脊柱骨折手术后脑脊液漏合并感染的治疗(附10例报告)

目的：评价清创术后置管持续冲洗，负压吸引及一期关闭伤口对胸腰椎骨折术后脑脊液漏合并感染的治疗疗效。方法：回顾1984年1月-2000年2月434例胸腰椎骨折内固定术后脑脊液漏合并感染10例，（男8例，女2例）。结果：10例均为术后发生，脑脊液漏平均出现时间48h。感染平均出现时间4.5d。清创术后除2例部分内固定取出外，其余8例均予保留所有病例清创术后置管持续冲洗及负压吸引，一期关闭创口，平均置管时间22.5d。清创术后静脉使用抗菌素31.5d。1例因颅内及肺部感染死亡，9例患者平均随访3.5年。未见感染复发及假性硬脊膜囊肿形成，结论：彻底清创术后置管持续冲洗，负压吸引及一期关闭伤口，对胸腰椎骨折术后脑脊液漏合并感染的治疗是有效的，保留置入物，不影响对感染的控制。     

脊柱侧凸后路矫形融合术后深部感染的治疗

背景背景:感染是脊柱侧凸手术后较严重的并发症之一。目的目的:探讨脊柱侧凸后路矫形融合术后深部感染的处理方法及治疗效果。方法方法:回顾分析2000年1月至2011年12月行脊柱后路矫形融合术的脊柱侧凸病例的临床资料,共2780例,深部感染患者19例。根据距首次手术时间分为早期感染和迟发感染,早期感染患者彻底清创后保留内固定物,迟发感染均取出内固定物,清创后一期闭合切口,并根据临床经验使用抗生素。结果结果:所有深部感染患者均有切口局部症状,19例感染患者中,男6例,女13例,特发性脊柱侧凸5例,先天性脊柱侧凸6例,成人脊柱侧凸6例,强直性脊柱炎后凸1例,经13-144个月随访,患者愈合良好,无感染复发情况。结论结论:局部脓肿、渗出或窦道常常为深部感染的诊断依据。对于脊柱侧凸术后深部感染患者清创是主要的,如无内固定松动等情况早期感染不一定必须取出内固定物。而对于迟发感染,植骨已融合患者可取出内固定物,根据情况使用抗生素。     

脊柱侧凸后路矫形融合术患者术后早期离床活动研究

目的探讨脊柱侧凸后路矫形融合术患者术后早期离床活动的安全性及有效性。方法将2018年6～9月30例脊柱侧凸后路矫形融合术患者作为对照组,2019年同期30例患者作为观察组。观察组在术后24～72h拔除伤口引流管前早期离床活动;对照组待拔除伤口引流管后离床活动。分别统计两组患者离床活动的安全性相关指标(伤口引流量、总失血量、出院前血红蛋白、伤口引流管留置时间)及有效性相关指标(首次离床活动时间、术后住院日)。结果观察组患者术后首次离床活动时间、术后住院日早于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。两组伤口引流量、总失血量、出院前血红蛋白及伤口引流管留置时间比较,差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论在规范的操作方法和步骤下,术后24～72h拔除伤口引流管前早期离床活动,不会增加脊柱侧凸后路矫形融合术后患者出血的风险,能减少术后住院日。     

马凡综合征合并脊柱侧凸的手术矫治

目的评价脊柱后路矫形内固定植骨融合术治疗马凡综合征合并脊柱侧凸的治疗效果。方法马凡综合征合并脊柱侧凸患者12例,进行脊柱后路矫形内固定植骨融合术,术前脊柱侧凸主弯Cobb角62°~90°(71°±6°)。结果手术时间3.4~4.8(4.2±0.4)h,出血量550~920(690±117)m l。全部患者均获随访,时间0.9~4.8年,未发生神经及其它系统并发症。术后主弯Cobb角24°~37°(29°±3°),矫正率51%~65%(59%±4%),植骨全部融合,无假关节形成及断钉、脱钩发生。结论脊柱后路矫形内固定植骨融合术治疗马凡综合征合并脊柱侧凸,对侧凸矫形疗效满意。     

