恒牙列早期单侧完全性唇腭裂术后患者牙He特征的研究

作者对３３２名恒牙早期间测完全性唇腭裂术后患者和同龄正常Ｈｅ青少年的牙Ｈｅ模型进行测量分析，结果表明：①上颌牙弓、基骨的生长发育受到明显影响，其中腭盖高度发育受限最为明显。②上颌牙弓前段宽度发育受限程度明显大于牙弓后段，上颌结节区宽度缩窄不明显。 ③上颌与下颌牙弓、基骨关系不协调。     

错He所致颜面不对称畸形的测量分析

目的 综合颅颌正位定位Ｘ线片和牙Ｈｅ模型测量的方法分析颜面不对称畸表Ｈｅ颌面特征。方法 选取４４例颜面不对称病例，测量分析后前位征及牙Ｈｅ模型并与正常Ｈｅ作对照。结果 偏Ｈｅ组不对称主要发生在下颌骨，上颌基骨和上牙弓宽度狭窄，下颌骨和下牙弓宽度基本正常。结论 颜面不对称畸形存在上下基骨宽度和牙弓宽度不协调，上基骨及上牙弓宽度较下颌窄。     

错(牙合)所致颜面不对称畸形的测量分析

目的　综合颅颌正位定位X线片和牙牙合模型测量的方法分析颜面不对称畸形牙合颌面特征。方法　选取 44例颜面不对称病例 ,测量分析后前位片及牙牙合模型并与正常牙合作对照。结果　偏牙合组不对称主要发生在下颌骨 ,上颌基骨和上牙弓宽度狭窄 ,下颌骨和下牙弓宽度基本正常。结论　颜面不对称畸形存在上下基骨宽度和牙弓宽度不协调 ,上基骨及上牙弓宽度较下颌窄     

腭裂术后裂隙内骨桥长度与牙He横向发育

目的 研究腭裂术后腭裂隙内骨桥形成现象对牙He横向生长发育的影响。方法 随机选取13-28岁单侧完全性唇腭裂术后患者31例。行冠状位CT检查确定腭裂隙内骨桥形成长度后，在牙He石膏模型上分别定点测量牙弓宽度、骨基宽度和牙弓协调度，计算各项测量指标的均值，分析骨桥形成长度与牙He生长发育的关系，并行统计学检验。结果 在腭裂术后骨桥形成长度8mm以上组，其骨基宽度，尤其是牙弓后份的骨基宽度发育明显优于骨桥形成量小于8mm组。在双尖牙区，有效长度的骨桥形成组的牙弓宽度明显大于对照组，而在磨牙区，两组均值间差异无显著性。在双尖牙区，骨桥形成不良者出现较为明显的反He倾向；在磨牙区，骨桥形成不良者并不因此而发生咬合关系紊乱。结论 腭裂术后腭裂隙内骨桥形成的现象明显影响牙He生长发育，对骨基宽度、牙弓宽度和牙弓协调度的发育均有支持作用。骨桥形成影响牙He生长发育的临界长度为4mm，有效长度为8mm。     

拔牙矫治对牙弓宽度及基骨宽度的影响

目的 :研究拔牙矫治对牙弓宽度和基骨宽度的影响。方法 :在 2 0例AngleⅡ1拔牙病例矫治前后的石膏模型上 ,测量上下颌的牙弓长度、尖牙间牙弓宽度、第二前磨牙间牙弓宽度、第一磨牙间牙弓宽度以及相应的基骨宽度 ,测量结果数据用SPSS 10 .0进行统计学分析。结果 :上颌矫治后尖牙间牙弓宽度和基骨宽度明显增加 (P <0 .0 1) ,前磨牙间牙弓宽度和基骨宽度明显减小 (P <0 .0 1)。下颌矫治后尖牙间牙弓宽度不变而基骨宽度增加 (P <0 .0 5) ,第一磨牙间牙弓宽度不变而基骨宽度减小 (P <0 .0 1) ,前磨牙间牙弓宽度和基骨宽度均减小 (P <0 .0 1)。上下颌牙弓长度均减小 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :牙弓越向远中移动 ,其牙弓宽度增大 ,越向近中移动 ,牙弓宽度减小 ,相应的基骨宽度也发生同样的变化。牙齿的转矩移动 ,会引起基骨宽度的改变。     

