成人下颌偏斜患者颞下颌关节形态及位置的变化

目的：研究下颌偏斜患者颞下颌关节形态及其位置的变化.方法：对21例下颌偏斜患者和20例个别理想[牙合]志愿者拍摄颞下颌关节中位断层片,选择描述髁突位置及髁突和关节窝形态的15个指标进行测量及统计分析.结果：下颌偏斜患者双侧关节结节高度、关节窝指数增大,髁突后斜面与水平基准线的夹角减小;偏斜侧的关节前间隙、关节前后间隙面积比,髁突高度、髁突上部高度减小;对侧的关节上间隙、髁突高度、髁突上部高度、髁突前斜面与水平基准线的夹角、关节窝后斜面与水平基准线的夹角增大.结论：下颌偏斜患者的双侧髁突和关节窝形态及髁突在关节窝中的位置都发生了改变,尤其以非偏斜侧髁突变化较为明显.     

成人下颌偏斜患者颞下颌关节形态变化与TMD的关系

目的:研究下颌偏斜患者颞下颌关节形态、位置的变化与颞下颌关节紊乱病的关系.方法:拍摄21例下颌偏斜患者和20例个别正常(牙合)志愿者的颞下颌关节中位断层片,选择描述髁突位置及髁突和关节窝形态的17个指标进行测量及统计分析,将有变化的指标与Fricton颞下颌关节紊乱指数(CMI)进行相关性分析.结果:成人下颌偏斜患者偏斜侧关节前间隙(A)、关节前后间隙面积比(X/Y)及对侧关节上间隙(S)、髁突高度(TCH)的变化与Fricton颞下颌关节紊乱指数(CMI)有相关性.结论:成人下颌偏斜患者偏斜侧髁突在关节窝中的位置后移,对侧髁突在关节窝中的位置向前下移位,对侧髁突高度增高与其出现的关节症状有一定相关性.     

利用CBCT对不同年龄组下颌偏斜患者髁突进行的三维形态研究

目的建立不同年龄组下颌偏斜患者CT三维重建模型,测量、分析不同年龄组下颌偏斜患者髁突形态三维特征,并比较双侧髁突对称性。方法选择3个不同年龄组:替牙组(8～11岁)和年轻恒牙列组(11～16岁),成人组(18～30岁)的偏颌患者各12例,进行CBCT扫描,采集颅面部DICOM数据,使用Sim plant对骨组织进行三维重建和参数测量,对结果进行统计学分析。结果不同年龄组偏颌患者髁突三维形态存在差异性。替牙组下颌偏斜患者两侧髁突形态无明显差异;年轻恒牙列组髁突高度、髁突内外径、下颌支高度、髁突后斜面长度、髁突后斜面倾角偏斜侧与对侧比较出现了差异,双侧髁突形态发生了非对称性改变;成人组下颌偏斜患者双侧髁突形态发生了明显的非对称性改变,偏斜对侧髁突高度、下颌升支高度、髁突内外径较偏斜侧增大,髁突后斜面长度、后斜面倾斜角较偏斜侧减小。结论下颌偏斜可引起髁突的非对称性改建,从替牙组到成人组,下颌偏斜有从下颌移位向骨骼异常发展的趋势,故下颌偏斜患者应该早期矫治。     

颞下颌关节骨性结构观测及临床意义

本文报告了20例剥制颅骨40侧颞下颌关节骨性结构的观测结果,颞下颌关节窝的横径、前后径和髁状突内外径、前后径、前斜面距和后斜面距等与文献报道结果相似,但下颌结节后斜面斜度则有所不同;报告了髁状突角的变化及髁状突与关节窝的不协调结果.观测结果为X线摄片、颞下颌关节骨性结构病症诊治及颞下颌人工关节设计提供有意义参数.     