退行性脊柱侧凸三维矫形术并发症的探讨

目的:探讨使用椎弓根螺钉系统矫治退行性脊柱侧凸的并发症及其预防措施。方法:对82例退行性脊柱侧凸患者采用4种不同的手术方式:17例先行一期前路松解、支撑性融合,二期后路多节段椎弓根螺钉矫形,后外侧植骨融合;41例行后路椎管减压、椎体间支撑融合(PLIF)、椎弓根螺钉矫形内固定 后外侧植骨融合术;14例行后路短缩、椎管减压、椎弓根螺钉矫形内固定 后外侧植骨融合术;10例行椎管减压、椎弓根矫形内固定 后外侧植骨融合术。对75例获得6个月至4年(平均2年3个月)随访患者的并发症进行回顾性分析。结果:本组无围手术期死亡,术后重症监护时间平均22h,切口感染1例,切口延迟愈合4例;7例术后出现肺部感染,经处理后好转;6例手术后出现心脏病复发,经内科联合处理后好转;9例术后出现双下肢疼痛,经保守治疗3个月症状缓解;4例腰背部疼痛缓解不明显。无断钉、断棒现象。88.6%的患者对手术治疗的结果满意。结论:三维矫形手术治疗退行性脊柱侧凸的并发症较多且严重,手术治疗需慎重考虑患者的全身情况及术前症状,以选择适合的手术方式。     

胸腔镜下前路松解联合后路矫形治疗脊柱畸形

目的:评价胸腔镜下前路松解联合后路矫形对脊柱畸形的治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析我院收治的19例脊柱畸形行胸腔镜辅助前路松解及后路脊柱畸形矫形植骨融合术患者的临床资料及治疗结果。结果:胸腔镜手术时间平均120min,前路松解、阻滞椎间盘平均4.2个。术后14例特发性脊柱侧凸Cobb角平均被纠正到29.4°,4例神经纤维瘤病性脊柱侧凸Cobb角平均被纠正到28°,1例胸椎后凸Cobb角被纠正到58.5°。术后平均随访17.5个月,无矫正度的丢失和其它神经系统及血管损伤并发症。结论:胸腔镜辅助前路脊柱松解是安全、有效的微创手术,联合后路矫形治疗脊柱畸形可获得满意治疗效果。     

前路松解联合后路矫形固定治疗重度脊柱侧凸

目的：评价前路松解联合后路矫形对重度脊柱侧凸的治疗效果。方法：2000年7月至2007年1月采用前路松解联合后路矫形固定治疗重度脊柱侧凸23例,男12例,女11例;年龄9～18岁,平均15.3岁。其中先天性半椎体脊柱侧凸9例,特发性脊柱侧凸13例,神经纤维瘤病性脊柱侧凸1例。冠状面上Cobb角81°～126°,平均97.4°。结果：术后侧凸Cobb角为10°～55°,平均37.4°,平均矫正率56.2%。身高增加0.5～7.5cm,平均5.2cm。全部病例均获随访,时间6～24个月,平均10个月,2例出现交界区＂附加＂现象,无断棒、脱钩等并发症。结论：脊柱前路松解安全、有效,联合后路矫形内固定治疗重度脊柱侧凸可获得满意治疗效果。     

