前庭自旋转试验在前庭功能评定中的价值

目的：分析前庭自旋转试验（VAT）在前庭功能评定中的价值。方法：对48例前庭周围性眩晕患者行VAT和冷热试验（CT）。在VAT水平和垂直眼动增益、相位，水平非对称5项指标以及CT中，出现1项或1项以上异常指标即评定为该试验结果异常。结果：VAT异常者36例（75．0％），异常指标中的相位多于增益，非对称最少，相位和增益病理数据在各频率的分布一致。其中水平测试异常32例（66．7％），包括增益降低21例次，相位延迟24例次，非对称6例次，与前庭损伤侧别相符，且均出现在6．0～11．0Hz；垂直测试异常15例（31．2％），包括增益降低或升高7例次，相位延迟14例次。CT管麻痹和优势偏向单项或双项异常者33例（68．8％）。VAT和CT单独异常分别为11例和8例，均异常25例；完全性前庭损伤者的2项结果均异常，且VAT异常数据呈全频带性。结论：VAT作为高频、宽带的前庭功能检测技术，既能提供前庭高频区的功能信息，又可检测垂直半规管功能，弥补了CT的缺陷，减少了漏诊。     

前庭自旋转试验在前庭性偏头痛患者中的应用

目的探讨前庭自旋转试验（vestibular autorotation test, VAT）对前庭性偏头痛（vestibular migraine, VM）患者在前庭功能评估中的应用。方法对26例VM患者和20例正常人进行VAT检查,观察水平增益、水平相移、垂直增益、垂直相移、非对称性五项参数,≥1项异常,即评定为前庭功能异常,VAT试验阳性。结果VAT结果显示VM组21例（80.77%）前庭功能异常;对照组2例（10%）前庭功能异常,两组前庭功能异常检出率比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。VM患者增益异常18例（69.23%）,其中水平增益增高12例次,垂直增益增高4例次,水平增益降低1例次,水平增益部分增高部分降低2例次。VM患者相移延迟16例（61.54%）,其中水平相移延迟13例次,垂直相移延迟5例次。VM患者非对称性异常3例（11.54%）,提示水平通路双侧前庭功能不对称,右侧功能较弱。VM患者增益异常以2.0~2.7 Hz为主,相移异常以3.5~5.9 Hz为主。结论VM患者以增益增高、相移延迟为主要特征,水平测试比垂直测试敏感。VAT对VM患者的前庭功能评估有效,其诊断能提供有价值的参考依据。     

前庭自旋转试验在椎-基底动脉供血不足性眩晕的应用研究

目的分析前庭自旋转试验（vestibular autorotation test，VAT）在椎一基底动脉供血不足（vertebro—basilar insufficiency，VBI）性眩晕诊断中的临床价值。方法VBI性眩晕组73例，前庭周围性眩晕48例为对照组，应用VAT测试仪和视频眼震图（videonystagmography，VNG）仪，分别进行水平、垂直VAT测试和VNG各项眼动测试以及双耳交替冷热气试验。在VAT水平及垂直测试的增益和相位、水平非对称5项观测指标，以及VNG各项眼动测试和冷热气试验中，出现一项或一项以上异常即评定为该试验阳性。结果VAT测试：在VBI组以增益增高为特征，VBI组和对照组增益增高分别为47例（64．4％）和5例（10．4％），差异有统计学意义（X^2=31．19，P〈0．01）；对照与VBI组增益减低分别为22例（45．8％）和11例（15．1％），差异有统计学意义（X^2=13．82，P〈0．01）；而相位、非对称以及VAT综合结果之间差异均无统计学意义。VBI组VNG眼动系统测试异常结果高于前庭外周疾病患者，呈中枢性异常的表现，综合分析眼动系统系列检测和固视抑制试验各项指标，具有一项或一项以上结果异常者，VBI患者44例（60．3％），前庭外周疾病患者10例（20．8％），差异有统计学意义（X^2=15．89，P〈0．01）；2组受试者冷热试验都存在高比例的单侧或双侧半规管轻瘫，差异无统计学意义。结论VAT在VBI性眩晕中以高增益为主要特征，而前庭周围性眩晕则以低增益为主。VAT增益指标对于前庭系统损伤的定性评估能够提供有益的帮助，而相位和非对称指标可以判定前庭系统功能正常与否，但缺乏定性作用。     