成人下颌偏斜患者下颌髁突三维CT形态对称性研究

目的:建立成人下颌偏斜患者CT三维重建模型,测量、分析髁突形态、三维特征,并比较双侧髁突对称性,为下颌偏斜患者临床诊断、治疗提供参考.方法:对20例下颌偏斜患者(18～30岁)的头颅进行螺旋CT扫描,在Mimics 8.13软件工作站上进行三维图像重建和参数测量,对结果进行统计学分析.结果:偏斜对侧髁突高度较偏斜侧增大(P＜0.05);髁突内外径较偏斜侧增大(P＜0.01);髁突后斜面长度、髁突后斜面倾斜角较偏斜侧减小(P＜0.01).结论:下颌偏斜可引起髁突的非对称性改建,故下颌偏斜患者双侧髁突形态不对称.     

颞下颌关节结构形态的测量分析

目的 了解颞下颌关节的结构形态,研究咬合运动与关节形态之间的关系,为关节镜手术时确定手术范围以及手术部位与邻近解剖标志之间的关系提供参考。方法 解剖测试7具尸体颞下颌关节髁突和关节窝的大小,前、后斜面斜度,髁突附着关节盘时的斜度,以及关节上腔前后隐窝壁之间的距离和分别至耳屏后缘中点的距离,分析颞下颌关节的结构形态。结果 测量髁突、关节盘、关节窝、关节上腔与邻近解剖标志之间关系的参数值。结论 （1）髁突通过关节盘与关节窝相协调吻合,并增大前斜面斜度,使运动中的髁突在骨性结构不溶的关节窝中趋于稳定;（2）髁突横嵴有一定成角,使髁突在侧向运动中可以与关节窝形成类似点面接触,而具有灵活性;（3）关节上腔前后隐窝壁之间距离,以及与耳屏后缘中点,外耳道软骨的距离,关节窝大小对颞下颌关节内窥镜术者掌握好穿刺深度、范围和方向都是重要的参数;（4）颞下颌关节在人的一生中一直处于不断的改建状态。     

54例正常人双侧颞下颌关节CBCT测量值分析

目的：探讨应用CBCT（cone-beamcomputedtomography）对成年人两侧颞下颌关节进行多项指标数据测量分析。方法：在TMJ成像与测量技术的基础上，筛选出正常成人54例，通过严格的TMJ临床检查确定为健康关节，利用Newtom9000CBCT对其ICP位颞下颌关节进行成像后测量分析。结果：在轴位测得髁状突水平角以及单侧髁状突距矢状中线的距离；平行于髁状突长轴的斜位，测髁状突长轴径，垂直角度，沿髁状突长轴顶内外极间任意角间隙宽度；垂直于髁状突长轴的斜位测量关节髁状突前中后任意角间隙宽度，关节凹深度和前斜面角度关节颈厚度；矢状位测关节髁状突前中后任意角间隙宽度，关节凹深度和前斜面角度关节颈厚度。结论：正常成人双侧髁状突位置及关节窝形态性别差异不明显，双髁状突位置及关节窝形态基本对称。     

SPECT-CT对成人下颌偏斜患者双侧颞下颌关节代谢及形态对称性研究

目的:利用SPECT-CT骨显像对成人下颌偏斜患者双侧颞下颌关节代谢及形态对称性研究。方法:对36例成人下颌偏斜患者行SPECT骨显像,对髁突、下颌升支、下颌角图像进行冠状面、矢状面、横断面采集进行三维重建,计算出放射性计数比值,并通过CT扫描三维重建后同机融合,根据双侧颞下颌关节解剖关系测量偏斜侧及对侧髁突的高度、内外径、后斜面倾斜角及后斜面长度的差异,进行对比观察。结果:颞下颌关节各区域(髁突、下颌升支、下颌角)放射性计数比值均有所不同,偏斜侧的放射性计数比值均低于对侧,且两侧放射性计数比值有显著差异(P＜0.05);偏斜侧髁突高度及内外径均较之对侧减小(P＜0.01);偏斜侧髁突后斜面长度、后斜面倾斜角较之对侧增大(P＜0.01)。结论:SPECT-CT骨显像对成人下颌偏斜疾病的诊断评估起到了至关重要的作用。     

