Ⅲ、Ⅳ级脑胶质瘤术后调强放疗联合替莫唑胺化疗的临床研究

目的评价Ⅲ、Ⅳ级脑胶质瘤术后调强放疗同步替莫唑胺化疗的疗效和毒副反应。方法回顾性分析我科2006年1月至2009年1月22例Ⅲ、Ⅳ级脑胶质瘤术后患者资料,所有患者采用调强放疗同步整合加量技术,处方剂量为PGTV 60Gy/25次,2.4Gy/次;PCTV 50Gy/25次,2.0Gy/次。其中有9例患者在放疗开始时口服替莫唑胺,剂量为150mg·m-2·d-1,连服5天,每4周为1个周期,最多连续服用6个周期。结果全组1、2年总生存率是68.8%、56%。平均生存时间12.1个月。单因素分析结果显示病理分级（χ2=15.232,P=0.000）和化疗（χ2=7.128,P=0.008）是影响预后的因素。多因素分析结果显示病理分级（P=0.002）是影响预后的独立因素。结论调强放疗同步整合加量技术同步替莫唑胺化疗是安全有效的,生存结果同历史对照相似。更确切的疗效需扩大病例数进一步研究。     

Preliminary clinical experience with laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

The purpose of this preliminary study was to evaluate whether laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) may be used for palliative treatment of localized hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). We applied LITT to two patients suffering from unresectable localized hepatocellular carcinomas of different sizes (2.5 and 4 cm). LITT was performed with an Nd:YAG laser (1,064 nm) at 5 W laser power (15–20 minutes). Thermometry during LITT was performed by MRI using a temperature-sensitive T1-weighted fast low-angle shot (FLASH) sequence. Follow-up for local tumor control was performed by MRI and ultrasound. LITT was well tolerated and no adverse events occurred during or after LITT; no secondary liver lesions were seen in the follow-up (11 or 12 months, respectively). Only minimal tumor growth was observed in the larger HCC (from 4 to 5 cm), whereas the smaller HCC remained unchanged in size during 11 months of follow-up. We conclude that LITT might be an effective minimally invasive palliative treatment option for patients with small unresectable HCC.     

高级别胶质瘤ADC值与Ki-67的相关性研究

目的本研究旨在探讨高级别胶质瘤ADC值与Ki-67的相关性。方法 30例高级别胶质瘤患者在治疗前行常规MRI、增强扫描及弥散张量成像(DTI),利用DTI图像分析软件包(DTI tracking)测量肿瘤实体区的ADC值。采用免疫组织化学染色方法对30例高级别胶质瘤的Ki-67表达进行观察,测定Ki-67标记指数,分析ADC值与Ki-67表达程度的相关性。结果 30例高级别胶质瘤瘤实体区的Ki-67表达程度:+++(LI≥50%)12例、++(25≤LI<50%)10例、+––(0≤LI<25%)8例。瘤实体区ADC值:+++〔(0.999±0.183)×10-3 mm2/s〕、++〔(1.151±0.152)×10-3 mm2/s〕和+––〔(1.444±0.175)×10-3 mm2/s〕),非参数多个样本Kruskal-Wallis检验法分析显示不同程度Ki-67表达组的瘤实体区ADC值间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ADC值与Ki-67表达程度成负相关(r=-0.503,P<0.05)。结论对高级别胶质瘤瘤实体区ADC值的分析有助于预测高级别胶质瘤细胞的Ki-67表达,可间接评估肿瘤的增殖程度。     

Imaging of the lungs using 3he MRI: Preliminary clinical experience in 18 patients with and without lung disease

