抑郁症患者脑白质变化初步研究

目的：利用能够提示脑白质纤维完整性的磁共振弥散张量成像（DTI）探讨首发和复发重性抑郁症患者脑白质纤维的变化及其差异。方法：20例重性抑郁症患者（首发9例，复发11例）和20名正常对照者均经常规磁共振成像（MRI）平扫，未发现异常者继续进行DTI和结构MRI（3D）扫描，基于像素的全脑分析技术对DTI数据进行分析。结果：与对照组相比较，抑郁症组白质纤维结构在双侧额中回、右顶下小叶及双侧脑岛等区域白质的各向异性值（FA）显著降低（各脑区P均〈0.001，cluster〉30像素）;与首发抑郁症患者相比较，复发抑郁症患者右侧额上回、右顶叶、中央前回、中央后回及右顶下小叶等区域FA值降低更为显著（各脑区P均〈0.001，cluster〉10像素）。结论：重性抑郁症患者存在脑白质异常，抑郁反复发作会导致脑白质损害进一步加重。     

首、复发抑郁症患者额颞叶神经纤维偏侧化与疾病严重程度的相关研究

目的:探讨首、复发抑郁症患者额颞叶神经纤维是否存在偏侧化改变,以及与认知、疾病严重程度的相关性。方法:入组首发抑郁症患者25例、复发抑郁症患者27例及健康对照者24名,入组者均进行弥散张量成像扫描(DTI)及威斯康辛卡片分类测试(WCST);抑郁患者同时进行汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分。结果:首、复发抑郁组,在右额中回、右额下回、右颞下回的各向异性(FA)值较左侧显著性降低(P0.05),复发抑郁组右侧海马回FA值较左侧显著性升高(P0.01),健康对照组未发现左右脑FA值差异有统计学意义(P0.05);对照组左额叶中回、左额下回FA值与持续错误数正相关,右额下回FA值与完成第一分类所需应答数正相关,首发抑郁组的左额叶中回FA值与持续错误数相关,右额下回FA值与完成第一分类所需应答数相关(P均0.05);复发抑郁组右额下回FA值与HAMD评分呈负相关(P0.05)。结论:首、复发抑郁症患者均存在右侧颞叶、额叶的偏侧化,且与认知功能的改变存在一定的相关性,反复发作、病程迁延的复发患者偏侧化程度进一步加重,且右侧额叶下回的纤维完整性与疾病严重程度呈负相关。     

老年抑郁症恢复期患者认知损害与全脑白质纤维完整性的相关性研究

目的 探讨恢复期老年抑郁症患者全脑白质纤维完整性是否受损,并进一步分析其与认知损害是否关联.方法 对16例恢复期老年抑郁症患者(患者组)和14名健康老年人(对照组)进行汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、简易智力状态检查(MMSE)和神经心理学评估后,行全脑弥散张量成像扫描,用SPM2软件处理图像,采用基于体素的分析方法进行组间比较分数各向异性(FA)值.结果 (1)HAMD、MMSE评分和神经心理学测试:患者组HAMD和MMSE评分与正常对照组的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但在听觉言语测验[(5.9±2.6)分]、连线测验A[(146±127)s]和B[(264±196)s]成绩均差于正常对照组[分别为(9.3±1.6)分,(73±25)s和(121±35)s;P<0.01～0.05].(2)FA值:患者组低于对照组的脑区主要包括:右侧额上回、左侧额下回、左侧颞中回、右侧顶下回、右侧枕中回、左侧舌回、右侧壳核和右侧尾状核(未校正,P<0.001).(3)患者组右侧额上回FA值与连线B测验成绩呈显著负相关(r=-0.556,P=0.049).结论 恢复期老年抑郁症患者多部位脑白质纤维的完整性受损,这可能是该类患者认知损害的神经病理基础.     