基于锥形束CT分析骨性Ⅲ类高角伴下颌偏斜患者髁突形态和位置的研究

目的 应用锥形束CT（CBCT）对比分析骨性Ⅲ类高角伴下颌偏斜患者与个别正常牙合患者髁突的形态和位置。方法 选取2017年9月至2019年9月于上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院口腔正畸科就诊的患者40例，其中骨性Ⅲ类高角伴下颌偏斜患者20例（偏斜组），个别正常牙合患者20例（对照组）。所有患者于治疗前拍摄CBCT，使用Invivo 5.0软件对CBCT影像进行三维重建及测量，并比较两组患者两侧髁突形态和位置的差异。结果 （1）偏斜组患者两侧髁突形态和位置指标测量值比较发现，在髁突形态方面，偏斜侧髁突最大轴面面积、髁突高度、髁顶高度均比非偏斜侧小，差异均有统计学意义（均P < 0.05）。在髁突位置方面，偏斜侧髁突外间隙、上间隙和后间隙比非偏斜侧小；偏斜侧髁突前间隙、内间隙及髁突外突距比非偏斜侧大，差异均有统计学意义（均P < 0.05）。（2）对照组两侧髁突形态和位置指标测量值比较，差异均无统计学意义（均P > 0.05）。（3）偏斜组两侧髁突形态和位置指标测量值分别与对照组比较发现，在髁突形态方面，偏斜组偏斜侧髁突高度比对照组大，最大轴面面积比对照组小；非偏斜侧髁突高度大于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（均P < 0.05）。在髁突位置方面，偏斜组偏斜侧髁突上间隙小于对照组，髁突内间隙、前间隙、髁突外突距及髁突与正中矢状面距大于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（均P < 0.05）。结论 骨性Ⅲ类高角伴下颌偏斜患者双侧髁突的形态和位置具有明显的不对称性，偏斜侧髁突形态较对侧小，并向后上外方向移位。骨性Ⅲ类高角伴下颌偏斜患者的髁突高度比个别正常牙合患者大。     

青少年安氏Ⅱ类亚类错患者颞下颌关节形态及髁突位置分析

目的： 研究青少年安氏Ⅱ类亚类错牙合患者颞下颌关节的关节窝形态、髁突形态、髁突位置及关节间隙的锥形束CT（CBCT）表现,为临床诊疗提供参考。方法： 选择2018年6月—2019年12月来苏州口腔医院正畸科就诊的青少年安氏Ⅱ类亚类错牙合患者30例为实验组,青少年安氏Ⅰ类错牙合患者30例为对照组,比较2组患者关节长轴、关节短轴、髁突外嵴最突点到矢状中线距离、髁突水平角、关节内间隙、关节中间隙、关节外间隙、关节前间隙、关节上间隙、关节后间隙、髁突垂直高度、关节窝宽度、关节窝深度、关节结节后壁倾斜角及双侧髁突到水平线垂直距离差。采用SPSS 23.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果： 实验组安氏Ⅱ类亚类错牙合患者中性侧与远中侧关节后间隙、髁突水平角、髁突垂直高度、关节窝宽度、关节窝深度、关节结节后壁倾斜角比较,差异均有显著意义(P<0.01);对照组安氏Ⅰ类错牙合患者左右两侧关节窝形态、髁突形态及髁突位置比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论： 安氏Ⅱ类亚类错牙合患者可能在髁突位置、髁突形态及关节窝形态上与安氏Ⅰ类错牙合患者存在差异,正畸治疗中需对此类患者提高警惕,在临床初诊检查时应多关注颞下颌关节区的检查。     

