染色方法检测癌组织和癌旁组织中VEGF,bFGF的表达．结果：胃癌患者术前血清VEGF,bFGF表达水平均明显高于健康体检者(YEGF：101．8±53．3 ng/L vs 16．1±22．5ng/L,P＜0．05；bFGF：152．9±42．7ng/L vs 25．0±11．4ng/L,P＜0．05)．胃癌患者术前血清VEGF,bFGF的表达水平均随胃癌的浸润深度、TNM分期、淋巴结转移、远处转移而增高(P＜0．05),而与年龄、性别及病理类型无关．胃癌组织VEGF的阳性表达率为71．2%,癌旁组织中VEGF均未见阳性表达,二者之间有显著性差异(X~2=32．1,P＜0．05)；胃癌组织中bFGF的阳性表达率为63．0%、癌旁组织中bFGF阳性表达率为(10%),二者之间亦有显著性差异(X~2=17．7,P＜0．05)．胃癌患者组织VEGF,bFGF的表达水平均与胃癌的浸润深度、TNM分期、淋巴结转移、远处转移有关(P＜0．05),而与年龄、性别及病理类型无关．胃癌患者血清VEGF的表达水平与血清bFGF的表达水平呈明显正相关(r=0．439,P＜0．01),胃癌患者组织VEGF的表达水平与组织bFGF的表达水平呈明显正相关(r=0．391,P＜0．01)；胃癌患者术前血清VEGF的表达水平与组织VEGF的表达呈正相关(r=0．346,P＜0．01),术前血清bFGF的表达水平与组织bFGF的表达呈正相关(r=0．304,P＜0．01),均有显著性差异．结论：VEGF,bFGF在胃癌的发生、发展、转移及预后起着重要的作用,有望成为胃癌术前诊断、术后随访、复发转移监测、评价抗血管生成药物疗效和化疗效果判定的新的肿瘤标志物．     

血管黏附分子在大肠癌组织中的表达及意义

目的 探讨血管黏附分子(VCAM-1)在大肠癌发生、发展中的作用.方法 用免疫组化SABC法检测65例大肠癌、16例大肠息肉和4例癌旁组织中VCAM-1的表达,酶联免疫吸附试验检测20例健康人、40 例大肠癌患者外周血可溶性VCAM-1(sVCAM-1)水平,分析VCAM-1 表达与大肠癌病理特征的关系.结果 大肠癌组织中VCAM-1阳性率明显高于大肠息肉和癌旁组织(P均<0.01),VCAM-1表达与大肠癌的侵袭深度及淋巴结转移相关.大肠癌患者外周血清sVCAM-1水平高于健康人(P<0.01),其中有淋巴结转移者明显高于无淋巴结转移者(P<0.01).结论 VCAM-1可促进大肠癌的发生、发展;sVCAM-1有望成为大肠癌早期诊断及判断转移的指标.     

老年食管癌患者外周血血管内皮生长因子的表达及其对放疗效果的影响

目的了解老年食管癌患者外周血血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达情况,分析VEGF对放疗效果的影响。方法 118例老年食管癌患者为观察组,42例健康体检者为对照组,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测老年食管癌患者血清VEGF表达水平。EORTC QLQ-C30量表评价不同VEGF表达水平食管癌患者的生存质量。结果老年食管癌患者血清VEGF表达水平较健康对照组显著增高(P0.05),但变化水平与性别和年龄无关。发生在食管上部和食管中下部患者的VEGF水平差异不显著(P0.05)。血清VEGF浓度随分化程度加剧、临床分期的进展和浸润深度加深明显增高(P0.01或P0.05)。具有淋巴结转移和远处转移的患者VEGF明显高于无淋巴结转移和远处转移患者(P0.01)。放疗前和治疗中40 Gy时,VEGF118.43 ng/L患者EORTC QLQ-C30量表指标与VEGF≤118.43 ng/L差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗结束及治疗后3、6和12个月时,VEGF118.43 ng/L患者躯体功能和社会功能及总体健康状况明显低于VEGF≤118.43 ng/L,而疲乏、恶心呕吐和疼痛等症状方面则明显增高(P0.01),但其他无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论老年食管癌患者血清VEGF表达水平显著增高,VEGF高表达负性影响放疗效果。     

