染色体微阵列分析技术在侧脑室增宽胎儿产前诊断中的应用价值

目的 应用染色体微阵列分析技术(CMA)在全基因组水平分析侧脑室增宽胎儿的遗传学病因,探讨胎儿侧脑室增宽与染色体拷贝数变异(CNVs)的相关性及CMA检测在侧脑室增宽胎儿产前诊断中的应用价值.方法 选取2015年1月-2016年11月在第四军医大学西京医院就诊并接受介入性产前诊断的70例孕中/晚期超声提示胎儿侧脑室宽大于1.0cm且标准G显带染色体核型分析正常或G显带染色体核型分析不能确定的染色体异常胎儿样本,应用Affymetrix CytoScanTM750k芯片进行CMA检测,根据相关生物信息学数据库对CMA检测结果进行全面分析,并定期复查胎儿的发育情况,随访妊娠结局及胎儿出生后的生长发育状况.结果 在70例侧脑室增宽胎儿中,CMA检测发现9例胎儿存在致病性CNVs,3例胎儿存在意义不明确、可能致病的CNVs,1例胎儿存在意义不明确、可能致病的杂合性缺失(LOH).在70例侧脑室增宽胎儿中,重度非孤立性侧脑室增宽6例,其中致病性CNVs 2例(33.3％,2/6);重度孤立性侧脑室增宽3例,未检出致病性CNVs,意义不明确、可能致病CNVs 1例(33.3％,1/3);轻度非孤立性侧脑室增宽31例,其中致病性CNVs 6例(19.4％,6/31),意义不明确、可能致病CNVs 2例(6.5％,2/31);轻度孤立性侧脑室增宽30例,其中致病性CNVs 1例(3.3％,1/30),意义不明确、可能致病CNVs 1例(3.3％,1/30).结论 CMA可更有效地检测出传统核型分析无法识别的微缺失、微重复等染色体异常,对侧脑室增宽的胎儿进行CMA检测能够提高异常检出率,对临床产前诊断及遗传咨询具有重要价值.     

微阵列比较基因组杂交技术在多发畸形中的临床应用研究

目的 将微阵列比较基因组杂交技术用于多发畸形胎儿的分子遗传学分析,并探讨其在辅助常规染色体核型分析中的价值.方法 选择2012年2月-2015年5月在解放军总医院产前诊断中心超声诊断为胎儿全身多发畸形的妊娠妇女31例,孕妇年龄20～37岁,孕周21～27周.在超声引导下获取羊水或脐血,再行常规染色体核型分析和微阵列比较基因组杂交检测.结果 31例多发畸形脐血样本均进行了G显带染色体核型分析和微阵列比较基因组杂交检测.染色体核型分析中4例培养失败,1例无核分裂象,培养成功的26例中染色体核型分析正常者23例,异常3例,核型异常率为11.54％(3/26).微阵列比较基因组杂交检测中有4例未发现致病性染色体缺失/重复,21例发现了微缺失和微重复,但均为染色体多态性,不具有致病性,6例检查异常,异常率19.35％(6/31).结论 微阵列比较基因组杂交技术具有分辨率高、覆盖广泛的优势,不仅弥补了培养失败和细胞活力不够无法进行常规染色体核型分析的缺陷,还能从亚显微结构发现缺失和重复,对于畸形原因的分析和解释提供了重要依据.     

40对反复流产夫妇的染色体观察

近年来,由于细胞遗传学的发展,关于染色体异常引起流产的报道逐渐增多。因而染色体异常与流产的关系已日益引起人们的重视。现将我院在遗传咨询门诊中的40对反复流产夫妇的染色体情况分析如下。本组病例均有2～6次流产史。22～45岁,流产发生在孕3个月内者24对,占60％。标本取自周围血,加植物血凝素(PHA)培养72h,低渗、烤片、G显带。每例计数30个中期分裂相,核型分析3个分裂相并绘图、显微摄影。本组发现染色体异常3例,其染色体核型为:(1)46,XY,t(4;12)(p12;q12);(2)46,XY,t(7;13)(p15;q12);(3)45,XY,-13,+t(13q;13q)。其中(1)(2)     

13/14号染色体罗伯逊易位致四次流产一例报告

随着细胞遗传学的发展,对于自然流产的病因有了更进一步的认识,染色体异常与流产的关系已被人们所重视.我室在自然流产患者的染色体检查中发现一例罗伯逊易位携带者,致连续四次流产病例,现报告如下:病例:姚××,女,30岁,农民.因连续早期流产四次,要求找原因,夫妇前来咨询.体检夫妇表型正常,身体均健壮.细胞遗传学检查:抽取两人外周血培养染色体,G显带,行核型分析,女方共计数细胞50个,核型分析6个,并进行显微照相.其核型为45,XX,t(13;14)(13qter→13q11::14q11—14qter),男方核型为,46XY.(见中心插页第4页附图).随后又取女方父母外周血作染色体培养,均为正常核型.     