不同垂直骨面型成人安Ⅱ患者颞下颌关节的形态特征研究

目的:探讨成年人骨性Ⅱ类不同垂直骨面型患者的颞下颌关节形态特征。方法:利用16层螺旋CT,对正常牙合志愿者、高角和低角安氏Ⅱ类错牙合患者共59名成年人,分别进行颞下颌关节扫描,采用多层面重建(multi pla-nar reformation MPR)技术对颞下颌关节进行三维重建及参数测量,对结果进行统计学分析。结果:低角组成人安Ⅱ错牙合患者的髁状突处于关节窝内的位置为后移位,占61.1%(22/36),与对照组和高角组间比较有显著差异(P<0.01);高角组患者的髁状突前斜面倾角、关节结节后斜面斜度和关节窝高度测量值则小于低角组(P<0.05);高角组患者具有细而长的髁突头,而低角组患者则具有短而粗的髁突头,但3组间髁状突总高度测量值则无明显差异。结论:在不同垂直骨面型的成人骨性Ⅱ类错牙合患者间,其关节骨性结构存在差异,正畸治疗应关注患者颞下颌关节的结构特征。     

Association between condylar position, joint morphology and craniofacial morphology in orthodontic patients without temporomandibular joint disorders

The present study investigated condylar position and joint morphology in adolescent patients and elucidated the possible association between the joint structure and condylar position, and craniofacial morphology. Sixty-five adolescent patients were selected as subjects and their tomograms and lateral cephalograms were analysed. No significant differences in joint spaces were found between the right and left temporomandibular joints. Both the condyles in this population were located slight anteriorly in the glenoid fossa. With respect to the association between condylar position, joint morphology and craniofacial morphology, the ramus plane angle also exhibited significant negative correlations with posterior, lateral and medial joint spaces. Furthermore, there was a significant negative correlation between the gonial angle and the anterior joint space. These findings imply that the condyle was likely to show more posterior position in the glenoid fossa when the mandible exhibited clockwise rotation. In conclusion, the condyle in the adolescent subjects showed a symmetrical anterior position relative to the glenoid fossa. In addition, the joint spaces and it ratios were significantly related to the craniofacial morphology associated with vertical dimension. It is suggested that the condylar position may be affected by craniofacial growth pattern.     

颞下颌关节盘前移位患者关节骨形态与矢状向关节盘位置的关系

目的　利用磁共振成像（MRI）技术和锥形束CT（CBCT）分析颞下颌关节盘前移位患者矢状向关节盘位置与关节骨形态的关系。方法　对97例患者的178个颞下颌关节（TMJ）进行回顾性分析，根据矢状向MRI上关节盘的位置分成4组，即对照组（关节盘无移位）、轻度组（关节盘轻度前移位）、中度组（关节盘中度前移位）和重度组（关节盘重度前移位）。然后利用Mimics 20软件基于CBCT数据进行TMJ的相关形态学参数测量，包括髁突线性尺寸（宽度、长度和高度）、髁突体积和表面积，关节窝的深度和长度，关节结节倾斜角，关节前、上、后间隙等，并对各组矢状髁突位置进行评估。使用方差分析、非参数检验和卡方检验等比较关节形态及位置参数的组间差异，采用相关性分析探索矢状关节盘位置与关节测量参数之间的相关性。结果　髁突的线性尺寸、关节窝深度、关节倾斜角、关节间隙和矢状髁突位置分布在4组间差异有统计学意义，而关节窝长度在4组间差异没有统计学意义；相关性分析显示：髁突的线性尺寸、髁突的体积及表面积、关节窝的深度、关节结节倾斜角和关节上间隙与关节盘矢状位置之间存在显著负相关，而关节后间隙与矢状关节盘位置之间存在显著正相关。结论　TMJ骨形态与不同矢状关节盘位置之间存在相关性，应警惕临床看到的关节骨形态的退行性改变可能是患者存在关节盘前移位的标志。     

Effects of tissue-engineered articular disc implants on the biomechanical loading of the human temporomandibular joint in a three-dimensional finite element model