中国人群个别正常牙合牙弓与基骨弓在三维空间的匹配性研究

目的 对个别正常牙合者的牙弓与基骨弓匹配性进行研究,以期指导临床治疗. 方法 选取30例个别正常牙合患者并拍摄锥形束CT,将牙弓与基骨弓标志点坐标进行数学处理,并通过统计学分析建立上下颌牙弓匹配的数学方程,以及牙弓与基骨弓的匹配数学方程. 结果 上下颌牙弓在尖牙区及第二磨牙区的宽度、深度有很强的相关性(r尖牙深度 =0. 967,r尖牙宽度 =0. 949,r磨牙深度 =0. 948,r磨牙宽度 =0. 942),上下颌基骨弓在尖牙区的深度与宽度匹配关系较弱(r上颌尖牙深度 =0. 922,r上颌尖牙宽度 =0. 701,r下颌尖牙深度 =0. 971,r下颌尖牙宽度 =0. 629),在第二磨牙区的宽度与深度有很强的相关性(r上颌磨牙深度 =0. 973,r上颌磨牙宽度 =0. 988,r下颌磨牙深度 =0. 971,r下颌磨牙宽度 =0. 976). 结论 上下颌牙弓、基骨弓在尖牙区及第二磨牙区的宽度、深度存在匹配关系.     

腭裂术后裂隙内骨桥长度与牙(牙合)横向发育

目的　研究腭裂术后腭裂隙内骨桥形成现象对牙横向生长发育的影响。方法　随机选取 13～ 2 8岁单侧完全性唇腭裂术后患者 31例。行冠状位CT检查确定腭裂隙内骨桥形成长度后 ,在牙石膏模型上分别定点测量牙弓宽度、骨基宽度和牙弓协调度 ,计算各项测量指标的均值 ,分析骨桥形成长度与牙生长发育的关系 ,并行统计学检验。结果　在腭裂术后骨桥形成长度 8mm以上组 ,其骨基宽度 ,尤其是牙弓后份的骨基宽度发育明显优于骨桥形成量小于 8mm组。在双尖牙区 ,有效长度的骨桥形成组的牙弓宽度明显大于对照组 ,而在磨牙区 ,两组均值间差异无显著性。在双尖牙区 ,骨桥形成不良者出现较为明显的反倾向 ;在磨牙区 ,骨桥形成不良者并不因此而发生咬合关系紊乱。结论　腭裂术后腭裂隙内骨桥形成的现象明显影响牙生长发育 ,对骨基宽度、牙弓宽度和牙弓协调度的发育均有支持作用。骨桥形成影响牙生长发育的临界长度为 4mm ,有效长度为 8mm。     

拔牙矫治前后的牙模型测量研究

目的：通过模型测量了解拔除４｜４４｜４的病例矫治后上下颌牙弓长度、宽度，牙槽骨宽度及基骨的长度、宽度的改变。方法：选取３２例拔除４｜４４｜４患者矫治前后的记存模型进行测量，用ＳＹＳＴＡＴ统计软件进行数据处理。结果：矫治后上下颌牙弓长度、宽度，牙槽骨宽度，上颌基骨前部宽度，下颌基骨宽度均比矫治前减小，统计结果有显著性差异，上颌基骨长度和后部宽度无显著性改变。结论：采用拔除４｜４４｜４的矫治方法可引起上下颌牙弓长度、宽度及牙槽骨宽度的改变，上颌基骨的长度及后部宽度变化不大，而其基骨前部宽度的改变和下颌基骨的模型测量方法还有待进一步探讨。     

重庆市正常[牙合]青少年Howes值测量分析

目的:建立重庆市正常(牙合)青少年基骨及Howes值,为正畸临床提供依据.方法:选取重庆市正常青少年牙颌模型92 副(男45 副,女47 副),用数显游标卡尺和三维坐标测量机在模型上测量牙冠宽度、牙弓宽度、基骨宽度及长度,计算Howes值,对测量结果进行统计分析.结果:重庆市正常青少年的基骨宽度及长度均为男性大于女性.PMD/TM上颌为(44.98± 1.53)%,下颌为(39.88±1.52)%;PMBAW/TM上颌为(48.93±2.31)%,下颌为(45.95±1.88)%;BAL/TM上颌为(32.04±1.30)%,下颌为(33.75± 1.55)%.Howes值的性别差异无显著性.结论:重庆地区正常汉族青少年的基骨存在性别差异.Howes值性别差异无显著性.牙、牙弓、基骨间有高度相关性.     