良性阵发性位置性眩晕患者前庭自旋转试验检查结果分析及其诊断价值探讨

目的:探讨前庭自旋转试验(VAT)在评估良性阵发性位置性眩晕(BPPV)患者的前庭功能状况和诊断价值中的作用.方法:对41例BPPV患者分别进行VAT和红外视频眼震图的各项检查.根据受累半规管分组分析VAT的特点.结果:VAT异常者34例(82.93%).21例垂直半规管BPPV患者中,垂直相移异常14例次,垂直增益异常1例次;水平相移异常6例次,水平增益异常5例次,非对称性异常2例次.12例水平半规管BPPV患者中,水平相移异常6例次,水平增益异常5例次,非对称性异常2例次;垂直相移异常4例次,垂直增益异常2例次.所有患者在相移指标上,4例表现全频段异常,21例在2～3 Hz显示异常.冷热试验半规管麻痹(CP)和(或)眼震优势偏向(DP)异常者24例(58.54%),其中4例患者2项指标同时异常.结论:VAT能够全面地了解BPPV患者水平及垂直半规管功能.VAT检测中的相移异常是BPPV的一个相对恒定的表现,并且通常表现在2～3 Hz频率上. VAT和冷热试验可互为补充,联合应用有助于全面了解半规管功能.     

前庭自旋转和冷热试验对早期梅尼埃病和 前庭性偏头痛的鉴别诊断价值

 目的探讨联合应用前庭自旋转（Vestibular autorotation test, VAT）和冷热试验对早期梅尼埃病和前庭性偏头痛的临床鉴别诊断价值。方法选取24例早期梅尼埃病非急性发作期（Meniere disease,MD）患者和22例前庭性偏头痛（Vestibular migraine,VM）患者进行VAT和冷热试验检查,均为单耳发病,均先行VAT检测后行冷热试验。VAT检测观察水平增益、水平相移、垂直增益、垂直相移、非对称性5项参数,其中任意一项及以上异常即评定为前庭功能异常;后行冷热试验观察记录半规管轻瘫值(canal paresis,CP)和热气试验最大慢相角速度（SPVmax）。对两组患者的VAT和冷热试验的结果进行比较,分析统计学差异。结果VAT结果显示24例MD组16例（66.7%）前庭功能异常,其中增益增高1例次、降低8例次,增益部分增高部分降低1例次,相移延迟有12例次,非对称性异常有5例次;22例VM组中12例（54.5%）前庭功能异常,其中增益增高6例次、降低1例次,相移延迟有10例次。两组数据比较,增益增高和降低检出率有统计学差异（P＜0.05）。冷热试验显示24例MD组中CP阳性14例（58.3%）,SPVmax均值10.5°±9.5°/S;22例VM组CP阳性4例（18.2 %）,SPVmax均值34.7°±17.9°/S。 两组CP和SPVmax均值比较有显著统计学差异（P＜0.05）。结论在两组疾病的非急性发作期,VAT测试提示MD患者以4~6 Hz增益降低,VM患者以2~4 Hz增益增高为主要特征;冷热试验提示MD患者多表现为单侧水平半规管功能减退,而VM患者表现为亢进或者正常;二者的结合具有高低频互补作用,可以提高早期MD和VM的鉴别诊断。     

前庭自旋转试验在位置性眩晕患者中的检测

目的 通过对位置性眩晕患者进行前庭自旋转试验(Vestibular autorotation test,VAT)检查,探讨VAT用于鉴别中枢性和外周性位置性眩晕的作用.方法 回顾性分析140例位置性眩晕患者的临床资料,均无耳聋、耳鸣或前庭功能低下.患者资料包括病史,专科检查,视频眼震电图(videonystagmography,VNG),VAT,头颅磁共振(MRI),位置试验,手法复位治疗.结果 138例良性阵发性位置性眩晕(benign paroxysmal positional vertigo,BPPV),VAT参数水平增益正常,部分患者的垂直向下的眼震(positional down beating nystagmus,pDBN)通过手法复位消失,经MRI排除其他疾病.2例颅底凹陷综合征(Arnold-Chiari malformation,ACM)通过头颅MRI得到确诊,其VAT水平增益增高,手法复位后pDBN不消失.结论 VAT可用以辅助BPPV的鉴别诊断.     

