肢体导联ST段改变对急性前壁心肌梗死患者冠脉闭塞部位的预测价值

目的：结合冠状动脉造影结果分析肢体导联ST段改变对判断急性前壁心肌梗死患者冠脉闭塞部位的预测价值。方法入选84例因急性前壁梗死行冠状动脉造影检查的患者,对其发病后心电图肢体导联ST段改变的情况进行分析。结果冠状动脉造影发现,前降支近端病变（伴或不伴远端病变）,肢体导联Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF多表现为ST段压低≥0．1 mV;前降支远端病变（不伴近端病变）,肢体导联Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF的ST段多表现为抬高或无明显压低。结论对于急性前壁心肌梗死患者,心电图肢体导联ST段改变可以预测冠状动脉闭塞部位,对早期诊断和治疗方案选择有一定的指导意义。     

体表心电图对老年急性前壁心肌梗死左前降支闭塞部位的预测价值

目的探讨体表心电图对老年急性前壁心肌梗死左前降支（LAD）闭塞部位的预测价值。方法对62例老年急性前壁心肌梗死患者的入院心电图和冠状动脉造影资料进行回顾性分析,寻找可以预测LAD闭塞部位的心电图改变。结果62例老年急性前壁心肌梗死患者均为LAD闭塞,其中近段闭塞者45例（72.6%）,远段闭塞者17例（27.4%）。经χ2检验,STⅠ抬高、STaVL抬高、STaVF压低或至少2个下壁导联ST段压低等指标提示LAD近段闭塞（P均〈0.05）。其中,STaVF压低或至少2个下壁导联ST段压低的特异度和阳性预测值最高,为94%左右,灵敏度以STaVL抬高最高,为56%;反之,STaVL压低和STⅢ抬高则在预测LAD远段闭塞上有显著意义（P均〈0.05）,特异度和阳性预测值以STaVL压低为最高,均为100%。结论急性前壁心肌梗死时,体表心电图对预测LAD闭塞部位有重要价值。     

急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸导联ST段压低的临床意义

目的探讨急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸导联ST段压低的临床意义。方法观察64例急性下壁心肌梗死胸导联ST段压低与常规及24h动态心电图检查结果的关系。结果①单纯下壁心肌梗死不伴胸导联ST段改变显著多于伴胸导联ST段改变(P<0.01),下壁伴正后壁心肌梗死伴胸导联ST段改变显著多于不伴胸导联ST段改变(P<0.01),而下壁伴右心室心肌梗死与胸导联ST段改变无明显区别(P>0.05)。②伴胸导联ST段改变者严重室性心律失常与房室传导阻滞的发生率均较不伴胸导联ST段改变者高(P<0.05)。结论急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸导联ST段压低表明心肌梗死广泛,严重室性心律失常和房室传导阻滞的发生率明显增多。     

Electrocardiographic criteria for predicting total occlusion of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery in anterior wall acute myocardial infarction

BACKGROUND: Patients with occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) proximal to both the first septal branch and the first diagonal branch may benefit most from early reperfusion therapy due to extensive area at risk. HYPOTHESIS: The aim of the study was to examine whether 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) in the acute phase of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) could identify total occlusion of the LAD proximal to both the first septal and the first diagonal branch. METHODS: A 12-lead electrocardiogram was recorded on admission in 128 patients with anterior AMI within 12 h from symptom onset. Patients were divided into three groups according to the culprit lesion: 33 patients had total occlusion of the LAD proximal to both the first septal perforator and the first diagonal branch (Group P), in 51 it was proximal to either the first septal perforator or the first diagonal branch (Group D-a), and in 44 it was distal to both the first septal perforator and the first diagonal branch (Group D-b). RESULTS: Sensitivity and specificity of a greater degree of ST-segment depression in lead III than that of ST-segment elevation in lead aVL were 85 and 95%, respectively, which was better than the results derived by all other ECG criteria (p< 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that a greater degree of ST-segment depression in lead III than that of ST-segment elevation in lead aVL is a useful predictor of proximal LAD occlusion in patients with anterior AMI.     