The purpose of this study was to describe the 3He MRI findings of normal pulmonary ventilation in healthy volunteers and to evaluate abnormalities in patients with different lung diseases. Hyperpolarized 3He gas (300 ml, 3 × 10⁵ Pa, polarized to 35–45% by optical pumping, provided in special glass cells) was inhaled by 8 healthy volunteers and 10 patients with different lung diseases. Imaging was performed with a three-dimensional fast low-angle shot (FLASH) sequence (TR = 11.8 msec; TE = 5 msec; transmitter amplitude, 5–8 V; corresponding flip angle, <5°) in a single breath-hold (22–42 seconds). Clinical and radiologic examinations were available for correlation. The studies were performed successfully in eight of eight volunteers and in 8 of 10 patients. The lung parenchyma of volunteers with normal ventilatory function exhibited rather homogeneous intermediate to high signal, whereas patients with chronic obstructive lung disease or bronchiectasis presented with severe signal inhomogeneities with patchy or wedge-shaped defects. The mass effect of bronchogenic carcinoma, chronic empyema, lymphadenopathy, or pleural effusion caused large signal defects, representing the lesion and adjacent hypoventilation, the extent of which had not been presumed from chest x-ray or CT. 3He MRI is a promising new modality for the assessment of pulmonary ventilation and its abnormalities. Additional studies are needed to determine its potential clinical role.     

Comparison of region-of-interest analysis with three different histogram analysis methods in the determination of perfusion metrics in patients with brain gliomas

PURPOSE: To compare routine ROI analysis and three different histogram analyses in the grading of glial neoplasms. The hypothesis is that histogram methods can provide a robust and objective technique for quantifying perfusion data in brain gliomas. Current region-of-interest (ROI)-based methods for the analysis of dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (DSC MRI) data are operator-dependent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 92 patients underwent conventional and DSC MRI. Multiple histogram metrics were obtained for cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), and relative CBV (rCBV) maps using tumoral (T), peritumoral (P), and total tumoral (TT) analysis. Results were compared to histopathologic grades. Statistical analysis included Mann-Whitney (MW) tests, Spearman rank correlation coefficients, logistic regression, and McNemar tests. RESULTS: The maximum value of rCBV (rCBV(max)) showed highly significant correlation with glioma grade (r = 0.734, P < 0.001). The strongest histogram correlations (P < 0.0001) occurred with rCBV(T) SD (r = 0.718), rCBV(P) SD(25) (r = 0.724) and rCBV(TT) SD(50) (r = 0.685). Multiple rCBV(T), rCBV(P), and rCBV(TT) histogram metrics showed significant correlations. CBF and CBV histogram metrics were less strongly correlated with glioma grade than rCBV histogram metrics. CONCLUSION: Histogram analysis of perfusion MR provides prediction of glioma grade, with peritumoral metrics outperforming tumoral and total tumoral metrics. Further refinement may lead to automated methods for perfusion data analysis.     

Relationship between choline and apparent diffusion coefficient in patients with gliomas

PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) from diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and choline levels from proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) in newly diagnosed Grade II and IV gliomas within distinct anatomic regions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 37 patients with Grade II and 28 patients with Grade IV glioma were scanned on a 1.5T system with 3D MRSI and DWI. Region level analysis included Spearman rank correlation between median normalized ADC and choline for each patient per grade within each distinct abnormal anatomical region. Voxel level analysis calculated a Spearman rank correlation per region, per patient. RESULTS: Grade II lesions showed no evidence of a correlation between normalized ADC and choline using either the region or voxel level analysis. Region level analysis of Grade IV lesions did not appear to correlate in the contrast enhancement or necrotic core, but did suggest a significant negative correlation in the more heterogeneous nonenhancing and combined regions. CONCLUSION: There appears to be differences in the relationship between ADC and choline levels in Grade II and Grade IV gliomas. Correlation within these regions in Grade IV lesions was strongest when all regions were included, suggesting heterogeneity may be driving the relationship.     

