培养鼠腺垂体细胞的形态和分泌功能实验研究

目的利用细胞培养技术,对大鼠腺垂体细胞进行体外培养,进而确定腺垂体细胞在体外生长的最佳时机,为垂体移植细胞库的建立以及垂体移植的应用提供实验依据.方法取大鼠腺垂体细胞做体外培养,动态观察培养细胞的生长状态,通过RIA和免疫化学染色技术,评价体外培养的垂体细胞的功能状态.结果培养液中GH、LH的含量在培养的第7天最高,为9.49±2.21(ng/ml)和7.83±1.51(ng/ml),以后逐渐下降.免疫化学染色证实分散培养后的垂体细胞中有多种激素细胞的生长.结论培养至第7天的腺垂体细胞分泌GH、LH的功能状态为最佳,提示适于进行移植或保存.     

垂体腺瘤细胞培养的实验研究

目的通过对垂体腺瘤细胞体外培养以垂体腺瘤细胞为移植物供体进行颅外移植,补充垂体功能不足及为腺垂体移植细胞库的建立奠定基础. 方法利用术中切除的垂体腺瘤组织进行了体外培养,并通过染色和放射免疫测定技术,评价体外培养的垂体腺瘤组织的功能状态,寻找其功能最佳间期的规律. 结果没有NGF和HRP介入的情况下,垂体腺瘤细胞的形态和功能状态在培养的第6天为最佳. 结论体外培养的垂体腺瘤细胞仍具有分泌激素的功能,为以垂体腺瘤细胞为移植物供体进行颅外移植的研究奠定了实验基础.     

垂体腺瘤细胞培养的实验研究

目的 通过对垂体腺瘤细胞体外培养以垂体腺瘤细胞为移植物供体进行颅外移植,补充垂体功能不足及为腺垂体移植细胞库的建立奠定基础。方法 利用术中切除的垂体腺瘤组织进行了体外培养,并通过染色和放射免疫测定技术,评价体外培养的垂体腺瘤组织的功能状态,寻找其功能最佳间期的规律。结果 没有NGF和HRP介入的情况下,垂体腺瘤细胞的形态和功能状态在培养的第6天为最佳。结论 体外培养的垂体腺瘤细胞仍具有分泌激素的功能,为以垂体腺瘤细胞为移植物供体进行颅外移植的研究奠定了实验基础。     

腺垂体细胞培养及低温冻存研究

垂体移植目前依就是解决垂体功能低下的有效治疗手段.垂体细胞的培养及低温冻存是垂体移植研究中的基础.本文对腺垂体培养的发展过程及目前的现状进行了简要的回顾和概括,对低温冻存的理论发展过程做过综述,同时从腺垂体移植发展的角度对垂体细胞培养及垂体移植工作的意义前景做了展望.     

神经营养素-3能够促进体外受损伤大鼠脊髓神经元的存活及其神经突起生长

目的探讨神经营养素-3(NT-3)对体外机械性损伤的大鼠脊髓神经元存活及其神经突起生长影响。方法将体外培养的大鼠脊髓神经元分为4组:正常组、对照组、20 ng/ml NT-3组和40 ng/ml NT-3组。培养4 d后,除正常组外,其余3组建立划痕损伤模型。在划痕损伤后,对照组不做处理,另外2组分别在培养液中加入20 ng/mlNT-3和40 ng/ml NT-3继续培养。直至培养第6 d,应用4%多聚甲醛固定4组细胞。固定后的细胞分别做转移酶介导的三磷酸脱氧鸟苷-生物素刻痕末端标记(TUNEL)、微管相关蛋白2(MAP2)和生长相关蛋白-43(GAP43)免疫荧光染色,检测划痕损伤的神经元凋亡及其神经突起生长情况。结果免疫荧光化学染色显示,与对照组相比,应用NT-3处理的2组可以显著降低划痕损伤后的脊髓神经元凋亡率,并促进其神经突起生长。尤其是40 ng/mlNT-3组的神经元凋亡率最低,其神经突起可穿过划痕损伤边界。结论 NT-3能够促进体外机械性损伤的大鼠脊髓神经元存活及其神经突起生长。     

三叶因子3在大鼠腺垂体嗜色细胞中的定位

目的探讨三叶因子3(TFF3)在腺垂体远侧部嗜酸性细胞和嗜碱性细胞中的表达,明确TFF3在远侧部的分布。方法采用相邻切片的免疫组织化学染色,在相邻切片上分别显示TFF3/生长激素(GH)、TFF3/催乳素(PRL)、TFF3/促甲状腺激素(TSH)、TFF3/促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、TFF3/卵泡刺激素(FSH)、TFF3/黄体生成素(LH)的表达。结果 TFF3和各嗜色细胞的免疫反应产物为棕黄色,主要位于细胞质,ACTH免疫阳性信号在胞膜也有表达,主要分布在腺垂体的远侧部。邻片显示TFF3存在于部分GH、PRL、TSH、ACTH、FSH、LH细胞,分别占19.4%、22.4%、9.2%、6.5%、35.7%、8.3%,以FSH最多,PRL、GH次之。结论垂体远侧部TFF3可分别表达于GH、PRL、TSH、ACTH、FSH、LH细胞。     