Acute anterior wall myocardial infarction entailing ST-segment elevation in lead V3R, V1 or aVR: electrocardiographic and angiographic correlations

Background

The correlation between ST-segment elevation (ST↑) in lead V₃R (ST↑_V3R), lead V₁ (ST↑_V1), and lead aVR (ST↑_aVR) during anterior wall acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and the culprit lesion site in the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery and the nature of the conal branch of the right coronary artery has not been throughly described.

Methods

One hundred forty-two patients with first anterior wall AMI were included. The 15-lead electrocardiogram with the standard 12 leads plus leads V₃R through V₅R showing the most pronounced ST-segment deviation before initiation of reperfusion therapy was evaluated and correlated with the exact LAD occlusion site in relation to the first septal perforator (S1) and the nature of the conal branch of the right coronary artery as determined by coronary angiography.

Results

ST-segment elevation in lead aVR, ST↑_V1 of at least 2 mm, and ST↑_V3R of at least 1 mm were more prevalent among patients with occlusions proximal to S1 than patients with occlusions distal to S1 (41.7% vs 4.9%, P < .01; 30.0% vs 7.3%, P < .01; and 91.7% vs 4.9%, P < .01, respectively). Of the 60 patients with occlusions proximal to S1, 20 patients had a small conal branch (18 patients with ST↑_aVR and 15 patients with ST↑_V1 ≥2 mm), and 24 patients had a large conal branch (all patients with non-ST↑_aVR and ST↑_V1 <2 mm; P < .01). The sensitivity of ST↑_V1 of more than 1 mm, of at least 2 mm, ST↑_V3R of at least 1.5 mm, and ST↑_aVR for detecting a small conal branch was 65.1%, 81.8%, 84.0%, and 90%, respectively; the specificity was 68.5%, 64%, 66.7%, and 64.9%, respectively.

Conclusions

In patients with anterior wall AMI, ST↑_V3R of at least 1 mm combined with ST↑ in leads V₂ through V₄ were strongly predictive of LAD occlusion proximal to S1; furthermore, ST↑_aVR and ST↑_V1 of at least 2 mm were found to be useful in identifying LAD occlusion proximal to S1. ST↑_aVR, ST↑_V3R of at least 1.5 mm, and ST↑_V1 of at least 2.0 mm were also associated with the presence of a small conal branch not reaching the intraventricular septum during anterior wall AMI.     

心电图诊断冠脉前降支闭塞部位的研究

目的 探讨前壁急性心肌梗死(AMI)体表心电图(ECG)预测前降支(LAD)阻塞部位的准确率.方法 对2010年6月至2013年12月在井冈山大学附属医院心血管科145例前壁AMI患者ECG预测阻塞部位与冠状动脉造影术(CAG)显示阻塞部位进行对比分析.以大对角支(LD)或第一对角支(D1)为界划分LAD为近远段.结果 前间壁AMI 20例,LAD阻塞部位均在LD或D1开口以远.前壁AMI、前壁+下壁AMI共67例LAD阻塞部位大多在LD或D1开口以远(80.6％ vs.86.6％),两种分界法差异无统计学意义(p=0.351).广泛前壁、广泛前壁+高侧壁、前壁+高侧壁AMI共58例LAD阻塞部位多发生LD或D1开口以近(96.55％vs.72.4％),两种分界法差异有显著的统计学意义(p=0.000),以LD为界有较高的阳性预测值(96.55％ vs.72.41％ p=0.000)、特异度(97.3％ vs.83％,p=0.003),心电图判断LAD近段阻塞以LD分界更准确.结论 前壁AMI心电图对预测LAD阻塞部位有较高的准确率.     