青少年脊柱侧凸合并腰椎滑脱的术式选择

目的 :探讨青少年脊柱侧凸合并腰椎滑脱患者手术治疗方式的选择,观察脊柱侧凸及滑脱程度的转归。方法:对2002年5月~2011年1月收治的有完整影像学资料的9例青少年脊柱侧凸合并腰椎滑脱的患者进行回顾性分析。年龄10~18岁,平均14.4±2.7岁。功能性脊柱侧凸3例,特发性脊柱侧凸6例;发育性腰椎滑脱3例,峡部裂性腰椎滑脱6例。滑脱节段均为L5/S1,Ⅰ度滑脱4例,Ⅱ度滑脱2例,Ⅲ度滑脱2例,Ⅳ度滑脱1例。3例(1、3、4号)功能性侧凸患儿均行腰椎滑脱后路复位内固定植骨融合术。1例(2号)特发性脊柱胸腰双弯患儿侧凸Cobb角未达到手术干预标准,行单一腰椎滑脱后路复位内固定植骨融合术;2例(5、6号)无滑脱症状的特发性脊柱侧凸患儿行脊柱侧凸后路矫形内固定植骨融合术;3例(7~9号)伴腰椎滑脱症状者同时行后路滑脱复位与脊柱侧凸矫形联合手术。测量患者术前、术后、末次随访时的Cobb角及滑脱相关参数。结果:仅行单一腰椎滑脱后路复位内固定植骨融合术的4例患儿末次随访时的侧凸主弯Cobb角改善率分别为58.1%、11.5%、57.9%、36.7%,滑脱百分比改善率分别为61.3%、76.9%、59.7%、27.3%;2例仅行脊柱侧凸后路矫形内固定植骨融合术患儿的侧凸主弯Cobb角改善率分别为81.8%及68.6%,滑脱百分比改善率分别为71.8%及25.0%;3例同时行腰椎滑脱后路复位和脊柱侧凸矫形内固定植骨融合术患儿末次随访时Cobb角改善率分别为86.2%、75.6%、72.9%,滑脱百分比改善率分别为31.8%、50.0%、67.7%。7例患儿术前有不同程度的腰痛症状,1~4号患儿ODI评分为26.0(21.0~31.0)分,7~9号为23.0(15.0~29.0)分,末次随访时分别为7.0(5.0~10.0)分和6.0(5.0~8.0)分。9例患儿在术后及随访过程中均未出现并发症。结论:对青少年脊柱侧凸合并腰椎滑脱患儿应根据侧凸类型及腰椎滑脱程度选择手术方式,侧凸Cobb角大于40°伴腰椎滑脱所致腰痛症状时,应同时行脊柱侧凸矫形术和腰椎滑脱复位术;若仅满足腰椎滑脱复位内固定或者仅满足脊柱侧凸矫形的手术干预要求,可考虑行单一后路行腰椎滑脱复位内固定术或单一后路脊柱侧凸矫形手术。     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸围手术期的护理

脊柱侧凸是脊柱的一段或几个节段向侧方弯曲产生脊柱畸形 ,常引起继发性胸廓、肋骨、骨盆畸形 ,严重时可影响呼吸及心脏功能 ,甚至发生截瘫。青少年脊柱侧凸常规手术治疗方法是行脊柱后路器械矫形融合术 ,该手术难度大 ,术中操作时间长 ,出血量多 ,风险高。 1 996年 8月至 1 999年 8月 ,我科对 36例特发性脊柱侧凸病人行后路器械矫形融合术 ,围手术期护理如下。1　临床资料36例中 ,男 1 0例、女 2 6例 ,平均年龄 1 4.2岁。平均体重 43.0 kg,术前平均侧凸 Cobb s角 5 8.5°,均行后路器械矫形自体髂骨植骨融合术。采用鲁克棒 ( Luque) 1 0例 …     

退行性脊柱侧凸的手术治疗及相关文献回顾

目的　在回顾手术治疗退行性脊柱侧凸进展的基础上 ,探讨椎弓根螺钉系统在退行性脊柱侧凸矫治的策略 ,并评价其疗效。方法　 1999年 7月～ 2 0 0 2年 7月 ,本院骨科连续治疗 32例退行性脊柱侧凸患者 ,其中 7例先行一期前路脊柱松解 ,二期后路多节段椎弓根螺钉矫形 ,后外侧植骨融合 ;16例行后路椎管减压、PLIF椎体间支撑融合、椎弓根螺钉矫形内固定、后外侧植骨融合术 ;9例行后路椎管减压、椎板截骨短缩、椎弓根螺钉矫形内固定、后外侧植骨融合术。结果　本组围手术期没有出现切口感染 ,2例术后出现肺部感染症状 ,4例出现症状对侧的下肢痛 ,经过对症处理后好转。本组全部病例随访 18个月～ 3年 ,平均 2 .4年。全部病例无断钉、断棒 ,无交界性后凸。术前、术后及 18个月随访时进行Oswestry评分 ,统计结果表明术后和 18个月随访时ODS评分与术前有显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　在充分减压的前提下 ,椎弓根螺钉三维矫正技术对退行性脊柱侧凸可达到满意的纠正 ,重建脊柱稳定性 ,适当的前路松解和椎体间支撑性植骨有利于矢状面畸形的改善 ,减少神经并发症的发生     