视频头脉冲试验在眩晕疾病诊治过程中的临床研究

目的探讨视频头脉冲试验(vHIT)评估中枢性眩晕和周围性眩晕的临床应用价值。方法选取2015年12月~2016年12月于我科就诊外周性眩晕者(外周组)38例、中枢性眩晕(中枢组)38例,及健康体检者40名作为对照组。采用vHIT检测获得各组3对半规管平面前庭眼反射(VOR)增益值和相应不对称值均值,计算vHIT异常比率、增益值不对称比阳性率及代偿性扫视阳性率。结果 (1)外周组患侧VOR增益值小于对照组和中枢组(均P0.01),而中枢组和对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(均P0.05);(2)外周组3个增益不对称值均高于对照组和中枢组(P=0.000)。中枢组水平增益不对称值与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),垂直增益不对称值低于对照组(均P0.05);(3)外周组vHIT异常比率、增益值不对称比阳性率及代偿性扫视阳性率均高于中枢组[36(94.74)vs 28(73.68);33(86.84)vs 13(34.21);29(76.32)vs 8(21.05);χ2=6.333、22.029、23.227,P=0.012、0.000、0.000]。结论vHIT通过VOR增益值、增益不对称值、vHIT异常比率、增益值不对称比阳性率及代偿性扫视阳性率评估眩晕患者的前庭功能,可以帮助鉴别诊断外周性眩晕和中枢性眩晕。     

前庭功能损失后普遍存在电动头脉冲试验中水平前庭眼反射的恢复

目的：对急性单侧外周前庭功能损失的患者使用电动头脉冲试验量化前庭功能的恢复,并把这些结果与其他体征和症状相比较。方法：使用电动头脉冲旋转仪记录30例突发单侧前庭功能障碍的患者平均在发生后3d（前期）的潜在的水平前庭眼反射（VOR）,20例患者平均3个月后（后期）继续测量。计算VOR增益和不对称（-x±s）。结果：从前期的患侧增益0．49±0．21到后期的0．79±0．23（P=O．0000）有高度显著改善。各自的不对称从（32±18）％到（12±14）％（P=0．0002）也有高度显著改善。至少80％的患者增益或不对称恢复。后期的高症状评分与低增益（P=0．043）和高不对称（P=0．018）有相关性。结论：用电动头脉冲旋转仪来测量减少的水平VOR增益,突发单侧前庭功能损失后至少部分恢复。除了眼震的传统评价,头脉冲试验的反应为前庭损失的严重程度和恢复提供了有价值的信息。     

垂直半规管功能检测进展

日常生活中人体依靠前庭、视觉及本体觉组成"平衡三联"维持平衡,而其中前庭系统是司平衡的器官.目前临床上对前庭功能的检测(vestibular function test),常通过视眼动系统、前庭眼反射(vestibulo-ocular reflex,VOR)通路、前庭脊髓通路等几种途径来实现.前庭感受器主要由成对的水平半规管、前垂直半规管、后垂直半规管和两对前庭囊(椭圆囊和球囊)组成,其中冷热试验(caloric test)和旋转试验(rotation test)作为水平半规管功能检测的常用方法已经得到广泛运用,但尚无常规有效检测垂直半规管(vertical semicircular canal)功能的方法[1],所以还不能反映整体的前庭功能,临床常见眩晕性疾病与人体的垂直半规管功能密切相关.     

视频头脉冲试验在急性单侧外周前庭功能下降疾病中的应用进展

视频头脉冲试验(video head impulse test, vHIT)可定量评价受试者各半规管高频角前庭-眼动反射(vestibulo-ocular reflex, VOR)功能。临床发现, vHIT在不同急性外周前庭功能下降疾病中的结果可表现出异质性。如在前庭神经炎和亨特综合征患者中, 病理性vHIT发生率最高的是水平半规管, 且在前庭神经炎患者的前庭代偿期间, 病理性vHIT的增益和回复性扫视表现为不同的恢复特征;而在突发性聋伴眩晕患者中, vHIT异常发生率最高的是后半规管, 且后半规管的损伤与突发性聋患者的听力预后有关。vHIT与其他前庭功能检查技术(如前庭诱发肌源性电位)的综合应用可以为临床相关眩晕疾病的诊断、分型、预后评估和前庭康复治疗提供更多依据。     

视频头脉冲试验在眩晕疾病诊断中的应用研究

目的 探讨视频头脉冲试验(vHIT)评估周围性眩晕患者前庭眼反射(VOR)的临床价值.方法 选取2019年4月-2020年10月收治的52例良性阵发性位置性眩晕(BPPV)患者和57例前庭性神经炎(VN)患者为研究对象,并选取同期30名健康者作为对照.采用vHIT定量测定一对水平半规管平面、两对垂直半规管平面的VOR增...     