急性前壁心肌梗死心电图ST段改变与前降支阻塞部位关系的研究

目的探讨急性前壁心肌梗死心电图的ST段改变与冠状动脉阻塞部位的关系。方法对34例急性前壁心肌梗死病人进行回顾性分析。结果34例患者中19例为前降支病变,15例为前降支合并多支血管病变,心电图STⅠ、aVL抬高,STⅡ、Ⅲ、aVF压低,STaVL>STⅠ,STV2>STaVR,STV3/Ⅱ<-2.3,均为前降支近端狭窄,STⅡ、Ⅲ、aVF、V5、V6抬高,STV5>STⅡ,STV6>STaVF,均为前降支远端狭窄。结论急性前壁心肌梗死病人进行心电图常规检查,可以预测梗死与冠状动脉阻塞部位的关系。STⅠ、aVL抬高,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF压低>1mm,为前降支近端病变。Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF、V5、V6抬高>1mm为前降支远端病变。     

急性前壁心肌梗死时心电图下壁导联ST段改变与左前降支长度和病变部位的关系

目的 探讨急性前壁心肌梗死时下壁ST段改变与左前降支（LAD）长度和病变部位的关系。方法 对75例急性前壁心肌梗死患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析，根据心肌梗死初期是否伴有下壁ST段改变而将患者分成3组，即伴有下壁ST段压低者为I组，伴有下壁ST段抬高者为Ⅱ组，下壁ST段无改变者为Ⅲ组，并与冠状动脉造影结果进行对照。结果 I组中72％患者为LAD非优势近端病变。Ⅱ组中60％患者为LAD优势远端病变；Ⅲ组中LAD优势近端病变与LAD非优势远端病变所占比例相似。结论 急性前壁心肌梗死时下壁ST段改变可能与LAD长度和病变部位有关。     

aVR导联ST段抬高对急性心肌梗死预后的价值

目的探讨心电图aVR导联ST段抬高对急性前壁心肌梗死患者预后的价值。方法首次入院急性前壁心肌梗死患者57例，对其心电图和冠状动脉造影及临床资料进行对比分析。根据心电图aVR导联ST段变化分为抬高组、无偏移组。结果梗死相关血管为左主干病变的ST段抬高组、ST段无偏移组分别为5例（21．7％）、1例（2．9％），两组统计有显著性差异（p〈0．01）；病变范围为多支病变ST段抬高组、ST段无偏移组分别为10例（43．4％）、8例（23．5％），两组统计有显著性差异（p〈0．05）；发生心脏事件ST段抬高组、ST段无偏移组分别为8例（34.8％）、3例（8．8％），两组有显著性差异（p〈0．01）。结论aVR导联ST段抬高对预测急性前壁心肌梗死患者的预后有重要的价值，应高度重视。     

心电图对急性下壁心肌梗死患者梗死相关血管及闭塞部位的预测价值

目的:探讨急性下壁心肌梗死患者的体表心电图对梗死相关血管及闭塞部位的预测价值。方法:对62例急性下壁心肌梗死患者的体表心电图和冠状动脉造影资料进行回顾性对比分析。结果:梗死相关血管为右冠状动脉者50例(80.65%),左回旋支者12例(19.35%)。单纯急性下壁心肌梗死多发生在右冠状动脉中远段(62.07%);并发右室梗死者均发生在右冠状动脉,且多发生在右冠状动脉近段(70.00%)。STⅢ抬高/STⅡ抬高>1、STaVL压低≥0.5mm、STV1抬高≥0.5mm、STV3压低/STⅢ抬高≤1.2提示梗死相关血管为右冠状动脉的灵敏度分别为88.00%、90.00%、66.00%、72.00%,特异度分别为58.33%、75.00%、83.33%、66.67%。STⅢ抬高/STⅡ抬高≤1、STaVL呈等电位线或抬高、STV1压低≥0.5mm、STV3压低/STⅢ抬高>1.2提示梗死相关血管为左回旋支的灵敏度分别为58.33%、75.00%、66.67%、66.67%,特异度分别为88.00%、90.00%、80.00%、72.00%。结论:急性下壁心肌梗死时,体表心电图对梗死相关血管及闭塞部位有重要的预测价值。     