抑郁症首次发病患者脑白质的弥散张量成像研究

目的 探讨抑郁症首次发病（以下简称首发）患者全脑白质纤维的完整性是否受到损害。方法 对14例未接受过治疗的首发抑郁症患者（抑郁症组）和14名与抑郁症组按性别、年龄匹配的正常人（正常人组）进行全脑弥散张量成像扫描，使用以像素为基础的分析方法比较两组各向异性分数（FA）。结果 抑郁症组的右侧额中回（x=36，y=49．x=10；t=4．89，像素集合=258）、左侧枕颞外侧回（x=-42，y=-56，z=-1；t=5．00，像素集合=96）、右侧顶叶的角回（x=24，y=-47，z=41；t=5．23，像素集合=120）和深部（x=42，y=-65，z=27；t=4．56，像素集合=76）白质FA值低于正常人（未校正，P〈0．001），上述FA值差异有统计学意义的区域与抑郁症组的症状严重程度（BDI和HAMD评分）以及病程之间无显著相关性。未发现抑郁症组比正常人组FA值高的脑区。结论 白质病变在抑郁症发病早期即已存在，其完整性的损害可能破坏了调节心境的神经环路。     

抑郁症首次发病与复发患者静息态功能磁共振低频振幅比率的差异

目的:探讨首发与复发中青年抑郁症患者静息态下功能磁共振脑区低频振幅比率(fALFF)特征的差异,以及与症状严重程度和发作次数的相关性。方法:对16例首发抑郁患者(首发抑郁症组),16例复发抑郁患者(复发抑郁症组)和16名健康对照进行3.0T静息态功能磁共振扫描。结果在方差分析的基础上进行两两双样本t检验,将差异脑区与汉密尔顿抑郁量表总分及抑郁发作次数进行相关分析。结果:3组间fALFF值差异有统计学意义的脑区是左颞横回/左脑岛、左壳核、左前扣带回、左额上回及额中回(P<0.05,Alphasim矫正)。复发抑郁组与首发抑郁组相比,复发抑郁组左壳核、左前扣带回、左额中回及左脑岛fALFF值升高(P<0.05,Alphasim矫正);复发抑郁组与健康对照组相比,复发抑郁组左额上回及左前扣带回fALFF值升高(P<0.05,Alphasim矫正)。抑郁症差异脑区与临床症状相关分析显示,左脑岛和左侧壳核fALFF值与发作次数正相关(r=0.450,P=0.021;r=0.535,P=0.004)。结论:复发抑郁患者脑区fALFF升高,从能量的角度提示首发与复发抑郁存在差异,并表现出与复发抑郁患者更易复发的临床现象相关。     

老年抑郁症首次发病与复发患者脑结构的磁共振研究

目的:基于磁共振探讨首发与复发老年抑郁症患者脑结构特点。方法:对首发与复发老年抑郁症患者30例(首发组20例,复发组10例)和正常人30名(正常对照组)进行脑磁共振成像检查并运用弥散张量成像(DTI)扫描,比较首发与复发抑郁症患者与正常对照组的异常脑区以及首发与复发患者脑白质、灰质容量及白质各向异性分数(FA)值的差异。结果:与正常对照组比较,患者组双侧额叶、右顶叶、左楔叶、左海马回灰质以及左颞上回白质T1信号强度减低;右扣带回灰质T1信号及白质T1信号强度升高(P0.01,像素集合30)。首发组和复发组患者脑白质容量未发现显著差异脑区,但复发组右海马区灰质容量较首发组明显减小(P0.01,像素集合30)。与首发组比较,复发组右额中回、左颞中回白质FA值减低(P均0.01,像素集合30)。结论:首发与复发老年抑郁症患者可能存在前额叶及右扣带回功能缺陷;双侧海马区灰质容量可能与临床症状有关。     

高功能孤独症患儿全脑白质纤维的弥散张量成像研究

目的 分析高功能孤独症患儿的全脑白质纤维的完整性.方法 对18例高功能孤独症患儿(病例组)以及10名年龄、性别、智商与病例组相匹配的健康儿童(对照组)进行全脑弥散张量成像(DTI)测量;应用基于体素的分析方法,比较两组全脑各向异性分数(FA)的差异.使用Spearman相关分析,分析病例组各感兴趣区FA值与儿章期孤独症评定表(CARS)总分及各项目之间的关系.结果 与对照组相比,病例组右侧额下回、左侧额中回及右侧颞下回邻近白质的FA值低(分别为0.67±0.10、0.57±0.09、0.50 ±0.12),左顶上小叶邻近白质的FA值高(0.55±0.15;P<0.001).病例组左额中回邻近白质的FA值与CARS中的与非生命物体的关系的得分呈负相关(r=-0.63,P=0.005).结论 高功能孤独症患儿多个部位的脑白质纤维的完整性受到破坏.     