Active high-frequency vestibulo-ocular reflex and seasickness susceptibility.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The vestibular autorotation test (VAT) examines responses to active head oscillations at frequencies between 2 and 6 Hz in the horizontal and vertical planes while the subject is fixating a visible target. At these frequencies, the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) is the main source of eye movement for ocular stabilization, although other visual and somatosensory information interacts with the response. Because the neural mismatch theory places emphasis on multimodal sensory interactions as the cause of motion sickness, using the VAT, which measures eye movements resulting from vestibular, visual, and, to a certain extent, proprioceptive information and depends on the conscious participation and cooperation of the subject, could be of advantage in evaluating individuals with differing susceptibility to motion sickness. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate high-frequency VOR parameters in seamen at the two extremes of the seasickness susceptibility scale. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional, parallel-group design. METHODS: Participants in the study were 35 healthy male volunteers aged 18 to 23 years, of whom 20 were highly susceptible to seasickness and 15 were nonsusceptible. The vestibulo-ocular reflex was evaluated by the VAT at frequencies ranging from 2.0 to 5.9 Hz. RESULTS: The lag of the vertical phase was significantly higher in the susceptible group. A significant interaction was also found between group and frequency, the vertical phase being significantly higher in the 3.9- to 5.9-Hz range. Although no group effect was detected for the lag of the horizontal phase, there was a significant interaction between group and frequency, the horizontal phase being higher in the susceptible group at 5.5 and 5.9 Hz. No significant group differences were found for horizontal or vertical gain. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings support the contention that the VAT, which measures eye movements resulting from multimodal vestibular, visual, and, to a certain extent, proprioceptive information and depends on the conscious participation and cooperation of the subject, may produce different results in subjects at the two extremes of the seasickness susceptibility scale. Despite the statistical differences that were found, VAT measurements could not be used for practical purposes to categorize individual motion sickness susceptibility.     

The clinical utility of vestibular autorotation test in patients with vestibular migraine

Objective: To investigate the characteristics and clinical utility of vestibular autorotation test (VAT) in patients with vestibular migraine.

Methods: This study included two groups, an experimental group (441 patients) and a control group (65 healthy subjects). Both groups undertook VAT; the parameters evaluated were horizontal gain/phase, vertical gain/phase and asymmetry. The differences in VAT results between the two groups were investigated.

Results: There were no statistical differences between the VAT data of the control group when compared to the reference value from the manufacturer (p?>?.05). There were statistically significant differences in VAT results between the experimental and control group, namely elevated horizontal gain at frequency 2, 3, 4 and 5?Hz, horizontal phase delay at frequency 2, 4, 5 and 6?Hz, elevated vertical gain at frequency 2?6Hz and vertical phase delay at frequency 4?6Hz.

Conclusion: The results of this study using VAT in VM patients demonstrate elevated horizontal gain, vertical gain and delay in horizontal phase, vertical phase. We suggest the application of VAT as a diagnostic tool which may provide objective evidence that can contribute to the diagnosis of VM and also in differential diagnosis.     

Results of vestibular autorotation testing at the end of intratympanic gentamicin treatment for Ménière's disease

OBJECTIVE: The vestibular autorotation test (VAT) examines the ocular response to voluntary horizontal and vertical head movements at frequencies for which the vestibular system is the main source for eye stabilization. The purpose of this study was to analyse the VAT results in patients with disabling Ménière's disease and to evaluate the change in VAT values once treatment with intratympanic gentamicin had terminated and clinical signs of vestibular hypofunction could be observed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The 30 study subjects were patients diagnosed with definitive unilateral Ménière's disease that could not be controlled with medication. The vestibulo-ocular reflexes of each patient were evaluated by means of the VAT before the first injection of gentamicin and after the last injection. RESULTS: The pattern of abnormalities found in this population conformed to the selection criteria and the findings reflected a severe disabling process, with major modifications in the vestibulo-ocular reflex. At the end of treatment there was a reduction in the peak frequency of head oscillation. Furthermore, we commonly found that, in the horizontal VAT, gain and phase were reduced while in the vertical VAT some subjects registered a normal response. The phase in the horizontal and vertical VATs was most significantly reduced for oscillation frequencies of 2-3.7 Hz. CONCLUSION: This study provides further evidence that effective control of vertigo in patients with Ménière's disease can be achieved by administering intratympanic gentamicin.     