ST segment depression in lateral limb leads in inferior wall acute myocardial infarction: Implications regarding the culprit artery and the site of obstruction

We examined whether the pattern of ST segment depression inlateral leads (I, aVL, V5, V6) in the initial electrocardiogramof patients (n=88) with inferior wall acute myocardial infarction(ST segment elevation of 1 mm in 2 inferior leads) correlateswith the site of obstruction, as determined angiographicallyduring acute hospitalization. Of the 62 patients in which the culprit artery could be determinedunequivocally, in 46 the culprit artery was the right coronaryartery (20 proximal to the first right ventricular branch and26 distal), and in 16 the left circumflex coronary artery (sevenproximal to the first marginal branch or involving a high firstmarginal branch, and nine with distal obstruction). SignificantST segment depression (ST1 mm) in leads I and aVL was more commonin right coronary artery obstruction (P<0.05 and P<0.0001,respectively). The absence of significant ST segment depressionin lead a VL was most common in proximal circumflex obstruction(P<0.0001), with a similar trend for lead I (P<0.11).ST segment depression patterns in leads V₅ and V₆ were not indicativeof the infarct-related artery or the site of obstruction. Thus,significant ST segment depression in leads I and aVL indicatesright coronary artery-associated inferior wall acute myocardialinfarction with a sensitivity of 70% and 100%, and a specificityof 63% and 38%, respectively, whereas the lack of ST segmentdepression in these leads indicates proximal circumflex obstructionwith a sensitivity of 71% and 86%, and a specificity of 65%and 100%, respectively.     

体表心电图对老年急性下壁心肌梗死患者梗死相关血管的预测价值

目的探讨体表心电图对老年急性下壁心肌梗死患者梗死相关血管(IRA)的预测价值。方法对70例老年急性下壁心肌梗死患者的入院心电图和冠状动脉造影资料进行回顾性分析,寻找可以预测IRA的心电图改变。结果70例老年急性下壁心肌梗死患者中,IRA为左前降支(LAD)者3例(4%),右冠状动脉(RCA)者53例(76%),左回旋支动脉(LCx)者14例(20%)。经χ2检验,STV1抬高、STⅢ抬高>STⅡ抬高、STⅠ和(或)STaVL压低、STV3压低/STⅢ抬高≤1.2等4项指标提示RCA为IRA。其中,STV1抬高的特异度和阳性预测值最高,均为100%;灵敏度则以STI和(或)STaVL压低为最高,达94%。反之,STV1压低、STⅢ抬高≤STⅡ抬高、STⅠ和(或)STaVL抬高、STV3压低/STⅢ抬高>1.2提示LCx闭塞可能性大。其中灵敏度和阴性预测值以STV1压低为最高,分别为71%和89%,特异度和阳性预测值则以STⅠ和(或)STaVL抬高为最高,均为100%。结论急性下壁心肌梗死时,体表心电图对预测IRA有重要价值。     

Implications of the absence of ST-segment elevation in lead V4R in patients who have inferior wall acute myocardial infarction with right ventricular involvement

