妊娠妇女孕前口腔检查的调查状况及影响因素分析

目的调查分析张家港市妊娠妇女孕前口腔检查情况及其影响因素。方法选择张家港市妇幼保健所产前门诊初次孕检的783名妊娠妇女进行问卷调查:人口统计学资料、孕前口腔检查情况、未进行孕前口腔检查的原因等;通过问卷结果进行统计分析。结果 783名妊娠妇女中共有104名进行了孕前口腔健康检查,占13.3%,孕前是否进行口腔健康检查与年龄段、文化程度、月收入水平、有无职业相关(P<0.05),与口腔健康知识的认知明显相关(P<0.001),与口腔健康态度相关性不明显。679名未进行口腔检查的主要原因依次是:"牙齿没问题、没必要"、"没有时间"、"害怕看牙疼痛"。结论张家港市孕前口腔检查率较低,建议加强育龄妇女的口腔卫生宣教,同时把孕前口腔检查严格纳入孕前保健的基本项目中,促进孕妇和胎儿健康。     

广州市花都区妊娠妇女口腔健康知识认知状况调查

目的:了解广州市花都区妊娠妇女口腔健康知识的认知状况,为孕期口腔健康教育策略制订提供相关信息。方法:采用系统抽样方法在广州市花都区妇幼保健院抽取521名产检妇女作为问卷调查对象。问卷内容包括人口统计学资料、基本口腔健康知识的认知、妊娠期和婴幼儿口腔健康知识的认知。结果:广州市花都区妊娠妇女基本口腔健康知识得分均值为9.65(总分16),其中龋病知识5.52(总分8)、牙周病知识4.12(总分8);孕期口腔健康知识平均得分3.91(总分7);婴幼儿相关口腔健康知识3.04(总分6)。受教育水平较高者3类口腔健康知识得分均较高(P<0.05),收入较高者婴幼儿相关口腔健康知识得分较高(P<0.05)。不同年龄基本口腔健康知识和孕期口腔健康知识得分有显著性差异(P<0.05),以大龄孕妇得分最低。结论:广州市花都区妊娠妇女口腔健康知识的认知急需改善,尤其是牙周病知识、孕期和婴幼儿口腔健康知识。受教育水平较低、低收入人群和大龄孕妇是重点教育对象。     

厦门市学龄儿童龋牙修复状况及其影响因素

目的:了解厦门市学龄儿童龋牙的修复状况及其影响因素,为开展学龄儿童龋病防治工作提供科学依据。方法:按照分层随机整群抽样方法选取厦门市城乡各2所小学,共824名患龋儿童为研究对象。调查内容包括口腔检查和问卷(儿童问卷和父母问卷)调查。按照WHO推荐的龋病流行病学调查方法进行口腔检查,记录各牙龋、失、补状况。所有数据经EpiData 3.0录入后,运用SPSS 13.0进行统计分析。结果:824名患龋学龄儿童龋牙修复率为24.27%,影响学龄儿童龋牙修复的主要因素包括:家庭经济文化水平、口腔检查频率、患儿的恐惧心理、就诊时间和医疗费用等。结论:厦门市学龄儿童龋牙修复率较低,农村学龄儿童龋牙修复率明显低于城市。影响龋牙修复的因素众多,应加强口腔保健知识普及,开展定期口腔检查,对儿童龋牙及早进行修复治疗,以促进学龄儿童口腔健康。     