Whole-body MR angiography using a novel 32-receiving-channel MR system with surface coil technology: first clinical experience

PURPOSE: To demonstrate the feasibility of detecting atherosclerotic vascular disease using an innovative magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) protocol in combination with a dedicated whole-body MR scanner with new surface coil technology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 10 volunteers and eight patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) were examined at 1.5 T. Conventional digital subtraction angiography (DSA) of the symptomatic region was available as a reference standard in all eight patients. Depending on subjects' size, four to five three-dimensional data sets were acquired using an adapted injection protocol. Images were assessed independently by two readers for vascular pathology. Additionally, signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) were measured. RESULTS: Whole-body MRA yielded excellent sensitivity and specificity of more than 95% for both readers with high interobserver agreement (k = 0.93). Surface coil signal reception rendered a high SNR (mean 151.28 +/- 54.04) and CNR (mean 120.75 +/- 46.47). Despite lower SNR and CNR of the cranial and cervical vessels, a two-step injection protocol exhibited less venous superposition and therefore proved to be superior compared to single-bolus injection. CONCLUSION: Our approach provides accurate noninvasive high-resolution imaging of systemic atherosclerotic disease, covering the arterial vasculature from intracranial arteries to distal runoff vessels. The recently introduced MR scanner and coil technology is feasible to significantly increase the performance of whole-body MRA.     

Sampling requirements in DCE‐MRI based analysis of high grade gliomas: Simulations and clinical results

Purpose:

To investigate the effect of variations in temporal resolution and total measurement times on the estimations of kinetic parameters derived from dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) MRI in patients with high‐grade gliomas (HGGs).

Materials and Methods:

DCE‐MRI with high temporal resolution (dynamic sampling time (T_s) = 2.1 s and 3.4 s) and total sampling time (T_acq) of 5.2 min was acquired in 101 examinations from 15 patients. Using the modified Tofts model K^trans, k_ep v_e and v_p were estimated. The effects of increasing T_s and reducing T_acq on the estimated kinetic parameters were estimated through down‐sampling and data truncation, and the results were compared with numerical simulations.

Results:

There was an overall dependence of all four kinetic parameters on T_s and T_acq. Increasing T_s resulted in under‐estimation of K^trans and over‐estimation of V_p, whereas k_ep and V_e varied in a less predictable manner. Reducing T_acq resulted in over‐estimation of K^trans and k_ep and under‐estimation of v_p and v_e. Increasing T_s and reducing T_acq resulted in increased relative error for all four parameters.

Conclusion:

Estimated K^trans, K_ep, and V_e in HGGs were within 15% of the high sampling rate reference values for T_s<20 s. Increasing T_s and reducing T_acq leads to reduced precision of the estimated values. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:818–829. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

MR guidance of laser disc decompression: preliminary in vivo experience

The purpose of this study was to perform percutaneous laser disc decompression (PLDD) under MR guidance in an open configuration 0.5-T MR system. Following failed conservative treatment for 6 months, eight patients with contained disc herniations were enrolled in the study. Following MR guided introduction of the laser fiber into the targeted disc space, the laser-induced temperature distribution was visualized using a color-coded subtraction technique based on a T1-weighted GRE sequence. In seven patients PLDD could be performed. In all cases laser effects were depicted by MR. In this regard the color-coded technique was found to be superior to conventional magnitude images. Whereas no apparent decrease in the extent of herniation was discovered immediately following PLDD, T2-weighted FSE images showed signal intensity alterations in two of the seven patients. Clinical evaluation, obtained 3–4 months after PLDD, revealed a fair (n = 2) or good (n = 4) response to the treatment. One patient showed no change in symptoms. MR guidance and monitoring of PLDD is feasible within an open 0.5-T system and seems to render PLDD more safe and controllable. Received 15 July 1997; Revision received 10 October 1997; Accepted 17 October 1997     

Three-dimensional MR imaging of the coronary arteries: Preliminary clinical experience