用组织块法培养成年、老年鼠神经干细胞

体外组织块培养成年、老年哺乳动物室管膜下区 ( SVZ)神经干细胞的研究甚少。本研究的目的是探索体外培养神经干细胞的实用方法及扩充神经干细胞作为移植或基因转移的供体细胞来源。取 8、1 4及 2 4月龄 SD大鼠 (雌雄不拘 ) SVZ组织块作体外培养 ,在 DMEM/F1 2 B2 7培养液中加入 b FGF( 2 0 ng/ml) ,促进其组织块形成神经小球 ,刺激神经干细胞增殖 ,并用 Nestin免疫组化鉴定。结果显示 ,培养 7～ 1 0 d产生的神经小球数量多 ,细胞生长状态佳 ,绝大多数细胞为 Nestin阳性的神经干细胞 ,此期的神经干细胞较适宜于作细胞移植或基因转…     

腺垂体细胞培养及低温冻存研究

垂体移植目前依就是解决垂体功能低下的有效治疗手段。垂体细胞的培养及低温冻存是垂体移植研究中心的基础。本文对腺垂体培养的发展过程及目前的现状进行了简要的回顾和概括，对低温冻存的理论发展过程做过综述，同时从腺垂体移植发展的角度对垂体细胞培养及垂体移植工作的意义前景做了展望。     

内皮祖细胞移植对动脉粥样硬化模型大鼠脑缺血再灌注后学习记忆能力与脑顶叶皮质的影响

目的 探讨内皮祖细胞(EPCs)移植对动脉粥样硬化(AS)模型大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤(IRI)后学习记忆能力与脑顶叶皮质结构的影响.方法 高脂膳食饲养建立30只动脉粥样硬化大鼠模型,随机分为AS组,IRI组和EPCs移植组.采集骨髓分离EPCs并体外扩增培养,检测其表面标记物的表达;第7天采用线栓法制作局灶性IRI模型,建模成功后1d EPCs移植组经尾静脉移植EPCs,IRI组与AS组给予等量体积的磷酸盐缓冲液.移植后7d检测各组大鼠的行为能力、脑组织血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)含量及其mRNA表达与其结构的病理改变.结果 培养24h后见细胞贴壁生长逐渐变为梭形;第3天细胞明显增殖集落形成;第5天细胞集落逐渐增大呈现克隆样生长;第7天细胞汇合达80%;第10～14天细胞基本铺满瓶底呈铺路石样密集排列.荧光显微镜下,DIL-ac-LDL和FITC-UEA-1双荧光染色的细胞数占贴壁细胞数的75%以上.与IRI组相比,EPCs移植后大鼠的学习记忆能力较IRI组明显改善,VEGF含量及其mRNA表达显著下降(P<0.05).光镜下,EPCs移植组大鼠脑缺血侧顶叶皮质Caspase-3和胶质细胞原纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)阳性神经元均较IRI组明显下降(P<0.05).结论 EPCs移植能改善AS模型大鼠脑IRI后的学习记忆能力、减轻脑组织的病理损害,这些变化提示EPCs促进了神经的修复.     

红景天素对老龄大鼠垂体生长激素细胞的影响

采用放射免疫技术、垂体生长激素细胞特殊染色法体视学方法对老龄大鼠血液中生长激素含量、垂体生长激素细胞的核质比和细胞核直径进行测试。结果:血液中生长激素含量,给药组3.222±0.5757ng/ml,对照组2.0480±0.7855ng/ml;生长激素细胞的核质比,给药组1.0700±0.1606,对照组0.4700±0.0572(P<0.01);生长激素细胞核直径,给药组16.8557±1.0982μm,对照组14.8356±1.0386μm(P<0.05)。结果表明,红景天素能使老年大鼠生长激素细胞核增大,核质比增加,从而使细胞蛋白质合成增加,生长激素合成增加,血中的生长激素含量增加。由于生长激素对人体的…     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

What will studies of Fulani individuals naturally exposed to malaria teach us about protective immunity to malaria?

There are an estimated over 200 million yearly cases of malaria worldwide. Despite concerted international effort to combat the disease, it still causes approximately half a million deaths every year, the majority of which are young children with Plasmodium falciparum infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Successes are largely attributed to malaria prevention strategies, such as insecticide-treated mosquito nets and indoor spraying, as well as improved access to existing treatments. One important hurdle to new approaches for the treatment and prevention of malaria is our limited understanding of the biology of Plasmodium infection and its complex interaction with the immune system of its human host. Therefore, the elimination of malaria in Africa not only relies on existing tools to reduce malaria burden, but also requires fundamental research to develop innovative approaches. Here, we summarize our discoveries from investigations of ethnic groups of West Africa who have different susceptibility to malaria.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.