The purpose of this study was to evaluate biomechanical loading of the temporomandibular joint when using a biodegradable laminate implant to replace the articular disc and to test the hypothesis that the use of the implant reduces stress distribution in the condyle, implant, and glenoid fossa. A finite element model of a female human mandible, including the temporomandibular joint, which had two standard endosseous implants inserted bilaterally in the premolar region, was constructed from computed tomography scan images using a commercially available finite element software. The disc, condyle, and glenoid fossa were arbitrarily divided into five regions: the anterior, posterior, medial, lateral, and central. The disc was then replaced with a poly-L/DL-lactide biodegradable laminate. The finite element model was then used to predict principal and Von Mises stresses. The use of poly-L/DL-lactide implant resulted in remarkable reduction in Von Mises stresses (approximately threefold) in the anterior, central, and medial regions of the mandibular condyle in comparison with slight to moderate stress reductions in the corresponding regions of the implant and glenoid fossa. The mandibular condyle also demonstrated the largest total displacement in all directions followed by the implant and glenoid fossa. The use of an alloplastic implant such as the bioresorbable, poly-L/DL-lactide laminate to replace the articular disc reduces loading of the mandibular condyle rather than the implant and glenoid fossa. These findings lead to support the hypothesis that the mandibular condyle more likely functions as a shock absorber than the disc. The use of bioresorbable laminate implants might prove an efficient technique to replace the articular disc and promote normal function of the temporomandibular joint.     

Craniofacial morphology and inclination of the posterior slope of the articular eminence in female patients with and without condylar bone change

This study investigated the association of craniofacial and glenoid fossa shapes and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pathology in 39 orthodontic patients with signs and symptoms of TMJ disorders, using helical CT scans. Cephalometric measurements showed that 21 subjects with bilateral condylar bone change (BBC) had significantly smaller SNB angles, ramus heights and S-Ar/N-Ba ratios, as well as larger mandibular plane angles and lower anterior facial height than the 18 subjects with no condylar bone change (NBC). The average posterior slope of the left and right articular eminence in their central and lateral sections was significantly steeper in NBC than in BBC. Condylar bone change might, therefore, not only be related to the morphology of the mandible, but also of the glenoid fossa and cranial base. This appears to reflect adaptive changes in the condyle, articular eminence and cranial base in response to changes in loading.     

A functional explanation for the morphology of the temporomandibular joint of man

Stresses falling on the temporomandibular joint during oral function may influence the form of the human mandibular condyle and glenoid fossa. In an attempt to clarify details of this concept, specific jaw movements have been matched to particular anatomic features of the joint. The main proposals are:That the deviation of each transverse condylar axis from the transverse axis of the skull is a functional response to masticatory forces.That the detailed form of joint surfaces are related to the degree of jaw gape and, in man, to the mandibular lateral excursive movements employed during chewing.That the form of the anterior eminence of the fossa is matched to the functional movements required of the mandible when dealing with an omnivorous diet.     

Replicating mesenchymal cells in the condyle and the glenoid fossa during mandibular forward positioning.

The purpose of this study was to identify and quantify the temporal sequence of replicating mesenchymal cells during natural growth and mandibular advancement in the condyle and the glenoid fossa. One hundred fifty 35-day-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 10 experimental groups (10 rats each) and 10 control groups (5 rats each). The experimental groups were fitted with appliances that positioned the mandible forward. One hour before the rats were killed, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was intravenously injected into them. Sections were cut and stained with anti-BrdU antibody to evaluate the number of replicating mesenchymal cells. Cellular uptake of BrdU was quantified with the Leica Qwin (Leica Microsystem Imaging Solutions, Cambridge, United Kingdom) system. The results showed that the numbers of replicating mesenchymal cells during natural growth were highest in the posterior region of the condyle and the anterior region of the glenoid fossa. In the experimental groups, the posterior region had the highest number of replicating cells for both the condyle and the glenoid fossa, with the condyle having 2 to 3 times more replicating cells than the glenoid fossa. The number of replicating mesenchymal cells, which is genetically controlled, influences the growth potential of the condyle and the glenoid fossa. Mandibular protrusion leads to an increase in the number of replicating cells in the temporomandibular joint. Individual variations in the response to growth modification therapy could be a result of the close correlation between mesenchymal cell numbers and growth.