A three-dimensional (3D) magnetization-prepared (MP) rapid gradient-echo (RAGE) and 3D RAGE technique was used to image the coronary arteries in healthy volunteers and patients with known disease. Each sequence produced images of volumes partitioned into 16 thin sections with differing blood-fat-myocardium contrast. The two types of images were subtracted to null fat signal, thus producing a third image set that showed flowing blood. Total imaging time was about 17 minutes. In the volunteers, the 3D MP-RAGE and subtraction images consistently showed the morphology of the right coronary artery. The left main and left anterior descending arteries were also well seen. The circumflex artery was less consistently identified. Of the 17 diseased coronary artery segments identified at catheterization, 16 had altered signal intensity (narrowing, occlusion, reduced contrast-to-noise ratio, irregularity) on the subtraction images, while 13 had altered signal intensity on the 3D MP-RAGE images. The results indicate that this 3D MP-RAGE and 3D RAGE technique has potential utility as a screening method for coronary heart disease.     

Usefulness of apparent diffusion coefficient value and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a noninvasive techniques in recurrent cerebral gliomas

Objective

Conventional MRI does not provide sufficient information to differentiate post-radiotherapy necrosis from brain tumor recurrence, recent studies have investigated the use of more advanced imaging modalities that are able to differentiate between the two entities.

低级别胶质瘤术前语言功能区的fMRI研究

目的：采用恻研究低级胶质瘤语言功能区分布及偏侧性特点。方法：对15例左侧额、颞叶经病理证实的低级别胶质瘤（WHOI～Ⅱ级）患者进行例术前图片命名刺激任务的删研究,另选择10例健康人作为对照组。哪数据处理采用工作站自带软件显示激活脑区并计算偏侧性指数（LI）。结果：对照组激活脑区：左侧为主的双侧额下回、额中回、左侧颞上回、以左侧为主的双侧顶上小叶、前运动区、双侧枕叶、双侧小脑。胶质瘤组的激活脑区：双侧额下回、额中回、左侧为主的双侧颞上回、双侧顶上小叶、双侧枕叶、双侧小脑等。对照组中8例表现为左侧大脑半球优势,2例为双侧大脑半球优势,LI值为84．61％。患者组中5例表现为左侧大脑半球优势,3例为右侧大脑半球优势,7例表现为双侧大脑半球优势,LI为60．15％。结论：fMRI能在术前可靠显示低级别胶质瘤周围语言功能区的分布及语言偏侧性,对术前计划制定有重要意义。     

Intra-arterial high-dose chemotherapy with cisplatin as part of a palliative treatment concept in oral cancer

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Patients with cancer of the oral cavity often present with advanced tumor stages, distant metastasis, or severe comorbidities, which render radical surgery unfeasible. The purpose of this study was to investigate the response rate, technical feasibility, and safety of intra-arterial (IA) chemotherapy as palliative treatment in this situation. METHODS: From November 1997 to December 2003, 64 patients with histologically proven oral squamous cell carcinoma, classified as inoperable, received IA high-dose chemotherapy with cisplatin as a palliative treatment at our institution. To minimize toxic side effects, sodium thiosulfate was given intravenously. Twenty-eight percent of the patients were female; average age was 61.5 years. Clinical staging of primary tumors was TNM (tumor, nodules, metastases) stage IV in 89%, stage III in 6.3% and stage II in 4.7%. After local chemotherapy, additional radiation of the tumor area or radiochemotherapy was performed in 33 patients. RESULTS: There were no major catheter-related complications or severe side effects of IA chemotherapy. After the first cycle, 10% percent of the patients had complete remission (CR), 35% had partial response (PR), and 43.3% presented with stable disease. Mean follow-up interval was 11 +/- 12.9 months. Forty-five patients died after a mean period of 7.6 +/- 7.0 months (median, 5.1 months). The overall 1- and 2-year survival rates were 29.5% and 18%, respectively. There was a trend toward longer survival in patients who received subsequent radiation or radiochemotherapy after IA chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: IA chemotherapy in patients with inoperable carcinoma of the oral cavity as palliative treatment was technically feasible and safe. The overall response rate after IA chemotherapy was 45% (CR 10%; PR 35%). Side effects could be minimized by neutralizing the cytotoxic agent by sodium thiosulfate.     