老年大肠癌患者外周血CD44v5、CD44v6表达及化疗对其影响

目的　研究老年大肠癌患者外周血CD44v5、CD44v6表达水平与血行转移的关系及化疗对其影响。方法　应用流式细胞仪检测 49例老年大肠癌患者手术前外周血CD44变异体 (CD44v5、CD44v6)表达水平 ,与健康老年人及非老年大肠癌患者进行对照 ,并在应用化疗后观察黏附分子表达水平的变化。结果　老年大肠癌组外周血CD44v5、CD44v6的表达水平分别为 1 0 71± 5 44、1 4 62± 6 34 ,明显高于健康对照组 (P <0 0 1 ) ,与非老年大肠癌组比较无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5)。CD44v5、CD44v6的表达水平与老年大肠癌患者肿瘤大小、肿瘤浸润深度及淋巴结转移相关 ,老年大肠癌组肿瘤≥ 5cm、肿瘤浸润深度≥深肌层、淋巴结转移阳性患者外周血CD44v5、CD44v6的表达水平分别高于肿瘤 <5cm、肿瘤浸润深度 <深肌层、淋巴结转移阴性患者 (P <0 0 1、P <0 0 5、P <0 0 1 )。老年大肠癌患者化疗后外周血CD44v5、CD44v6表达水平较化疗前明显下降 (P<0 0 1 )。结论　黏附分子具有介导老年人大肠癌细胞血行转移的作用 ,化疗可降低老年大肠癌患者外周血CD44v5、CD44v6的表达水平 ,具有抗黏附和肿瘤转移作用     

血清CA_(125)检测对绝经后子宫内膜癌的临床应用价值

目的　探讨血清CA12 5检测对绝经后子宫内膜癌术前判定分期、深肌层浸润、淋巴结转移和术后监测复发的价值及其与组织学类型和病理学分级的关系。　方法　用酶联免疫分析方法检测 6 7例绝经后子宫内膜癌患者术前血清CA12 5水平。　结果　Ⅲ、Ⅳ期子宫内膜癌患者的CA12 5水平明显高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期 (P <0 0 1) ,血清CA12 5水平术前诊断晚期 (Ⅲ、Ⅳ期 )子宫内膜癌的敏感性和特异性分别为 87 5 %和 96 1% ;有深肌层浸润患者的CA12 5水平 (84 9U/ml)明显高于浅肌层浸润和无肌层浸润者 (分别为 15 6U/ml和 7 3U/ml,P <0 0 1) ,血清CA12 5水平术前诊断深肌层浸润的敏感性和特异性分别为 72 2 %和 93 9% ;有淋巴结转移患者的CA12 5水平明显高于无淋巴结转移组 (分别为 86 1U/ml和 14 8U/ml,P <0 0 1) ,血清CA12 5水平术前诊断盆腔淋巴结转移的敏感性和特异性分别为92 9%和 94 3% ;所有复发患者的血清CA12 5均为阳性 ;乳头状浆液性腺癌患者的血清CA12 5水平 (6 9 4U/ml)明显高于腺癌 (2 8 6U/ml) ;各病理学分级间血清CA12 5水平差异无显著性。　结论　血清CA12 5检测对绝经后子宫内膜癌患者术前判定临床分期、深肌层浸润、盆腔淋巴结转移以及术后监测复发具有一定的参考价值     

卵巢癌患者血清MMP-9、VEGF的变化及意义

目的　探讨卵巢癌患者血清基质金属蛋白酶 9(MMP 9)、血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)与肿瘤分期、病理分级及淋巴结转移的关系。方法　采用Sandwich 酶联免疫吸附试验双抗体夹心法 (ELISA)法检测 6 0例卵巢癌患者、38例健康女性血清中MM P与VEGF水平。结果　卵巢癌患者血清MMP 9与VEGF水平分别为70 0 12 μg/L和 115 8 2 8ng/L ,均显著高于对照组的 4 12 5 1μg/L和 74 6 6 5ng/L(P均 <0 0 1)。血清MMP 9、VEGF在Ⅲ、Ⅳ期卵巢癌患者显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期 (P <0 0 1) ,低分化癌患者显著高于中、高分化癌 (P <0 0 1) ,淋巴结转移阳性者MMP 9明显高于无淋巴结转移者 (P <0 0 1)。结论　卵巢癌患者血清MMP 9、VEGF水平显著升高 ,并与肿瘤的临床分期、病理分级及有无淋巴结转移有关 ,检测两者的血清水平有助于判断卵巢癌的预后。     