Results of Vestibular Autorotation Testing at the End of Intratympanic Gentamicin Treatment for Méniére's Disease

Objective--The vestibular autorotation test (VAT) examines the ocular response to voluntary horizontal and vertical head movements at frequencies for which the vestibular system is the main source for eye stabilization. The purpose of this study was to analyse the VAT results in patients with disabling Méniére's disease and to evaluate the change in VAT values once treatment with intratympanic gentamicin had terminated and clinical signs of vestibular hypofunction could be observed. Material and methods--The 30 study subjects were patients diagnosed with definitive unilateral Méniére's disease that could not be controlled with medication. The vestibulo-ocular reflexes of each patient were evaluated by means of the VAT before the first injection of gentamicin and after the last injection. Results--The pattern of abnormalities found in this population conformed to the selection criteria and the findings reflected a severe disabling process, with major modifications in the vestibulo-ocular reflex. At the end of treatment there was a reduction in the peak frequency of head oscillation. Furthermore, we commonly found that, in the horizontal VAT, gain and phase were reduced while in the vertical VAT some subjects registered a normal response. The phase in the horizontal and vertical VATs was most significantly reduced for oscillation frequencies of 2-3.7 Hz. Conclusion--This study provides further evidence that effective control of vertigo in patients with Méniére's disease can be achieved by administering intratympanic gentamicin.     

Dynamic Asymmetry of the Vestibulo‐ocular Reflex in Unilateral Peripheral Vestibular and Cochleovestibular Loss

Objective: Rotatory tests in the horizontal plane have shown various degrees of vestibulo‐ocular reflex (VOR) asymmetry in patients after surgical deafferentation of one labyrinth. The purpose of this work was to characterize dynamic horizontal VOR responses among patients presenting with a unilateral peripheral labyrinthine deficit of nonsurgical origin and to compare results in isolated vestibular loss versus cochleovestibular loss. Study Design: This study included 40 patients who presented with an acute, spontaneous unilateral peripheral labyrinthine lesion. Twenty‐two patients had vestibular loss alone (without associated hearing impairment) and 18 presented with a cochleovestibular deficit (sudden hearing loss with vertigo). The majority of these patients were part of a long‐term protocol to evaluate vestibular compensation. Methods: All patients underwent both the clockwise test and the counterclockwise rotatory test in the horizontal plane, using brief impulses of moderate intensity. Results were analyzed by a simplified model of vestibular function, allowing a parametric estimation of the response. Results: A weak and transitory horizontal VOR asymmetry was observed in the 22 patients with vestibular loss. However, the 18 patients with cochleovestibular loss demonstrated a more severe and persistent asymmetry. Conclusions: This study revealed a difference in the dynamic characteristics of the horizontal VOR between patients with vestibular loss and those with cochleovestibular loss. Our results support the presence of an extensive labyrinthine lesion in cochleovestibular deficit that involves the otolith organs. The implications of this involvement on the central mech‐ anisms of otolith‐canal interaction are discussed.     

Epley maneuver and the head autorotation test in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

The head autorotation tests can be affected with the dynamic changes within the semicircular canals caused by benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). The vestibular autorotation test is a method of examining the VOR (especially the VOR that develops at higher frequencies like those that occur in the everyday environment). Twenty patients who had been diagnosed as having posterior semicircular canal BPPV were evaluated with head autorotation tests before and after the treatment maneuver. The head autorotation tests were performed just before the use of the Epley maneuver and after the resolution of symptoms and the typical nystagmus pattern. The mean gain values for horizontal rotation tests during the pre-treatment period were 0.823, 0.844, and 0.840 for the frequencies 1, 2, and 3 Hz, respectively. The mean gain values increased by 0.095 (95% confidence interval) with Epley’s maneuver. But this difference difference between the pre-treatment and post-treatment values was not statistically significant. All patients were also evaluated with vertical active tests. The differences between the pre-treatment and post-treatment values were not statistically significant in the vertical autorotation group. The phase values were within normal range in the horizontal and vertical rotation tests and remained so after the Epley maneuver. The stimulation of the VOR caused by BPPV did not affect gain and phase values to a statistically significant degree, and the values noted after the resolution of the patient’s symptoms improved slightly but without statistical significance.