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目的 观察AngleⅠ类错牙合拔牙病例矫治前后牙弓、牙槽骨、基骨的形态变化。方法 选取四川大学华西口腔医学院正畸科2006 — 2007年采用拔除4颗第一双尖牙进行矫治结束的典型AngleⅠ类错牙合病例，取矫治前后石膏模型，测量模型的牙弓、牙槽弓、基骨弓的长度、宽度，对矫治前后各项指标的变化进行统计分析。结果 （1）牙弓长度：总长度变短，牙弓前段变长（P < 0.05），中段变短（P < 0.05），后段变化不明显（P > 0.05）。（2）牙弓宽度：上下尖牙间宽度无明显变化（P > 0.05），第一、第二磨牙间变窄， （P < 0.05）。（3）牙槽弓及基骨弓长度及宽度：上下颌牙槽弓长度均变短（P < 0.05），宽度均变窄（P < 0.05）;上下颌基骨弓的长度均变短（P < 0.05），宽度均变窄（P < 0.05）。结论 AngleⅠ类错牙合拔牙矫治病例随牙齿移动的多少，矫治后其牙弓、牙槽弓、基骨弓的形态均有相应的变化。     

单侧完全性唇腭裂术后牙弓问横向关系的不调及正畸矫治后变化的探讨

目的 探讨单侧完全性唇腭裂术后患者上下颌牙弓间横向关系以及正畸治疗对上颌牙弓的影响。方法 对84名单侧完全性唇腭裂术后患者的错(牙合)畸形和上下颌颌间关系进行研究;并对36名唇腭裂术后患者进行正畸治疗前后的牙(牙合)模型进行测量分析上颌牙弓宽度的变化。结果 (1)单侧完全性唇腭裂术后60.7％的患者出现牙弓间横向关系的不协调,双尖牙区较易受累。(2)在出现牙弓间横向关系不调的患者中,双侧后牙反(牙合)者为60％。(3)正畸治疗后上颌牙弓的尖牙、第一、第二双尖牙间各自的宽度均有显著增加,第一磨牙间宽度变化不显著。上颌第一、第二双尖牙间各自宽度较尖牙间、第一磨牙间宽度增加显著。结论 单侧完全性唇腭裂术后患者上颌宽度的发育受到明显的限制,牙弓间横向关系不协调的比率较高,以双尖牙区为主;正畸矫治扩弓的重点应在双尖牙区。     

The Eurocleft study: intercenter study of treatment outcome in patients with complete cleft lip and palate. Part 3: dental arch relationships.

OBJECTIVE: To compare dental arch relationships up to age 17 in individuals with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) treated at five European centers. DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study, where results were previously reported at 9 years and follow-up measurements were obtained for 12 and 17 years. SETTING: Multidisciplinary cleft services in Northern Europe. SUBJECTS: 127 consecutively treated individuals with repaired UCLP. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Panel rating of dental arch relationship. RESULTS: The results revealed that at 17 years of age three of the centers had better ratings in dental arch relationship (means scores: 1.7, 1.9, and 2.2, respectively) than the other two centers (3.3, 3.4) at statistically significant levels ( p < .01 to p < .001). CONCLUSION: The results confirm that systematic differences in dental arch relationships may occur between different cleft centers, but do not allow specific causal factors to be identified.     

Longitudinal changes in the dento-facial relationships of unilateral cleft lip and palate subjects.

Nine male and nine female subjects with surgically repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate were compared to 20 male and 15 female noncleft individuals. Different cephalometric landmarks were identified, and eighteen different measurements or calculations were used to describe the mandible, maxillary-mandibular complex, and dental relationships. Univariate longitudinal facial growth profiles and mean vector analyses as well as multivariate comparisons were performed between male, female, and combined non-cleft and cleft groups. Linear data comparisons indicated statistically significant differences in the growth profile of those measurements describing the changes in the relationship of the lower border of the mandible (MP:SN angle) and the y-axis to the anterior cranial base (NSGn). The maxillary-mandibular relationship (angles ANB and NAPog) and dimensions (Ans-PTm/Pog) exhibited statistically significant differences in the growth profiles of the non-cleft and cleft groups. Such differences were also found in the relationship of the lower incisors to the mandibular plane (1:MP angle). The mean vector analysis for the dental measurements pointed to significant differences for all comparisons made, particularly in the combined non-cleft groups. These measurements were of larger magnitude in the non-cleft group than in the cleft group except for the interincisal angle (1:1), which was larger in clefts.     