女性重性抑郁障碍患者体质量指数与脑白质完整性异常的相关性研究

目的:探讨女性重性抑郁障碍患者体质量指数(BMI)与脑白质完整性异常的相关性。方法:收集自2017年10月至2018年10月门诊就诊的女性重性抑郁障碍患者58例(患者组)及年龄、BMI、受教育程度相匹配的女性健康对照者57名(对照组)进行核磁共振扫描,完成临床相关量表的评定。比较两组磁共振弥散张量成像(DTI)数据,分别对两组的DTI图像与BMI进行相关性分析,并对各向异性值(FA值)进行提值计算。结果:患者组与对照组DTI比较存在两簇差异脑区,分别位于胼胝体压部及体部、右下额枕束,且患者组的FA值低于对照组。患者组BMI与右侧外囊的FA值呈正相关(r=0.531,P0.01);对照组BMI与胼胝体体部、膝部及压部的FA值呈负相关(r=-0.497,P0.01)。结论:女性重性抑郁障碍患者胼胝体压部、体部及右下额枕束白质完整性降低,肥胖所致的胼胝体完整性降低可能是重性抑郁障碍患者患病的相关因素。     

5年随访未转相的抑郁症患者基线脑低频振幅及功能连接特征研究

目的:探讨5年随访未转相的抑郁症患者基线脑低频振幅及功能连接特征。方法:35例抑郁症患者(抑郁组)和27名性别、年龄和受教育年限相匹配的健康对照者(对照组)进行3.0 T静息态功能磁共振扫描,比较两组脑区低频振幅(ALFF)值,将有统计学差异的脑区对全脑进行功能连接(FC)分析。结果:与对照组相比,抑郁组左后扣带回和左丘脑ALFF值降低,左后扣带回和左额中回、左丘脑和左额眶回间FC增强,左后扣带回和左舌回、左丘脑和左小脑脚间FC减弱(P0.05,Alphasim矫正)。左后扣带回和左额中回FC值与17项汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD-17)总分正相关(r=0.351,P=0.038)。结论:5年随访未转相的抑郁症患者基线期存在边缘局部脑区异常,同时与全脑FC存在异常,可能是抑郁症发病的重要因素之一。     

重性抑郁症脑白质性别差异的初步研究

目的 利用磁共振弥散张量成像技术探讨重性抑郁症患者脑白质纤维是否存在性别差异.方法 24例重性抑郁症患者(男15例,女9例)及30名正常对照(男11名,女19名)均经常规核磁共振(MRI)和DTI扫描,基于像素的全脑分析技术对各组间DTI数据进行比较分析.结果 [1]男性患者左额中回、右颞叶回下、左梭状回、楔前叶及右顶叶回下等区域各向异性值(faraction anistropy, FA)低于男性正常对照(P<0.001);女性患者在右额上回、额叶回下、颞叶回下、左颞上回及右后扣带回等白质区域的FA值低于女性正常对照(P<0.001).[2]女性患者在右顶叶回下、左中央前回、右颞中回及右扣带回白质区域的FA值低于男性患者(P<0.001);女性正常对照仅在左边缘叶下回及左枕叶中回的区域的FA值低于男性正常对照(P<0.001).结论 男女抑郁症患者均存在脑白质异常区域,且两老少间存在差异.     

White matter abnormalities in first-episode, treatment-naive young adults with major depressive disorder

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the microstructural integrity of whole-brain white matter by diffusion tensor imaging in first-episode, treatment-naive young adults with major depressive disorder. METHOD: Diffusion tensor imaging scans were obtained from 14 first-episode, treatment-naive young adult patients with major depressive disorder and 14 healthy comparison subjects. A voxel-based method was used to analyze the scans. RESULTS: The patient group exhibited significantly lower fractional anisotropy values than healthy comparison subjects in the white matter of the right middle frontal gyrus, the left lateral occipitotemporal gyrus, and the subgyral and angular gyri of the right parietal lobe. There were no regions of significantly higher fractional anisotropy values in patients compared with healthy comparison subjects. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that abnormalities of brain white matter may be present early in the course of major depressive disorder. They also support the idea that white matter lesions may disrupt the neural circuits involved in mood regulation and thus contribute to the neuropathology of major depressive disorder.     