非小细胞肺癌患者血清血管内皮生长因子和一氧化氮的水平及临床意义

目的 研究非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者血清血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和一氧化氮(NO)水平的变化及其与临床分期和病理类型的关系.方法 NSCLC患者40例,对照组50例,采用酶联免疫吸附试验( ELISA)检测血清VEGF和NO的水平.结果 NSCLC组血清VEGF和NO水平显著高于对照组(P＜0.01);NSCLC组血清VEGF和NO两者之间呈明显正相关;NSCLC患者血清VEGF和NO水平随临床分期的递增而逐步升高,不同分期间比较VEGF和NO水平比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);不同病理类型的NSCLC患者血清的VEGF和NO水平比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 NSCLC患者的血清VEGF和NO表达水平对其临床分期和预后有重要意义.     

大肠癌患者血清癌胚抗原、血管内皮生长因子和基质金属蛋白酶-9的水平及意义

目的分析大肠癌患者血清癌胚抗原(CEA)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-9的水平及临床意义。方法选择60例大肠癌患者组成实验组,同期选择60例健康志愿者组成对照组,检测两组血清CEA、VEGF和MMP-9水平,比较大肠癌患者血清CEA、VEGF和MMP-9水平与健康人群的差异,分析三项指标与大肠癌患者病理特征的关系。结果实验组血清CEA、VEGF和MMP-9水平分别为(42. 50±6. 50)μg/L、(510. 40±78. 50) mg/L与(320. 40±65. 50) mg/L,均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0. 05)。实验组不同肿瘤大小、是否有淋巴转移及肿瘤部位比较,血清CEA、VEGF和MMP-9水平差异均无统计学意义(P0. 05),不同Duke分期及分化程度比较,三项指标水平差异均有统计学意义(P0. 05);经Spearman相关分析,实验组血清MMP-9水平与血清CEA、VEGF水平呈正相关(r=0. 605,r=0. 612,均P0. 05)。结论大肠癌患者血清CEA、VEGF和MMP-9的水平显著高于正常人群,具有不同Duke分期及分化程度等病理特征的患者,三项指标水平具有明显差异,有助于判断大肠癌的进展状况。     

Clinical significance of serum levels of CD44 variant exons 8–10 protein in colorectal cancer

We examined serum levels of a CD44 splice variant that contained variant exons 8–10 (CD44v8–10) as a tumor marker in colorectal cancer patients. We performed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in 81 sera obtained from 71 colorectal cancer patients and 10 healthy controls. Serum CD44v8–10 levels were significantly higher in the colorectal cancer patients than in the healthy controls (0.209 ± 0.098 versus 0.114 ± 0.019 OD; P < 0.01). There was a close correlation between immunohistochemical expression and serum CD44v8–10 levels. Surgical resection of the tumors resulted in a reduction of serum CD44v8–10 levels. There was no significant correlation between serum CD44v8–10 level and serosal invasion or histologic type. However, a significant correlation was observed between serum CD44v8–10 level and lymphatic or venous invasion. In addition, serum CD44v8–10 levels were significantly higher in carcinomas associated with lymph node or liver metastasis than in those without metastasis. These findings suggest the usefulness of serum CD44v8–10 level in the prediction of colorectal cancer metastasis. (Received July 25, 1997; accepted Nov. 28, 1997)     

Relationship between indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity and lymphatic invasion propensity of colorectal carcinoma