Speech evaluation and dental arch shape following pushback palatoplasty in cleft palate patients: Supraperiosteal flap technique versus mucoperiosteal flap technique.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the maxillary dental arch shape and speech of cleft palate patients following pushback palatoplasty using either the supraperiosteal flap technique or the mucoperiosteal flap technique. PATIENTS: Sixty-two patients (29, cleft palate only; 33, unilateral cleft lip, alveolus and palate) operated on by the supraperiosteal technique and 47 patients (23, cleft palate only; 24 unilateral cleft lip, alveolus and palate) by the mucoperiosteal technique were reviewed in this study. Study design: Dental arch shape and speech proficiency at preschool and school age were evaluated in all patients. RESULTS: Dental arch shapes were classified as U type (good dental arch shape) and V type (narrow dental arch shape). In cleft palate only patients, U type was observed in 90% of the supraperiosteal group and 83% of the mucoperiosteal group. In unilateral cleft lip, alveolus and palate patients, U type was observed in 85% of the supraperiosteal group, while only in 33% of the mucoperiosteal group. In cleft palate only patients, normal speech at school age was observed 100% of the supraperiosteal group and 83% of the mucoperiosteal group. In unilateral cleft lip, alveolus and palate patients, normal speech at school age was observed in 97% of the supraperiosteal group and 75% of the mucoperiosteal group. Misarticulation was frequently found in patients with the V type of dental arch shape. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that pushback palatoplasty using the supraperiosteal technique is more advantageous for speech development compared with the mucoperiosteal technique.     

Relationship between dental arch width and vertical facial morphology in untreated adults

The objectives of this study were to investigate if a relationship exists between dental arch width and the vertical facial pattern determined by the steepness of the mandibular plane, and to examine the differences in dental arch widths between male and female untreated adults. Lateral cephalograms and dental casts were obtained from 185 untreated Caucasians (92 males, 93 females) between 18 and 68 years of age with no crossbite, minimal crowding, and spacing. The angle of the mandibular plane (MP) to the anterior cranial base (SN) was measured on cephalograms of each patient. Dental casts were used to obtain comprehensive dental measurements including maxillary and mandibular intercanine, interpremolar, and intermolar widths, as well as the amount of crowding or spacing. The arch widths of males and females were analysed and the differences between them were tested for significance using a Student's t-test. Regression analysis was used to determine the statistical significance of the relationships between MP-SN angle and dental arch width and crowding or spacing. The results showed that male arch widths were significantly larger than those of females (P < 0.05). For both males and females, there was a trend that as MP-SN angle increased, arch width decreased. It was concluded that dental arch width is associated with gender and facial vertical morphology. Thus, using individualized archwires according to each patient's pre-treatment arch form and width is suggested during orthodontic treatment.     

Predictors of poor dental arch relationship in young children with unilateral cleft lip and palate

The aim of this cross-sectional outcome study using retrospective data capture of treatment histories was to examine the characteristics of young children with unilateral cleft lip and palate who had poor dental arch relationship (i.e., Goslon 5). The study sample comprised 120 children born with nonsyndromic complete unilateral cleft lip and palate between 1995 and 2003, and were aged between 5.0 and 7.0 years (mean age, 5.1 years) at the time of data collection. The dental arch relationship was assessed using the Goslon yardstick from intraoral dental photographs. An independent investigator recorded treatment histories from the clinical notes. The inter- and intraexaminer agreements evaluated by weighted kappa statistics were high. There was no association between dental arch relationship and the type of presurgical orthopedics or pharyngeal flap. Dental arch relationship was associated with the initial cleft size (odds ratio, OR = 1.3; 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.1-1.5, p < 0.01), surgeon grade for palate repair (OR = 5.0, 95% CI = 1.2-19.9, p < 0.05), and primary gingivoperiosteoplasty (OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.0-8.1, p = 0.05). These data suggest that intraoral dental photographs provide a reliable method for rating dental arch relationship. Wide initial cleft, high-volume surgeon, and primary gingivoperiosteoplasty are predictors of poor dental arch relationship outcome in young children with unilateral cleft lip and palate. These findings may improve treatment outcome by modifying the treatment protocol for patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate.     

Growth and development of the dental arch and alveolar ridge in the incisal segment from the late period of mixed dentition to the early period of permanent dentition