BACKGROUND: ST-segment elevation of > or = 1.0 mm in lead V4R has been shown to be a reliable marker of right ventricular involvement (RVI), a strong predictor of a poor outcome in patients with inferior acute myocardial infarction (IMI). However, patients with no ST-segment elevation in lead V4R despite the presence of RVI have received little attention. HYPOTHESIS: The study was undertaken to study the clinical features of patients with no ST-segment elevation in lead V4R despite the presence of RVI, which means false negative, as such patients have received little attention in the past. METHODS: We studied 62 patients with a first IMI, who had total occlusion of the right coronary artery (RCA) proximal to the first right ventricular branch and successful reperfusion within 6 h from symptom onset, to examine the implications of the absence of ST-segment elevation in lead V4R despite the presence of RVI. RESULTS: A standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and right precordial ECG (lead V4R) were recorded on admission, and three posterior chest ECGs (leads V7 to V9) were additionally recorded in 34 patients. Patients were classified according to the absence (Group 1, n = 18) or presence (Group 2, n = 44) of ST-segment elevation of > or = 1.0 mm in lead V4R on admission. Patients in Group 1 had a greater ST-segment elevation in leads V7 to V9 (2.9+/-2.4 vs. 1.4+/-3.0 mm. p < 0.05), a higher frequency of a dominant RCA (defined as the distribution score > or = 0.7) (72 vs. 11%, p < 0.001), and a higher peak creatine kinase level (3760+/-1548 vs. 2809+/-1824 mU/ml, p < 0.05) than those in Group 2. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with IMI caused by the occlusion of the RCA proximal to the first right ventricular branch, no ST-segment elevation in lead V4R can occur because of concomitant posterior involvement. In such patients, the incidence of RVI may be underestimated on the basis of ST-segment elevation in lead V4R.     

aVR导联ST段抬高对非ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死的意义

目的：探讨aVR导联ST段抬高（ ST segment elevation ,STSE）对于非STSE型急性心肌梗死（ acute myocardial infarction , AMI ）的预测价值。方法回顾性分析425例非STSE 型AMI患者的心电图资料,并观察各导联ST段压低情况及是否存在T波倒置。对所测定数据进行整理和统计学处理。结果 aVR导联STSE多见于完全性右束支阻滞、左心室肥厚以及V1导联STSE的患者,在其他导联广泛ST段压低的患者中也较为多见;此类情况在T波倒置患者中较少见。本研究中,22例在住院时死亡,其中5例死于心源性休克。患者住院死亡率的不断升高和aVR导联STSE的等级不断上升相关。多重变量分析表明,aVR导联STSE已经成为预测住院死亡的独立重要变量。 aVR导联STSE大都与住院患者的心肌缺血时间以及发生心力衰竭相关,但是与血清肌酸激酶或肌酸激酶同工酶 MB 的水平高低没有相关性。结论如果aVR导联STSE和严重冠状动脉病变之间的联系,能够在大样本非STSE型AMI患者群体中得到进一步验证,那么aVR导联STSE就可以成为选择早期介入治疗患者的一个较为有用的指标。     

Significance of ST-Segment elevation in V4R lead in patients with anterior myocardial infarction

Background

There is some evidence of the association between ST-segment elevation in the V4R chest lead and the likelihood of anterior wall myocardial infarction; however, the link of this phenomenon with the location and the severity of the coronary involvements in such patients remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate the ST-segment elevation in V4R leads in patients with anterior myocardial infarction and also its effect on prognosis as well as the detection and prediction of the location of arterial stenosis in coronary angiography.

Methods

Data collection was performed by reviewing the hospital recorded files of 195 patients’ suspicion of acute myocardial infarction who have been referred within 2 h of the onset of cardiac symptoms. The patients were then categorized into two groups with and without ST elevation in the V4R chest lead.

Results

Comparing two groups showed a significantly higher rate of concurrent ST-segment elevation in V₁ lead in those with ST-segment elevation in V4R. Echocardiography on the day after anterior myocardial infarction showed LVEF <40% in 74% and 35.2% of patients with and without ST-segment elevation in V4R, respectively, indicating a significant difference. The lesions on proximal LAD were more common in the group with ST-segment elevation in V4R.

Conclusion

Our study emphasized a high likelihood of ST-segment elevation in V4R lead concurrently with ST-elevation in V₁ lead. Also, the appearance of ST-segment elevation in V4R lead can be accompanied with a lower LVEF, myocardial infarct size, involvement of proximal part of LAD, and Wrap around LAD.

     

Electrocardiographic identification of the culprit coronary artery in inferior wall ST elevation myocardial infarction

BACKGROUND:

Electrocardiograms (ECGs) are essential in identifying the type and location of acute myocardial infarction. In the setting of inferior wall myocardial infarction (IWMI), identification of the right coronary artery (RCA) as the culprit artery is important because of the potential complications associated with its involvement.