潮州市15～17岁学生口腔健康知识及行为调查

目的：探讨潮州市15～17岁学生对口腔健康知识的了解情况及其口腔健康行为，为口腔卫生保健工作提供信息支持。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法，按照样本纳入标准抽取潮州市15～17岁学生933名进行问卷调查。所使用问卷参照第四次全国口腔健康流行病学调查问卷，结合本课题研究目的设计。问卷内容包括：人口统计学和社会学资料、口腔健康知识和口腔健康行为。对问卷调查资料进行分析。结果仅13.1%的学生认同“窝沟封闭可保护牙齿”。女生（t=5.198）、父亲受教育程度较高者（t=2.667）口腔健康知识得分较高（P<0.01）。刷牙频率与年龄和性别相关，年龄较大者（c2=23.002）和女生（c2=98.722）每天刷牙2次或以上的比例较高（P<0.001）。75.2%的学生不知道自己使用的牙膏是否含氟，91.5%的学生没有使用过牙线。口腔科就诊经历在性别（c2=16.406）和母亲受教育程度（c2=12.566）方面的差异具有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论潮州市15～17岁学生口腔健康知识及行为需要积极改善，男生、低年龄组和父母受教育程度低者是重点教育对象。     

盐城市妊娠妇女口腔保健意识及健康状况调查分析

目的 了解盐城市妊娠妇女对孕产期口腔保健知识的掌握程度。方法 对盐城市1 206名妊娠期妇女展开问卷调查,问卷内容涉及口腔保健知识等共16个内容,同时对参加问卷调查的妊娠妇女一并进行常规的口腔健康检查。针对调查结果结合妊娠妇女的年龄、孕周等情况进行统计学分析。结果 本地妊娠妇女口腔保健知识较贫乏,91.34%的孕妇未接受过口腔健康教育;口腔健康状况较差, 妊娠期龋齿及牙龈炎的发病率分别为56.30%和75.04%;软垢及牙石的发生率分别为73.63%和51.33%。而妊娠期龋齿和龈炎的就诊率分别为1.37%和5.66%。结论 应针对妊娠期妇女进行口腔健康教育及行为改进。     

1720名孕妇牙体牙周健康状况的调查分析

目的：调查分析武汉市孕妇牙体牙周健康状况,为孕前孕期妇女口腔疾病防治提供依据。方法：按照世界卫生组织制定的口腔健康调查基本方法,对5160名孕妇通过随机抽样,采用口腔健康数据库管理系统记录1720名孕妇牙体牙周健康状况。结果：孕妇总患龋率为58．6％,龋均为1．54,龋面均为2．43。牙龈炎患病率72．1％,结石检出率为53．6％。随着孕周的增加龋患率没有明显差异,牙龈炎的发生明显加重,有统计学意义。结论：孕期妇女牙体牙周健康状况较差,提示应加强孕妇口腔卫生宣传指导,采取措施积极治疗口腔疾病。     

孕前及孕期妇女口腔干预与早产低出生体重儿的相关性研究

目的:探讨孕前及孕期妇女口腔干预与早产低出生体重儿的相关性。方法:选取2012~2014年孕前门诊和婚姻登记单位拟怀孕的550名妇女为研究对象,采用口腔问卷调查、口腔检查与提出治疗建议,并追踪妊娠结局,进行数据分析。结果:在社会经济状况和保健意识较优的妇女中,孕前及孕期口腔疾病和治疗与否与妊娠结局无明显相关性。结论:针对该人群妊娠进行的口腔干预行为具有较宽泛的安全范围。     

缺牙患者对口腔种植认知、态度与实践能力的初步分析

目的:了解缺牙患者对口腔种植义齿的认知、态度及接受程度。方法:对来我院就诊的235例牙列缺失患者进行"面对面"问卷调查,采用SPSS11.5软件包对数据进行χ2检验。结果:70.21%的被调查者听说过种植义齿,其中,93(56.36%)例对种植义齿的认知存在着误解。缺牙患者最担心的问题是种植义齿修复后的功能问题(34.55%),对种植义齿最大的期望也是功能近似天然牙(54.55%)。57.87%的被调查者心理上认同种植牙是最理想的修复方式。缺牙患者是否做过义齿修复(P<0.05)、对原义齿是否满意(P<0.05)、关于种植义齿知识的来源(P<0.05)及费用(P<0.05)对种植义齿的心理接受程度有显著影响。结论:缺牙患者对种植义齿的认知存在偏差,多种因素影响缺牙患者对种植义齿的接受程度。     