首次发病未用药老年抑郁症患者脑白质完整性的弥散张量成像研究

目的 使用弥散张量成像探讨首次发病未用药老年抑郁症患者的脑白质完整性.方法 15例首次发病未用药的老年抑郁症患者和15例正常对照组接受脑弥散张量成像扫描,用基于体素的分析方法对脑内所有体素的各向异性分数(FA)逐一进行组间比较.结果 与正常对照组相比,首次发病未用药老年抑郁症患者左侧前扣带(丛集体积=106体素,t=3.21)、右侧前扣带(丛集体积=60体素,t=2.71)、右侧膝下扣带(丛集体积=63体素,t=3.37)、左侧脑干(丛集体积=62体素,t=3.25)白质FA值显著降低(检验水准为未校正的单侧P＜0.01,体素集阈值＞50体素).结论 老年抑郁症发病早期存在双侧前扣带及右侧膝下扣带白质完整性下降,经由该脑区的神经通路损害可能与老年抑郁症的病理机制有关.     

Frontal white matter integrity is related to psychomotor retardation in major depression

Altered frontal white matter integrity has been reported in major depression. Still, the behavioral correlates of these alterations are not established. In healthy subjects, motor activity correlated with white matter integrity in the motor system. To explore the relation of white matter integrity and motor activity in major depressive disorder, we investigated 21 medicated patients with major depressive disorder and 21 matched controls using diffusion tensor imaging and wrist actigraphy at the same day. Patients had lower activity levels (AL) compared with controls. Fractional anisotropy (FA) differed between groups in frontal white matter regions and the posterior cingulum. AL was linearly associated with white matter integrity in two clusters within the motor system. Controls had an exclusive positive association of FA and AL in white matter underneath the right dorsal premotor cortex. Only patients had a positive association within the posterior cingulum. Furthermore, patients had negative associations of FA and AL underneath the left primary motor cortex and within the left parahippocampal gyrus white matter. These differences in the associations between structure and behavior may contribute to well-known impaired motor planning or gait disturbances in major depressive disorder. Therefore, signs of psychomotor slowing in major depressive disorder may be linked to changes of the white matter integrity of the motor system.     

White matter microstructural abnormalities in late-life depression

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the location and the degree of white matter damage in late-life depression using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). METHODS: Thirty-one patients with late-life depression and 15 healthy volunteers matched for age, gender and years of education received conventional MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) and MR-diffusion tensor scanning. The fractional anisotropy (FA) values of white matter were measured respectively in frontal and temporal regions and the corpus callosum. RESULTS: FA values were significantly decreased in the frontal (superior and middle frontal gyrus), and temporal (right parahippocampal gyrus) regions of elderly patients with depression compared with healthy controls. CONCLUSION: Microstructural changes in the frontal (superior and middle frontal gyrus) and temporal (right parahippocampal gyrus) areas are associated with late-life depression.     

Frontal white matter anisotropy and symptom severity of late-life depression: a magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging study

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the disruption of neural circuits in the frontal lobes and limbic structures in late-life depressed patients compared with healthy controls, and to examine the correlation between the degree of microstructural abnormalities of white matter and clinical symptom severity in late-life depression. METHODS: Thirteen patients with late-life depression and matched control subjects underwent diffusion tensor imaging. Fractional anisotropy (FA), an index of the integrity of white matter tracts, was determined in the white matter of frontal, temporal, and occipital brain regions and the corpus callosum. RESULTS: A significant reduction was found in white matter FA values of widespread regions of the frontal and temporal lobes of depressed patients. Also, there was some evidence suggesting that white matter FA values of the inferior frontal brain region are inversely related to severity of depression. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest the possible loss of integrity within frontal and temporal white matter fibre tracts and implicate the orbitofrontal circuit in symptom severity in late-life depression.     