OBJECTIVES:

To evaluate previous ECG criteria used for the identification of RCA involvement and validate them in the Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of a New Treatment Strategy with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (ASSENT 4 PCI) cohort; and to develop an improved simplified score to identify RCA involvement.

METHODS:

ASSENT 4 PCI patients with IWMI (n=710) were included in the present study. A literature review was conducted to identify previously published criteria to detect RCA involvement. Logistic regression was used to develop a new simplified algorithm for identifying RCA involvement.

RESULTS:

The sensitivities and specificities of six previous ECG criteria were substantially lower when applied to the ASSENT 4 PCI population. A new algorithm found that ST segment depression in leads I, aVL and V6, and ST segment elevation of greater than 1 mm in lead aVF was associated with a higher likelihood of RCA involvement, and any ST segment depression in V1 and V3 was associated with a lower likelihood of RCA involvement. A simplified risk score found a prevalence of RCA involvement of over 90% among patients with scores of greater than two.

CONCLUSIONS:

The ECG is useful in identifying RCA involvement in IWMI before angiography. Previously published criteria appear to be inadequate, and the simple algorithm presented in the current study may be a useful tool in identifying RCA involvement at the bedside.     

心电图预测急性下壁心肌梗死罪犯血管的价值

目的 探讨体表心电图不同指标对急性下壁心肌梗死患者罪犯血管的预测价值.方法 对73例急性下壁心肌梗死患者的入院心电图和冠状动脉造影资料进行回顾性分析,寻找可以预测罪犯血管[即梗死相关动脉(IRA)]的心电图改变.结果 73例急性下壁心肌梗死患者中右冠状动脉(RCA)闭塞者59例(81％),左回旋支动脉(LCx)闭塞者1...     

V_1导联ST-T改变与前降支病变部位的关系

目的结合冠脉造影分析心电图V1导联在判断前降支病变位置中的价值及临床应用。方法入选106例因急性前壁心肌梗死行冠脉造影检查的患者,并对其发病后心电图V1导联ST段抬高的程度进行分析。结果冠脉造影发现,前降支近段病变者,V1导联ST段明显抬高≥2.5mV;前降支远段病变者,V1导联ST段抬高<2.5mV。同时近段病变者行急诊PCI术的成功率高于远段病变者。结论急性前壁心肌梗死患者,心电图V1导联ST段的变化可以预测前降支闭塞的位置,对治疗有一定的指导意义。     

Myocardial bridging of the left anterior descending coronary artery in acute inferior wall myocardial infarction

BACKGROUND: We observed marked myocardial bridging of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in the acute stages of inferior wall myocardial infarction (MI) in a group of patients who developed shock despite successful reperfusion of the infarct-related lesion (IRL). HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the clinical significance of myocardial bridging in patients with inferior wall MI and shock. METHODS: The study group consisted of 53 patients with single-vessel disease of the right coronary artery, who underwent coronary angiography for acute inferior wall MI. Clinical characteristics, coronary angiographic findings, and left ventricular function during the chronic phase were compared between the patients who developed shock (the shock group) and those who did not (the non-shock group). In addition, a multiple logistic analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of shock in patients with acute inferior wall MI. RESULTS: Reperfusion of the IRL was obtained in all 53 patients. The incidence of myocardial bridging of the LAD, the incidence of right ventricular MI, the peak creatine phosphokinase (CPK-MB). the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and the prevalence of pulmonary congestion seen on chest roentgenogram were significantly higher in the shock group than in the non-shock group. Myocardial bridging (p = 0.0018), right ventricular MI (p = 0.0374), and peak CPK-MB (p = 0.0189) were identified as independent predictors of shock in acute inferior wall MI. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that myocardial bridging plays a role in left ventricular function in the acute stage of inferior wall MI.