遵义市小学教师口腔健康知识和对口腔健康教育态度的调查

目的 了解遵义市小学教师的口腔健康知识和对口腔健康教育的态度。方法 采用分层随机抽样的方法，抽取遵义市10所小学636名小学教师作为研究对象，自行设计调查问卷，收集教师的基本信息、口腔保健习惯、口腔保健知识知晓率、对口腔健康和口腔健康教育的态度等信息，所得数据采用SPSS 21.0软件进行统计。结果 本调查回收有效问卷614份，在口腔保健习惯方面，小学教师刷牙时长在3 min及以上仅占8.8%,23.8%有横刷牙习惯，64.7%没有洁牙习惯，78.2%未使用过牙线。口腔保健知晓率方面，教师对六龄齿是不会换的、窝沟封闭可以预防龋齿、使用牙线可以去除牙菌斑等方面的认识薄弱，但是，总体对口腔健康和口腔健康教育的态度较好。结论 可通过组织培训等多途径提高遵义市小学教师的口腔健康知识，发挥教师在引领和培养学龄儿童建立良好的口腔习惯中的积极作用。     

852名大学生口腔健康知识、态度、行为及其与患龋情况关系的调查

目的调焱潍坊地区大学生口腔健康知识、态度、行为及其与患龋情况的关系，为促进大学生口腔健康干预提供参考。方法以分层整群抽样法抽取潍坊地区某高校3个专业852名大学生进行问卷调奄及口腔榆查。自行设计调查问卷，问卷内容包括口腔健康知识、态度、行为等；同时进行患龋情况检查。对结果进行统计学分析。结果总体患龋率为43．19％，其中龋齿数大于4颗的占14．12％；问卷调查平均得分：健康知识（54．52±14．95）分，态度（75．79±19．78）分．行为（58．89±17．88）分；线性回归分析显示口腔健康行为与态度有关（P〈0．01），但与健康知识没有明显的线性关系；龋失补牙数与口腔健康行为有明显关系（P〈0．05）．与口腔健康知识及态度没有明显关系（P〉0．05）。结论具有积极的态度以及良好的口腔卫生行为才能拥有较好的口腔健康。被调查的大学生总体口腔健康状况不佳，对口腔健康知识知晓率较低，需加强大学生的口腔健康宣教。     

武汉市1009名孕妇牙周状况调查

目的:了解武汉市孕妇的牙周状况及其影响因素。方法:采用横断面研究的方法,按照纳入标准抽取2006-05—12在省妇幼保健院进行孕检或生产的已作婚姻登记的妇女1009名。调查方法包括问卷调查和临床牙周检查。运用卡方检验及Logistic回归分析的统计学方法对数据进行分析。结果:受检孕妇的牙龈炎和牙周炎患病率分别为74.8%和37.2%。大于30岁者患牙周炎的危险度比值(oddsratio,OR)为1.6;学历较低者患牙龈炎的OR为1.4;月收入为中或低水平的孕妇患牙周疾病的几率较大,牙龈炎OR分别为1.5和2.1,牙周炎OR分别为1.1和1.7;孕前近1年内没有口腔就诊行为的孕妇,患牙龈炎和牙周炎的OR分别为2.3和2.1;孕前或孕期患有全身性疾病的孕妇,患牙龈炎和牙周炎的OR分别为1.8和2.2;孕期有过吸烟和饮酒行为的孕妇患牙周炎的OR分别为3.8和1.6。结论:牙周疾病较易发生于年龄较大、学历和月收入较低、口腔健康行为较差、孕前或孕期患有全身性疾病及有吸烟或饮酒行为的孕妇,应加强对这部分孕妇的口腔健康教育。     