Vacuum-assisted wound closure of deep infections after instrumented spinal fusion in six children with neuromuscular scoliosis.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: The rate of infection after spinal fusion in neuromuscular scoliosis is reported to range from 4% to 20%. Infection persists in about 50% after traditional treatment including debridement and closure. Instrumentation removal is necessary in up to 28%. PURPOSE: To analyze the outcome of vacuum-assisted wound closure (VAC) in combination with antibiotics for the treatment of deep wound infection after instrumented spinal fusion in pediatric neuromuscular scoliosis. STUDY DESIGN: Six prospective consecutive neuromuscular patients with scoliosis. PATIENT SAMPLE: Between 2001 and 2005, six consecutive pediatric patients (average age, 12.6 years) with neuromuscular scoliosis with a postoperative deep wound infection after instrumented spinal fusion were included in the study. OUTCOME MEASURES: Measurement of the duration of wound closure and infection parameters during treatment. METHODS: The patients were treated with a VAC system in combination with antibiotics. RESULTS: Wound closure averaged 3 months. Infection parameters were normalized within 6 weeks. Removal of the instrumentation was not necessary in any patient, and there were no signs of infection at follow-up ranging from 9 to 42 months. CONCLUSION: The VAC system, in combination with antibiotic therapy, seems to be a useful method for treatment of deep wound infections after spinal fusion in pediatric neuromuscular scoliosis. It may prevent removal of the instrumentation and multiple surgery for irrigation and closure of the wound.     

单中心8818例脊柱畸形矫形术后深部感染的处理策略

目的探讨脊柱畸形矫形术后深部感染的发生率及其相应的处理策略。方法回顾性分析1998年1月至2017年12月接受脊柱畸形矫形术治疗8818例患者的病历资料,根据患者术后的临床症状、影像学检查及实验室检查判断是否发生深部感染。将初次手术后3个月之内发生的感染定义为早发性感染,初次手术3个月后发生的感染定义为迟发性感染。所有感染患者行清创灌洗、术后引流冲洗,并静脉应用敏感抗生素。若感染无法根除,如手术后时间不足2年,暂予伤口换药保留内固定;如手术后时间达到2年,评估融合情况满意后可在伤口清创的同时取出内固定。摄站立位全脊柱正、侧位X线片测量冠状面和矢状面参数,评估取出内固定者矫正丢失情况。结果共有60例(0.68%,60/8818)术后发生深部感染,早发性感染11例(发生率为0.12%,11/8818),迟发性感染49例(发生率为0.56%,49/8818)。两组患者在年龄、性别、手术入路及融合节段数方面的差异均无统计学意义。术后2~5年是深部感染发生的高峰期。特发性脊柱侧凸及强直性脊柱炎患者术后感染的发生率最低,综合征性及神经肌源性脊柱侧凸术后感染的发生率较高。初次培养阴性率较高,早发性感染中金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌居多;迟发性感染中痤疮丙酸杆菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌占比明显增高。经治疗后早发性感染组中9例保留内固定,2例换药至术后2年取出内固定。迟发性感染组中5例保留内固定,10例换药至术后2年取出内固定,34例手术时间超过2年直接取出内固定;其中1例患者取出内固定后1个月重新植入内固定;另有1例患者因矫正丢失在取出内固定3年后重新植入内固定。末次随访时取出内固定的患者出现了明显的冠状面矫正丢失。结论脊柱畸形矫形术后深部感染的发生率为0.68%,早发性感染发生率较低,迟发性感染较高;神经肌源性脊柱侧凸与综合征性脊柱侧凸患者有着较高的感染风险。如果感染在反复清创后无法根除,推荐在术后2年骨融合后取出内固定,但仍存在矫正丢失的风险。     