α粒子诱发人支气管上皮细胞BEP2D癌变克隆的细胞遗传学分析

目的 :分析α_粒子诱发人支气管上皮细胞BEP2D恶性转化细胞克隆的核型 ,探讨辐射致癌的细胞遗传学变化规律。方法 :1.5Gyα粒子照射BEP2D细胞恶性转化后进行亚克隆 ,用G带显示法分析亚克隆细胞核型。结果 :分析了 5个恶性转化亚克隆细胞 (BERP35T_1,_2 ,_4 ,_5 ,_6 ) ,基本核型与亲本细胞BEP2D相近 ,但有着明显的染色体缺失差异。BERP35T癌变细胞系缺失 1条 13号染色体和Y染色体 ;1条 2号染色体的长臂增加 ;缺失正常的12号染色体 ,出现 1条长臂增加的 12号染色体。此外 ,2株癌变细胞 (BERP35T_2和BERP35T_4 )多倍体高达 4 0 % ,明显高于BEP2D细胞。结论 :染色体缺失 (尤其是 13号染色体缺失 )是辐射致癌的一个显著遗传学特点 ,2号和 12号染色体长臂增加可能导致某些肿瘤相关基因的扩增或激活 ,促进细胞的恶性转化。     

体外受精胚胎移植术后稽留流产56例胎儿绒毛染色体分析

目的探讨体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)术后稽留流产的发生与胎儿染色体核型异常的关系。方法取56例IVF-ET术后稽留流产孕妇(孕8~12周)的胎儿绒毛组织,进行绒毛染色体制备和G显带并进行核型分析。结果 56例稽留流产胎儿绒毛染色体核型培养成功54例,失败2例。核型异常5例,异常率为9.26%。其中数目异常4例,染色体结构异常1例。结论染色体异常是稽留流产的重要原因之一,对IVF-ET术后稽留流产胎儿绒毛进行染色体分析可为病因诊断以及优生指导提供重要的依据。     

稽留流产胎儿绒毛组织细胞遗传学120例分析

目的探讨孕8~11周稽留流产的发生原因及其胚胎绒毛染色体核型分析的关联。方法对120例稽留流产孕妇(孕8~12周)的胎儿绒毛组织进行绒毛染色体培养、制备和G显带并对结果进行分析。结果 120例稽留流产胎儿绒毛染色体核型培养成功106例,失败14例,成功率为88.33%。对培养成功的核型进行分析,核型异常者32例,异常率为30.19%。其中,数目异常者31例,染色体结构异常者1例。结论染色体异常是发生稽留流产的重要原因之一,对稽留流产胎儿绒毛进行染色体分析,可为病因诊断及指导优生提供重要的依据。     

染色体平衡易位46,XX,t(4;5)(q24;q23)一例

患者,女,42岁,婚后18年未孕,未避孕,夫妻性生活正常,在当地医院做输卵管造影检查提示输卵管通畅,B超卵泡检测提示排卵正常,曾行宫腔内人工受精4次失败,丈夫精液分析正常. 细胞遗传学检查:无菌采取夫妻外周血3 ml,肝素抗凝,淋巴细胞培养72 h,常规制片染色体,G显带分析,染色体核型分析结果为46,XX,t(4;5)(q24;q23),丈夫染色体核型正常.     

体外连续传代培养脐带间充质干细胞染色体核型的稳定性

目的分析不同代次人脐带间充质干细胞（umbilical cord mesenchymal stern cells,UC—MSCs）的染色体核型,初步评价UC—MSCs在体外连续传代培养过程中染色体结构的稳定性。方法采用胶原酶消化法分离UC—MSCs,贴壁培养传代,通过细胞形态、免疫表型及多向分化潜能等生物学特性进行鉴定,利用G显带分析第3、5、7代细胞的染色体核型。结果染色体核型分析显示,第3、5、7代UC-MSCs为正常二倍体核型,G显带未见染色体结构异常。,UC—MSCs呈成纤维样形态生长,高表达CD73、CD90、CDl05,不表达CD34、CIM5、CD40、CD80、CD86、CDl54、HLA—DR;在特定的体外诱导条件下可以向骨、脂肪、软骨分化。结论UC-MSCs在体外连续传代培养7代以内染色体结构稳定,为临床应用UC—MSCs的安全性提供了遗传学方面的实验依据。     

孕早期超声测量胎儿颈项透明层在筛查胎儿异常中的作用

目的分析孕早期超声测量胎儿颈项透明层在筛查胎儿异常中的作用。方法收取我院12 000例孕妇采用超声测量胎儿颈项透明层,分析妊娠结局。结果 12 000例孕妇实施超声测量后,胎儿异常孕妇有80例、异常率为0.67%。在80例胎儿异常孕妇中,预后不良有13例,5例孕妇接受染色体检查、4例为染色体核型异常、1例染色体核型正常孕妇在孕中期发现伴有先天性心脏病,8例未实施染色体检查孕妇中,先天性心脏病有2例、系统畸形有3例、死胎有3例。结论胎儿颈项透明层增厚越明显,胎儿异常(染色体异常、结构异常)几率就越高。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.