上海市嘉定区家庭医师对妊娠期口腔疾病治疗的调查分析

目的: 调查分析上海市嘉定区家庭医师对妊娠期口腔疾病治疗问题的认识。方法: 采用问卷方式调查嘉定区家庭医师对妊娠期口腔保健知识的掌握度和口腔疾病治疗相关问题的认识,采用SPSS20.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果: 203名家庭医师参与问卷调查,共回收有效问卷192份。受调查者对于妊娠期口腔治疗安全期的知晓率为70.3%,知道口腔疾病可能导致不良妊娠结局的比例为90.1%,告知服务对象孕前进行口腔检查和治疗的比例为90.6%,认为孕期出现口腔疾病需要及时就诊的比例为93.8%。认为孕妇可以接受龋齿充填、冠修复、龈上洁治、根管治疗、龈下刮治和拔牙的比例分别为91.9%、60.4%、51.0%、40.1%和31.8%,认为孕妇可以接受口腔局麻以及牙科X线检查的比例为55.2%和31.8%,家庭医师的年龄、学历和技术职称是影响观点的主要因素（P值均<0.05）。结论: 嘉定区家庭医师对妊娠期口腔保健知识知晓度较高,但对妊娠期口腔疾病治疗相关问题的看法存在差异,认为孕妇可以接受局麻和牙科X线片检查的医师多具备较高学历和高技术职称。     

A case-control study to investigate an association between adverse pregnancy outcome and periodontal disease

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this case-control study was to ascertain if women who experienced a preterm (or premature) birth had any differences in periodontal disease severity compared with women who delivered at term. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Subjects were recruited postpartum. Case subjects delivered a baby before 37 weeks of gestation whereas control subjects gave birth at or around term. A questionnaire was administered by a Research Midwife, designed to collect demographic information, pregnancy outcome variables and information on other factors which may influence health in pregnancy. A periodontal examination was then performed at the bedside. RESULTS: Demographic variables were similar between case and control subjects. There was a higher proportion of case subjects who reported smoking. There were no differences in oral hygiene, bleeding on probing or loss of attachment; however, control subjects had a higher proportion of periodontal pockets probing 5 mm or greater. CONCLUSIONS: There was no association between the severity of periodontal disease and pregnancy outcome in this population.     

Factors related to utilization of dental services during pregnancy

OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this study were to investigate factors related to utilization of dental services during pregnancy and to assess the extent of mothers' knowledge regarding oral health during pregnancy and its effect on pregnancy outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional data were collected from 625 women using a structured questionnaire mailed to mothers who had given birth in Johnson County, Iowa from August 2001 to March 2002. The survey assessed knowledge, behaviours, attitudes toward dental care during pregnancy, and personal, demographic and pregnancy-related factors. Variables which showed associations in bivariate analysis (p< or =0.1) were considered as candidates for building logistic regression models separately by domain (demographics, dental health care behaviours, lifestyle, financial variables, pregnancy-related variables, and knowledge of the possible association between oral health and pregnancy). Significant domain-specific regression results (p< or =0.05) were used to develop a final model using forward stepwise logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 69%. Dental visits during pregnancy were reported by 49% of respondents. Forty-three percent were aware of the possible connection between oral health and pregnancy outcomes. In the final logistic regression analysis, factors significantly associated with reporting dental visits during pregnancy were: (1) personal factors (being married, greater frequency of visiting the dentist when not pregnant and use of inter-proximal cleaning aids); (2) financial factors (dental insurance); and (3) knowledge of the possible connection between oral health and pregnancy outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: There was limited knowledge of the possible relationships between oral health and pregnancy outcomes in a fairly homogeneous population of women who were of relatively high socioeconomic standing. This study suggests that better education of the importance of dental care before and during pregnancy is needed.     