Postoperative deep wound infections in adults after spinal fusion: management with vacuum-assisted wound closure

OBJECTIVE: Vacuum-assisted wound closure (VAC) exposes the wound bed to negative pressure, resulting in removal of edema fluid, improvement of blood supply, and stimulation of cellular proliferation of reparative granulation tissue. It has been used to treat open wounds in the extremities, open sternal wounds, pressure ulcers, and abdominal wall wounds. This study retrospectively reviewed instrumented spine fusions complicated by surgical wound infection and managed by a protocol including the use of VAC in order to evaluate the efficacy of applying vacuum therapy on patients with deep spine infections and exposed instrumentation. METHODS: Twenty consecutive patients with deep wound infections after undergoing spinal fusion procedures were studied. There were 12 men and 8 women with an average age of 55 years (31-81 years). Eight patients had undergone concomitant anterior and posterior arthrodesis, nine patients had a posterior spinal fusion, and three patients had a transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion. Seven patients had a decompression with exposed dura. Sixteen patients presented with a draining wound within the first 6 weeks postoperatively (average 24 days). There were four patients who presented with back pain and temperature after 1 year postoperatively (average 3 years). All patients were taken to the operating room for irrigation and debridement followed by placement of the VAC with subsequent delayed closure of the wound. RESULTS: There was an average of 1.8 (1-8) irrigation and debridement procedures prior to placement of the VAC. Once the VAC was initiated, there was an average of 2.2 (2-3) procedures until and including closure of the wound. The wound was closed an average of 7 days (5-14 days) after the placement of the initial VAC in the wound. All patients tolerated the VAC without adverse effects. All patients were kept on a 6-week course of intravenous antibiotic therapy. The average follow-up was 10 months (6-24 months). There were no cases of uncontrolled sepsis once the VAC was initiated. All patients achieved a clean closed wound without removal of instrumentation at a minimum follow-up of 6 months. CONCLUSION: VAC therapy is an effective adjunct in closing complex deep spinal wounds with exposed instrumentation.     

Adult idiopathic scoliosis treated by posterior spinal fusion and Harrington instrumentation

Ninety-one patients with idiopathic scoliosis, who underwent posterior spinal fusion and instrumentation from January 1977 to December 1982, were reviewed. All patients were 20 years or older at the time of surgery and none had undergone a prior surgical procedure. Indications for surgery included pain, progressive deformity, and pulmonary symptoms. All patients had a posterior spinal fusion with Harrington instrumentation and autogenous iliac bone graft, with the addition of segmental wiring in only eight. No patient had an anterior fusion or fusion to the sacrum. Follow-up averaged 3.5 years (range: 2-7 years). The average correction at the time of surgery was 38%, and 32% at the time of last follow-up. Seventy-nine percent of the patients reported complete relief of the symptom(s) for which they had surgery. There were 34 complications in 30 (33%) patients. Pseudarthrosis occurred in 14 (15%), requiring 15 additional procedures to achieve a solid arthrodesis. Urinary tract infection occurred in 8 (9%) patients and Harrington hook dislodgement in 5 (5%). One patient sustained a partial paraparesis with recovery to a minimal deficit. No deaths occurred. Although largely successful, posterior fusion with Harrington instrumentation for adult scoliosis has a significant incidence of pseudarthrosis and instrumentation problems.     

Use of PET/CT in the early diagnosis of implant related wound infection and avoidance of wound debridement

Purpose

Delayed infections after spinal instrumentation typically require complete implant removal and extensive wound debridement due to the difficulties in establishing an early diagnosis. We report a case of occult late infection after posterior spinal instrumentation that was detected early using PET/CT and therefore was successfully treated with antibiotics alone.

Methods

A 26-year-old woman who underwent posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion for scoliosis correction had superficial pseudomonal infection that healed with ceftazidime and levofloxacin and was admitted 4 months later with mild back pain. She had no fever and the surgical wound healed well. Laboratory tests were compatible with late infection but radiographs showed no signs of implant infection. The patient was suspected of having ongoing occult late infection and thus, underwent a PET/CT.