Gadolinium-DTPA as a contrast agent in MRI: initial clinical experience in 20 patients

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in 20 patients before and after intravenous administration of gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) in a dose of 0.1 mmol/kg. Twelve of the patients had clinical and histologic diagnoses of cerebral tumor, six had hepatic tumors, one had hepatic cysts, and one had transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Contrast enhancement was seen with all tumors, but not with the hepatic cysts. The degree of enhancement was greater than that seen with computed tomography (CT) in 13 cases, equal to it in six, and less in one. Contrast enhancement was detectable as long as 18 hr after injection of Gd-DTPA in one case of cerebral tumor. The margin between cerebral tumor and peritumoral edema could be delineated with contrast-enhanced MRI to the degree possible with contrast-enhanced CT. In the liver isointense enhancement was seen with saturation-recovery (SR), inversion-recovery (IR), and spin-echo (SE) sequences although not with all three sequences simultaneously. In general IR sequences were most sensitive for display of the contrast agent, but the enhancement often decreased the difference between abnormal and normal tissue. No short-term side effects were encountered and no significant change was seen in urea, creatinine, electrolytes, liver function tests, blood coagulation, or urine testing after injection of Gd-DTPA. Although much more work will be required to evaluate this contrast agent, these initial experiences are very promising.     

Inversion-recovery-prepared dixon bSSFP: initial clinical experience with a novel pulse sequence for renal MRA within a breathhold

Purpose:

To evaluate the capability of a new breathhold non–contrast‐enhanced MRA method (Non‐contrast Outer Radial Inner Square k‐space Scheme, NORISKS) to visualize renal arteries by comparing the method with a routine clinical but significantly longer non–contrast‐enhanced (non‐CE) MRA technique.

Materials and Methods:

Eighteen subjects referred for abdominal MRI were examined with NORISKS and a routine non–contrast‐enhanced MRA technique. Two versions of NORISKS were evaluated: with and without ECG gating. The images were then scored independently and in blinded manner by two radiologists on 5‐point scales for visualization of the proximal and distal renal arteries and quality of fat suppression.

Results:

No statistically significant difference was detected between NORISKS and routine clinical non‐CE MRA in all categories except for visualization of the distal renal arteries where ungated NORISKS performed poorer than the routine non‐CE MRA (P < 10^?4).

Conclusion:

We have demonstrated a promising non‐CE MRA method for acquiring renal angiograms within a breathhold without any compromise in spatial resolution or coverage. ECG‐gated NORISKS is able to acquire renal angiograms that are comparable to a routine clinical non‐CE MRA method (Inhance IFIR, GE Healthcare), which requires approximately seven times the scan time of NORISKS. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:875–881. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

     

123I-IMT SPECT for evaluation of the response to radiation therapy in high grade gliomas: a feasibility study

Assessing response to radiation therapy in patients with high grade gliomas is needed upon making decisions toward further therapy strategies. Currently used standard imaging tools such as CT and MRI are not sensitive enough to detect early therapy effects. We prospectively investigated if single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using radiolabelled amino acid derivate (123)I-methyltyrosine (IMT) would be useful for this aim. 10 patients with histologically proven high grade gliomas, who were candidates for radiation therapy, were enrolled in this investigation. All patients were examined by IMT SPECT before radiation therapy and 4 weeks after the initiation of the hypofractionated application of 40 Gy. Patients were followed up for 39 months; the tumours to background ratios (T/B) for IMT under/before radiation therapy were correlated to survival times. Initially, SPECT depicted an abnormal intratumoural IMT uptake in all patients (mean T/B ratios 1.37-1.87). In four out of 10 patients, the mean T/B ratios decreased by more than 10% under radiation therapy. In six other patients, the BQ decreased by less than 10% or increased. There were no significant correlations between the degree of changes in T/B and survival (r = -0.1, p = 0.973). Serial IMT SPECT measurements allow detection of changes in amino acid accumulation in high-grade gliomas under radiation therapy. However, these changes seem to possess no prognostic value in respect to survival prediction.