AIM: To evaluate whether serum and tumor indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activities can predict lymphatic invasion(LI) or lymph node metastasis in colorectal carcinoma.METHODS: The study group consisted of 44 colorectal carcinoma patients. The patients were re-grouped according to the presence or absence of LI and lymph node metastasis. Forty-three cancer-free subjects without any metabolic disturbances were included into the control group. Serum neopterin was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Urinary neopterin and biopterin, serum tryptophan(Trp) and kynurenine(Kyn) concentrations of all patients were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Kyn/Trp was calculated and its correlation with serum neopterin was determined to estimate the serum indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity. Tissue sections from the studied tumors were re-examined histopathologicallyand were stained by immunohistochemistry with indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase antibodies.RESULTS: Neither serum nor urinary neopterin was significantly different between the patient and control groups(both p 0.05). However, colorectal carcinoma patients showed a significant positive correlation between the serum neopterin levels and Kyn/Trp(r = 0.450, p 0.01). Urinary biopterin was significantly higher in cancer cases(p 0.05). Serum Kyn/Trp was significantly higher in colorectal carcinoma patients(p 0.01). Lymphatic invasion was present in 23 of 44 patients, of which only 12 patients had lymph node metastasis. Eleven patients with LI had no lymph node metastasis. Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase intensity score was significantly higher in LI positive cancer group(44.56% ± 6.11%) than negative colorectal cancer patients(24.04% ± 6.90%),(p 0.05). Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression correlated both with the presence of LI and lymph node metastasis(p 0.01 and p 0.05, respectively). A significant difference between the accuracy of diagnosis by using either total indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase immunostaining score or of lymph node metastasis was found during the evaluation of cancer patients.CONCLUSION: Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase expression may predict the presence of unrecognized LI and lymph node metastasis and may be included in the histopathological evaluation of colorectal carcinoma cases.     

Prognostic significance of cell infiltrations of immunosurveillance in colorectal cancer

AIM: To determine whether the mast cell (MCs) and tumor-associated macrophage (TAMs) counts have any correlation with clinical outcome in colorectal cancer, and to investigate whether MCs undergo phenotypic changes in colorectal cancer. METHODS: The MC and TAM counts were determined immunohistochemically in 60 patients with colorectal cancer and the depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis rate, distant metastasis rates, and survival rates were compared between patients with low (less than the mean number of positive cells) and high (more than the mean number of positive cells) cell counts. RESULTS: Both patients with a low MC count and patients with a low TAM count had significantly deeper depth of invasion than those with a high MC count and those with a high TAM count (P<0.01 and P<0.01 respectively). Patients with a high MC count and patients with a high TAM count were significantly higher showing significantly lower rates of lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis than those with a low MC count and those with a low TAM count. There were significant positive correlation between MC counts and TAM counts (r= 0.852, P<0.01). In both cancerous tissue and normal colorectal tissue, the predominant MC phenotype was MCTC. The 5-year survival rate estimated was significantly lower in both patients with a low MC count and patients with a low TAM count than in those with a high MC count and those with a high TAM count (P<0.05 and P<0.01 respectively). CONCLUSION: There appears to be a direct relationship between the number of MCs and clinical outcome in patients with colorectal cancer, even though MCs exhibited no significant phenotypic changes. TAM count is of value to predict the clinical outcome or prognosis. It is more beneficial for estimating biological character of colorectal carcinoma to combine MC and TAM counts.     

结直肠癌患者血清MIC-1的表达及意义

目的评价结直肠癌患者血清中巨噬细胞抑制因子1（MIC-1）的表达水平及其临床意义。方法测定152例未经放化疗结直肠癌患者及120例健康对照组的血清MIC-1、癌胚抗原（CEA）及糖链抗原19—9（CA19—9）zk平。结果结直肠癌患者血清MIC-1水平较健康对照组显著升高（P〈0．01），MIC-1水平与Dukes分期、分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴转移、远处转移相关（P〈0．01），与年龄、组织类型无关。MIC-1表达与CEA呈正相关（r=0．514；P〈0．01），联合CEA及CA19-9检测可提高结直肠癌诊断的敏感性和准确率。结论血清MIC-1联合CEA及CA19-9对结直肠癌诊断和鉴别诊断有一定的临床应用价值。     

大肠癌组织中P16蛋白和血管内皮生长因子的表达及其临床意义

目的：探讨大肠癌组织中P16蛋白和血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）表达及其临床意认。方法：用S－P免疫组织化学方法测定66例大肠癌组织和20例正常大肠组织中P16蛋白和VEGF的表达。结果：大肠癌中P16蛋白阳性率为48．5％（32／66）明显低于对照组的70．0％（14／20）（P＜0．01），VEGF阳性率为72．7％（48／66）则明显高于对照组的15．0％（3／20）（P＜0．01）：P16蛋白和VEGF在大肠癌中表达具有明显负相关性；P16蛋白和VEGF表达与大肠癌组织学类型、肿瘤直径、肿瘤部位无关（P＞0．05），而与淋巴结转移、Duke's分期五年生存率有明显的关系（P＜0．01）。结论：大肠癌中存在P16蛋白下调和VEGF上调，P16蛋白和VEGF表达可作为反映大肠癌生物学行为的指标之一。     