Results

PET/CT revealed a significant pathological FDG uptake at the T5 vertebral body and the area surrounding proximal end of the T5 instrumentation. The maximal standardized uptake value (SUV) was 7.9 for the T5 vertebra and only 2.3 for the patient’s liver, suggesting an infection pathology. A conclusive diagnosis of delayed onset infection after spinal instrumentation was established and the patient was immediately started on oral anti-pseudomonal treatment. The scoliosis correction was well maintained 10 months after the index surgery and she had no signs of implant infection.

Conclusions

PET/CT provides detailed diagnostic information for occult infections in the absence of morphological changes and thus, is valuable for an early diagnosis of late infection after spinal instrumentation. It is possible to retain the instrumentation in the case of late infection, if early detection and efficacious treatment can be achieved timely.

     

Postoperative spinal wound infection: a review of 2,391 consecutive index procedures

Postoperative infection remains a troublesome but not uncommon complication after spinal surgery. Most previous reports, however, are small or involve cases with more than one surgeon often at different institutions. This study represents a single surgeon's 9-year experience with postoperative infection at one institution. The authors describe the features of wound infection after spinal surgery with reference to diagnosis, microbiology, and treatment and they describe a protocol for effective management of postoperative spinal wound infection. The records of the senior author (F.P.C.) during a 9-year period for cases of postoperative wound infection were reviewed. Of 2,391 operative procedures, 46 cases of wound infection were identified, yielding an overall infection rate of 1.9%. Patients' preoperative risk factors, original diagnosis prompting the surgery, onset of infection, presentation, treatment, and outcome were analyzed. The mean age of the 23 men and 23 women was 57.2 years. The preoperative diagnoses included lumbar degenerative scoliosis or spinal stenosis in 28 cases, disk prolapse in 8 cases, metastatic disease in 4 cases, degenerative disk disease in 1 case, and a group of 5 miscellaneous cases. Seventeen (37%) of the patients underwent at least one previous spinal surgery at the same site. Twenty-three patients had a fusion, of whom 22 also had instrumentation. Forty-three (93%) of the patients had significant wound drainage after an average of 15 days (range, 5-80 days). The other three patients were examined approximately 2 years after the surgery. Fourteen of the patients also had pyrexia (temperature >37.5 degrees C) at presentation. Staphylococcus aureus alone was cultured in 29 patients, whereas another six patients had a different single organism. In nine patients, more than one organism was cultured during their hospital stay. Surgical treatment included primary closure in only seven patients, with most undergoing wound drainage and debridement followed by delayed closure. Instruments were removed in the three patients with late presentation who had solid fusion at operation. Viable bone graft and instrumentation were left in situ in all patients who were seen before fusion. All wounds healed without sequelae, except for three that required flap closure. Pseudarthrosis was noted in three patients after more than 1 year of follow-up in this series. Postoperative spinal wound infection is a potentially devastating problem. In this series, infection was more common in patients undergoing fusion with instrumentation and in patients with cancer metastatic to the spine. An aggressive surgical approach, including repeated debridement followed by delayed closure, is justified. Instrumentation may be safely left in situ to provide stability for fusion.     

Implant removal for late-developing infection after instrumented posterior spinal fusion for scoliosis: reinstrumentation reduces loss of correction. A retrospective analysis of 45 cases