568名妊娠妇女牙周保健意识和经济因素的调查

目的：初步探讨经济因素对妊娠妇女牙周保健意识的影响。方法：对深圳市568名妊娠妇女进行问卷调查。结果：在不同经济收入水平的妊娠妇女之间，牙周保健知识知晓率及孕期牙周疾病就诊率无显著性差异；参加医疗保险者的孕前牙周检查知晓率及孕期牙周疾病就诊率明显高于无医保者；在影响孕期到口腔科就诊的因素中，价格因素排在第4位。结论：经济因素可能不是影响深圳妊娠妇女牙周保健意识的主要因素。     

Self-reported oral health, oral hygiene habits, and dental attendance of pregnant women in Kuwait

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to describe self-reported oral health, oral hygiene habits, and frequency of visits to a dentist among pregnant women in Kuwait. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study with an anonymous structured questionnaire was distributed among 650 pregnant women during May-June 2003, when they were admitted to the maternity ward at the largest government maternity hospital in Kuwait City. The response rate was 93% (n=603). RESULTS: Every fourth respondent was in her first pregnancy, while 36% already had three or more children. Every fifth woman felt that her oral health was poor, and one-third of the women believed that they had periodontal problems currently. About two-thirds of the women were brushing more than once a day and almost all (94%) at least once a day. Over the previous 6 months, 40% had experienced dental pain. Half of the women had visited a dentist during pregnancy, mostly for dental pain. Most of the women had received no instructions concerning oral health care during their pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: A large proportion of the pregnant women in this study had oral health problems; however, half of the women had not seen a dentist during their pregnancy.     

The oral conditions and pregnancy study: periodontal status of a cohort of pregnant women

BACKGROUND: Our objective was to describe the oral health of pregnant women, to determine oral health changes during pregnancy, and to determine factors associated with maternal periodontal health or disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between December 1997 and July 2001, 1,224 pregnant women at < 26 weeks' gestation were enrolled in the study and oral health examinations were performed at enrollment and within 48 hours of delivery. Demographic, medical, and health behavior data were determined by chart abstraction and questionnaire. Comparisons between oral health at enrollment and delivery were made by student t test or Fisher's exact test. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for maternal periodontal disease. RESULTS: Among 903 women, there was a significant increase in those with health/periodontal disease absence between enrollment and delivery (P < 0.001). However, we also observed a significant increase in women with four or more sites with attachment loss > or = 2 mm or > or = 3 mm (P < 0.05, 0.001). Race, smoking, and insurance status were significantly associated with maternal periodontal disease. Black women were more likely than white women to have periodontal disease at enrollment (adj. odds ratio 2.9, 95% confidence interval 2.2 to 3.9) and delivery (adj. odds ratio 3.1, 95% confidence interval 2.2 to 4.2), and experience incident disease (adj. odds ratio 2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.6 to 3.4). CONCLUSIONS: Oral health examinations were well accepted by pregnant women. An increase in attachment loss may represent active periodontal infection accelerated by pregnancy. Further study on racial disparity in oral health among pregnant women is needed. Continued efforts to evaluate and establish appropriate definitions of oral disease in pregnancy are warranted.     

Conceptions of dental amalgam and oral health aspects during pregnancy in Finnish women

Abstract— All 277 pregnant women (mean age 28.4 yr, SD 4.6) living at the Lohja municipal health center area in Southern Finland participated in a survey during the first 6 months in 1990. The women's own opinions of the effect of pregnancy on their oral health were questioned during their first trimester of gestation. A special emphasis was put on the attitudes of dental restorative materials. The results showed that 57% of the subjects would have accepted the use of any restorative material during pregnancy while 43% were against one or more materials. 77 (65%) were opposing dental amalgam. 129 women (47%) were of the opinion that pregnancy as such is detrimental to their dental health. This opinion was significantly more frequent among women who were pregnant for third or more times than those having their first gestation. 70 (26%) thought dental treatment to have an effect on their gestation. Also 70 subjects (26%) thought that dental treatment may affect normal development of the fetus. The results showed that in spite of the long tradition in maternity counseling in Finland, the conceptions among pregnant women are often erroneous from the dental point of view.