Circulating Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Patients With Colorectal Cancer

Objective : The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a glycoprotein that selectively promotes proliferation of endothelial cells, has been associated with cancer development. The aim of the present study was to determine whether serum levels of VEGF correlate with disease progression in patients with colorectal cancer. Methods : VEGF levels were measured by a highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in sera from 67 patients with colorectal cancer, 14 patients with colorectal adenomas, and 72 healthy volunteers, and in tissue homogenates from 10 patients with colorectal cancer. Results : Serum VEGF levels were significantly higher in patients with colorectal cancer than in patients with colorectal adenomas or in normal controls (   p < 0.01  ). In patients with colorectal cancer, serum VEGF levels were significantly associated with Dukes stage (   p < 0.01  ) and with carcinoembryonic antigen levels (   r = 0.725  ,   p < 0.001  ). Patients with hepatic and/or lymph node metastasis had higher serum VEGF levels than those without. Surgical resection of the colorectal tumor led to a decrease in serum VEGF levels whether or not metastasis was present (   p < 0.05  ). The tumor-bearing tissue contained significantly more VEGF than normal-appearing mucosa (   p < 0.05  ). Conclusions : VEGF is involved in the development of colorectal cancer. Measurement of VEGF in the serum may be a useful noninvasive clinical marker for evaluating the disease status.     

结直肠癌AIM2和血清CEA表达水平及其临床意义

目的探讨结直肠癌患者黑色素瘤缺乏因子2（AIM2）和血清癌胚抗原（CEA）表达水平及其临床意义。 方法收集辽宁省肿瘤医院2010年1月~2013年3月118例结直肠癌患者的肿瘤组织标本及其50例癌旁正常组织标本,采用免疫组织化学法测定组织中AIM2的表达,回顾性搜集患者临床病理参数及术前通过电化学发光法（ECUA）测定的血清CEA水平。通过相关性分析癌组织中AIM2表达水平和血清CEA水平的相关性,分析两种指标与临床病理参数的关系。采用Kaplan-Meier法对不同AIM2、CEA水平组别进行生存分析。 结果118例肿瘤组织中有42例AIM2呈高表达,有39例癌旁正常组织呈高表达,差异具有统计学意义（χ²=25.295,P<0.001）;结直肠癌患者术前血清CEA阳性率为44.07%（52/118）。Spearman等级相关性分析结果显示,结直肠癌组织AIM2和血清CEA表达呈负相关（r=-0.660,P<0.001）。肿瘤的浸润深度、TNM分期以及淋巴结转移是影响癌组织AIM2表达水平的相关因素（χ²=4.847,7.794,3.961;均P<0.05）;肿瘤大小、TNM分期以及分化程度是影响患者术前血清CEA水平的相关因素（χ²=17.14,5.779,5.293;均P<0.05）。K-M生存分析显示,AIM2高表达组生存时间明显长于低表达组,术前CEA阴性组生存时间明显长于阳性组,AIM2高表达联合CEA阴性患者生存时间明显长于AIM2低表达联合CEA阳性患者,差异具有统计学意义。 结论结直肠癌患者AIM2和血清CEA表达可能与结直肠癌的进展有关,联合分析两个指标有助于评估结直肠癌患者预后。     

Level of serum gastrin as a predictor of liver metastasis from colorectal cancer

There have been no reports on the relationship between serum gastrin level and liver metastasis in human colorectal cancer. One hundred forty patients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer (T2 or more) were enrolled in this study. Fasting serum gastrin level was determined prior to the surgery. Incidence of liver metastasis was significantly (P<0.01) higher in patients with a serum gastrin level of 150 pg/ml (37 percent; 14/38) than in those with a serum gastrin level of <150 pg/ml (12 percent; 12/102). As for the tumors with venous invasion, liver metastasis was detected in 11 of 55 patients (20 percent) with a serum gastrin level of <150 pg/ml; however, it was detected in 11 of 19 patients (58 percent) with a serum gastrin level of 150 pg/ml (P<0.01). These results suggest that serum gastrin serves as a useful predictor of liver metastasis from colorectal cancer and that the predictability of liver metastasis can be improved when both serum gastrin level and venous invasion are considered.