A retrospective follow-up study of patients who, having undergone instrumented posterior spinal fusion for scoliosis, experienced late infection and then underwent either implant removal alone or implant removal and instrumented refusion. We conducted this study to determine whether it is possible to avoid loss of correction by a single-stage implant removal and reinstrumentation procedure. There have been a few reports of late-appearing infections after spinal instrumentation. Implant bulk, metallurgic reactions, and contamination with low-virulence microorganisms have been suggested as possible etiologic factors. The clinical symptoms include pain, swelling, redness, and spontaneous drainage of fluid. Complete instrumentation removal and systemic antibiotics is usually curative. We retrospectively reviewed 45 patients who underwent instrumented posterior spinal fusion for scoliosis and experienced development of late infections and, after a mean of 3 years after the initial procedure, either underwent implant removal alone [n=35, instrumentation removal (HR) group] or additionally underwent reinstrumentation and fusion [n=10, reinstrumentation and fusion (RI&F) group]. Three patients were reinstrumented 1.5 years after instrumentation removal, and seven underwent a one-stage rod removal and reinstrumentation/refusion procedure. Allergic predisposition, protracted postoperative fever, and pseudarthrosis appear to increase the risk of late-developing infection after posterior spinal fusion. All wounds in both groups healed uneventfully. Preoperative radiographic Cobb measurements showed no statistically significant between-group differences. At follow-up, however, outcome was clearly better in the RI&F group: Loss of correction was significantly smaller in reinstrumented patients. Thus, the thoracic Cobb angle was 28±16° (range 0–55°) in the RI&F group versus 42±15° (21–80°) in the HR group, and the lumbar Cobb angle was 22±11° (10–36°) in the RI&F group versus 29±12° (13–54°) in the HR group. The results of our study demonstrate that wound healing is usually uneventful after instrumentation removal for late infection, also when patients undergo instrumented refusion in a one-stage procedure. Reinstrumentation appears to achieve permanent correction of scoliosis.     

腰椎后路内固定术后迟发感染的手术治疗

[目的]探讨腰椎后路内固定术后迟发感染的预防措施及手术治疗方法。[方法]回顾性分析5例腰椎后路内固定术后迟发感染行清创术的方法及临床效果，定期随访，观察感染有无复发，X线片评价腰椎融合效果是否受到影响。[结果]所有患者出院时伤口均一期愈合，无神经损伤。平均随访35个月（6～52个月），未发现感染复发，术区腰椎融合效果未受损害。[结论]腰椎内固定术后感染是一种严重的并发症，术前应做好感染危险因素的评估，落实各项预防感染的措施，一旦发生感染要早期诊断，积极的外科清创术可以获得良好的疗效。     

胸腰椎后路内固定术后深部感染的治疗

目的 探讨胸腰椎后路内固定术后深部感染的特点与治疗方法。方法对36例胸腰椎内固定术后感染患者的临床表现、生化和细菌学检查及治疗进行分析。根据发生感染时间的不同分为早期感染14例,迟发性感染22例。结果早期感染一般伴有全身症状,白细胞计数及红细胞沉降率（ESR）升高,脓液培养主要为金色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌等致病力强的细菌,迟发性感染一般无全身症状,白细胞计数不升高,ESR升高,脓液培养主要为类白喉杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌等致病菌力较弱的皮肤正常菌群。早期感染患者予以清创、持续冲洗引流。除3例反复清创无效,将内固定取出以外,其余内固定均予保留。迟发性感染者予以内固定取出、清创、持续冲洗引流。33例平均随访2．6年,经上述治疗后仅1例患者早期深部感染迁延不愈致椎体骨髓炎,术后3个月伤口再次出现流脓,其余均愈合。结论胸腰椎固定后早期感染及迟发性感染的发生机理可能存在差异。早期感染由致病力强的细菌引起,累及范围广。而迟发性感染由致病菌弱细菌引起,发展慢且较局限。对早期深部感染可以保留内固定行病灶清除,持续冲洗引流,多次清创无效,感染控制不佳则需要早日将内固定取出,以免炎症扩散。而迟发性感染则需取出内固定,否则难以消除炎症。     

Posterior spinal fusion in paralytic scoliosis and myelomeningocele

The Shriners Hospital, Lexington, KY, experience with posterior spinal fusion for scoliosis in 50 patients with myelomeningocele was reviewed. Six patients were fused with Harrington rods and 47 of 50 patients were treated with some form of segmental fixation. The complication rate was 48% (24/50) resulting in 1.48 procedures per patient. The deep infection rate was 8% (4/50) and the pseudarthrosis rate was 16% (8/50). The use of modern segmental instrumentation systems has improved the pseudarthrosis rates for posterior spinal fusion in scoliosis associated with myelomeningocele but not to the point of displacing the current approach of an anterior and posterior spinal fusion.