The purpose of this study is to provide information on normal growth and development of the dental arch and alveolar ridge. Materials were longitudinal casts obtained from 38 children (male: 19, female: 19) with normal dentition. The casts were taken at 2-month intervals for the purpose of providing information on tooth emergence. Measurements for chronological age were taken from 11 years and 6 months to 13 years and 6 months. Measurements for dental age were taken during a period of 1 year before and 1 year after emergence of the permanent second molar. In addition to these dental age measurements, other measurements for dental age were made at each evaluation of dental arch length and basal dental arch length for a period of 1 year before and 1 year after emergence of the permanent second premolar. After a reference plane had been established and each cast had been standardized, a formcorder was used to trace 5 sagittal sections at the midline and at the region of the right and left central and lateral incisors. Growth and development of dental arch length, basal arch length, and alveolar width in both the maxilla and the mandible were measured on these 5 sagittal sections. Total dental arch length was taken to be the distance between the mesial surfaces of the permanent first molars and the labial surface of each incisor. Total basal arch length was taken to be the distance between the ridge of the posterior region of the basal arch and the most concave point of the labial basal arch. In addition to casts, lateral cephalometric films were used to measure, at ages 12, 13 and 14, changes in the vertical and horizontal dimensions of both the central incisors and the jaws and the long axes of the permanent central incisors. Results and conclusions 1. Mean growth in dental arch length 1) In the maxilla When growth was evaluated by chronological age, in 2 years, the total dental arch length decreased 1.0-1.2 mm in the region of the central incisors and 0.8-0.9 mm in the region of the lateral incisors. Evaluated by dental age based on the emergence of the permanent maxillary second premolar, up to 2 months before the emergence of that tooth, no notable changes occurred in the total dental arch length in the regions of both the central and lateral incisors. But a remarkable decrease of 0.9-1.1 mm took place thereafter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

An experimental study of the influence and mechanism of surgically induced cleft palate and palatoplasty on teeth and dental arch in dogs]

The dogs were selected as the experimental subjects in this study. The authors continuously observed the maxillary teeth and dental arch form in preoperation and 2, 4, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30, 34 weeks of post operation to all the animals. 40 puppies were divided into four groups, which were unoperated control group, surgically induced cleft palate group, cleft palate repaired group and cleft palate implanted bone group. The experimental result showed: there were remarkable differences at rate of itself growth between deciduous dentition and permanent dentition in the four groups. The result suggested that the cleft palate was a reason for disturbances of dental arch development, an exposed bone wound in hard palate of maxillary after palatoplasty was an important reason that it made maxillary dental arch growth problem heavier, authors could prevent the disturbs the transverse development of the maxillary dental arch from cleft palate who had or had not repaired by implanted bone in total cleft palate.     

Genetic contribution to dental arch size variation in Australian twins

The aim of this study was to quantify the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to variations in dental arch breadth, length and palatal height in a sample of Australian twins, and to estimate heritabilities using modern model-fitting methods. Dental casts of 20 male and 24 female monozygous (MZ) twin pairs, 17 male and 8 female dizygous (DZ) twin pairs, and 9 opposite-sexed DZ twin pairs were selected from the collection of records of twins housed at the Adelaide Dental School. The mean ages of subjects were 15.8 ± 3.5 years (MZ) and 17.0 ± 4.7 years (DZ). Dental casts were scanned using a contact-type 3D scanner, PICZA interfaced to a personal computer running 3D-Rugle3 software. Data were subjected to univariate genetic analysis with the structural equation modelling package, Mx, using the normal assumptions of the twin model. A model incorporating additive genetic (A) and unique environmental (E) variation was found to be the most parsimonious for dental arch breadth and length, and palatal height. Estimates of heritability for dental arch breadth ranged from 0.49 to 0.92, those for arch length from 0.86 to 0.94, and those for palatal height were 0.80 and 0.81, respectively. These results indicate a high genetic contribution to the variation in dental arch dimensions in mainly teenage twins.     

Dental experience of cleft affected children in the west of Ireland

AIM: To investigate caries experience and initial access to dental services in a group of children with cleft lip/palate in the west of Ireland. DESIGN AND METHOD: Cross sectional study with prospective data capture and matched control. Details of children born with a cleft were obtained from all health professionals likely to be involved in delivering care to these children. Existing databases were cross-referenced to eliminate duplication or missed patients. A matched control sample was recruited from 14 schools in the region. RESULTS: A sample of 90 cleft affected children (48 male, 42 female) with any category of cleft born between 1980-1996 (i.e. 16 years) was compared with a control group of 100 non cleft children (60 male, 40 female). The DMF index was determined by a trained and calibrated clinician. Twenty-two percent (n=20) of the cleft group were caries free compared to 41% (n=41) in the control group. The combined dmf/DMF for the cleft group was 2.09 compared to 1.50 for the control (P<0.05). Separate analysis of the dmf and DMF between the two groups indicated that the difference lay in the caries found in the deciduous dentition of the cleft group. The first dental visit was at 4 years of age for the cleft group. CONCLUSIONS: Cleft affected children in the region did not receive adequate and regular dental care at the appropriate time. In view of the significantly greater risk of dental disease in clefting, particularly in the deciduous dentition, all cleft affected children should be referred for comprehensive and continued preventive dental care from the first year of life.