White matter integrity of the whole brain is disrupted in first-episode remitted geriatric depression

Previous studies have demonstrated lower-diffusion anisotropy within white matter in late-onset depression measured by diffusion tensor imaging, which provides information about brain white matter integrity. We have examined whether white matter is abnormal in first-episode remitted geriatric depression by using diffusion tensor imaging. Sixteen remitted geriatric depression patients and 14 well matched healthy controls underwent diffusion tensor-imaging scans of magnetic resonance imaging, which were analyzed by a rigorous voxel-based approach. We found that fractional anisotropy in white matter was lower in patients than in controls at the right superior frontal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, right inferior parietal lobule, right middle occipital gyrus, left lingual gyrus, right putamen and right caudate. These results suggested that the white matter integrity of the whole brain was disrupted in first-episode remitted geriatric depression, and that these abnormalities were perhaps involved in the psychopathology and pathophysiology of cognitive impairment in remitted geriatric depression.     

White matter integrity in hair-pulling disorder (trichotillomania)

Hair-pulling disorder (trichotillomania, HPD) is a disabling condition that is characterized by repetitive hair-pulling resulting in hair loss. Although there is evidence of structural grey matter abnormalities in HPD, there is a paucity of data on white matter integrity. The aim of this study was to explore white matter integrity using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in subjects with HPD and healthy controls. Sixteen adult female subjects with HPD and 13 healthy female controls underwent DTI. Hair-pulling symptom severity, anxiety and depressive symptoms were also assessed. Tract-based spatial statistics were used to analyze data on fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD). There were no differences in DTI measures between HPD subjects and healthy controls. However, there were significant associations of increased MD in white matter tracts of the fronto-striatal-thalamic pathway with longer HPD duration and increased HPD severity. Our findings suggest that white matter integrity in fronto-striatal-thalamic pathways in HPD is related to symptom duration and severity. The molecular basis of measures of white matter integrity in HPD deserves further exploration.     

Voxel-based analyses of gray/white matter volume and diffusion tensor data in major depression

The purpose of this study is to use voxel-based analysis to simultaneously elucidate regional changes in gray/white matter volume, mean diffusivity (MD), and fractional anisotropy (FA) in patients with unipolar major depressive disorder. We studied 21 right-handed patients and 42 age- and gender-matched right-handed normal subjects. Local areas showing significant gray matter volume reduction in depressive patients compared with controls were observed in the right parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampus, bilateral middle frontal gyri, bilateral anterior cingulate cortices, left parietal and occipital lobes, and right superior temporal gyrus. Local areas showing an increase of MD in depressive patients were observed in the bilateral parahippocampal gyri, hippocampus, pons, cerebellum, left frontal and temporal lobes, and right frontal lobe. There was no significant difference between the two groups for FA and white matter volume in the entire brain. Although there was no local area where brain volume and MD were significantly correlated with disease severity, FA tended to correlate negatively with total days depressed in the right anterior cingulate and the left frontal white matter. These results suggest that the frontolimbic neural circuit might play an important role in the neuropathology of patients with major depressive disorder.     

抑郁症患者弥散张量成像与认知功能的关系

目的:探讨抑郁症患者全脑白质纤维受损状况及其与认知功能的关系.方法:对 24 例抑郁症患者及 30 名健康对照者进行临床测评、常规磁共振成像(MRI)、弥散张量成像(DTI)及神经心理学检查.结果:抑郁症组在左额中回、左额上回、右额内侧回、左楔前叶、左颞上回、右扣带回等区域各向异性(FA)值较对照组显著下降(P＜0.001).抑郁症组威斯康星卡片分类测验(WCST)的分类数、总错误率明显高于对照组(P＜0.01 或 P＜0.05).两组持续注意操作测试(CPT)差异无显著性;抑郁症组 CPT 与 WCST 部分结果均呈负相关(P均＞0.05).结论:DTI 与 WCST 结果的相互印证反映重性抑郁症患者可能存在白质区域神经功能的异常,DTI 技术有助于发现影响认知改变的脑微细结构和功能的异常.