Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Heterogeneously Sonoporated Cells by Microbubbles with Single-Pulse Ultrasound

To develop and realize sonoporation-based macromolecule delivery, it is important to understand the underlying cellular bioeffects involved. It is known that an appropriate level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is necessary to maintain normal physiologic function, but excessive ROS triggers adverse downstream bioeffects. However, it is still unclear whether a relationship exists between intracellular ROS levels and sonoporation. Using a customized platform for 1.5-MHz ultrasound exposure (13.33 µs duration and 0.70?MPa peak negative pressure) and imaging the dynamics of sonoporation and intracellular ROS at the single-cell level, we quantified the exogenous molecular uptake and the concentration of intracellular ROS indicator to evaluate the extent of sonoporation and ROS change, respectively. Our results revealed that the intracellular ROS level was correlated with the degree of the sonoporation. (i) Within ~120?s of the onset of ultrasound, during which membrane perforation and complete membrane resealing occurred, intracellular ROS rapidly decreased because of extracellular diffusion of dichlorofluorescein through the perforated membrane and positively correlated with the degree of the sonoporation. (ii) In the following 270?s (120–390?s post-exposure), ROS generation in reversibly sonoporated cells gradually increased and was positively correlated with the degree of the sonoporation. (iii) The ROS level in irreversibly sonoporated cells reduced to depletion during this time interval. It is possible that ROS generation in reversibly sonoporated cells can impact their long-term fate. These results thus provide new insight into the biological response to sonoporation.     

系统膀胱功能训练预防子宫广泛切除术后尿潴留的研究

目的评估系统膀胱功能训练对预防子宫广泛切除术后尿潴留的效果。方法60例子宫广泛切除术患者随机分成试验组和对照组各30例,试验组采用系统膀胱功能训练(bladdertraining,BT),对照组采用常规护理。比较2组预防术后尿潴留的效果。结果试验组术后排尿困难、残余尿、尿潴留及泌尿系统感染发生均低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论系统膀胱功能训练能有效预防子宫广泛切除术后排尿困难、尿潴留、泌尿系统感染发生。     

腹腔镜胃癌根治术的临床应用

目的：探讨腹腔镜胃癌根治术的可行性和效果。方法：14例胃癌患者行腹腔镜胃癌根治术,其中根治性远侧胃次全切除术12例;根治性全胃切除术2例。结果：除1例中转开腹,1例改行经胸食管空肠吻合外,其余全部成功进行腹腔镜胃癌根治术。手术用时平均260 min（210-350 min）,出血量平均180 mL（80-300 mL）,清扫淋巴结平均21枚（13-27枚）,肛门排气时间平均2.5 d（1-4 d）。结论：腹腔镜胃癌根治术安全可行,能够达到开腹手术相当的根治效果。     

血自由基和肿瘤坏死因子的含量与肝炎病毒感染关系的研究

目的探讨肝炎病毒感染与自由基及肿瘤坏死因子的关系。方法用ELISA、显色、比色法检测肝炎病毒感染者、肝炎患者血液中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、脂质氧化物(LPO)、丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)的含量。结果肝炎病毒感染者、肝炎患者血中LPO,MDA,TNF含量明显高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01);而SOD,GSH-PX,CAT的含量明显低于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01),与肝炎病毒感染的种类及肝炎发生的程度密切相关。结论肝炎病毒感染者、肝炎患者的SOD,GSH-PX,CAT,LPO,MDA,TNF的含量检测,对了解肝脏损伤及肝炎的防治有一定意义。     

The Role of Radical Surgery in the Treatment of Prostatic Cancer

At present, prostatic cancer is the most common malignancy in men in many Western countries and its incidence is continuously increasing. Radical prostatectomy has been used for over 80 years, but there is still controversy about its role in the treatment of localized prostatic cancer. Because of insufficient knowledge of the natural history of prostatic cancer and a lack of accurate prognostic factors there are possibilities for both over-and undertreatment. Better staging methods are also required to discriminate between intra-and extracapsular tumours, which is essential for curative treatment. On the basis of the facts mentioned above and because of the poor sensitivity and specificity of transrectal palpation, ultrasound examination and prostate-specific antigen, which are used in screening, diagnosing and staging of prostatic cancer, screening is not yet recommended for the detection of early prostatic cancer.     

Serum Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging Capacity as Quantified with Iron-Free Hydroxyl Radical Source

We have developed a simple ESR spin trapping based method for hydroxyl (OH) radical scavenging-capacity determination, using iron-free OH radical source. Instead of the widely used Fenton reaction, a short (typically 5 seconds) in situ UV-photolysis of a dilute hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution was employed to generate reproducible amounts of OH radicals. ESR spin trapping was applied to quantify OH radicals; the decrease in the OH radical level due to the specimen’s scavenging activity was converted into the OH radical scavenging capacity (rate). The validity of the method was confirmed in pure antioxidants, and the agreement with the previous data was satisfactory. In the second half of this work, the new method was applied to the sera of chronic renal failure (CRF) patients. We show for the first time that after hemodialysis, OH radical scavenging capacity of the CRF serum was restored to the level of healthy control. This method is simple and rapid, and the low concentration hydrogen peroxide is the only chemical added to the system, that could eliminate the complexity of iron-involved Fenton reactions or the use of the pulse-radiolysis system.     

超声刀在乳腺癌根治术中的临床应用研究

目的　通过超声刀和电刀在乳腺癌改良根治手术的对比 ,探讨超声刀在乳腺癌改良根治术中的临床应用价值。方法　观察我院 2 0 0 1年 6月～ 2 0 0 4年 2月乳腺癌改良根治术病人 10 5例 ,47例采用电刀 ,为电刀组 ;5 8例采用超声刀 ,为超声刀组。主要观察指标有 :手术时间、术中出血量、术中输血例数、术后 2 4h引流量、放置引流管时间 ,以及术后并发症皮瓣坏死、皮下积液的观察对比。结果　超声刀组手术时间较电刀组有明显缩短 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;超声刀组平均节省手术时间 41.8min。术中平均出血量超声刀组较电刀组显著减少 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,超声刀组平均减少出血量 94.2ml。超声刀组术后 2 4h引流量较电刀组显著减少 (P <0 .0 0 1。超声刀组引流管放置时间较电刀组明显缩短 (P <0 .0 0 1)。超声刀组与电刀组术中输血例数、术后皮瓣坏死和皮下积液均无统计学差异。乳腺癌改良根治术整个手术过程 ,包括剥离皮瓣、乳腺切除和腋窝清扫均可使用超声刀来完成 ,无 1例发生腋血管、肩胛下血管、胸背神经、胸长神经的损伤 ;而电刀组不适合作腋窝清扫。结论　超声刀在乳腺癌改良根治术中 ,手术时间明显缩短 ,术中出血量显著减少 ,术中视野清晰 ,术后引流量也明显减少 ,术后皮下积液和皮瓣坏死未见增多 ,有减少趋势 ,可行     

多位点PCR技术用于四川267株分枝杆菌临床分离株的鉴定

目的 初步了解四川省肺结核患者分枝杆菌菌种类型。 方法 收集267株分枝杆菌临床菌株,经PNB/TCH鉴别培养基进行培养鉴定后,采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)对16S rRNA、Rv0577、IS1561、Rv1510、Rv1970、Rv3877/8和Rv3120 基因位点进行扩增,鉴定至种,再经PRA-rpoB、hsp65基因测序进行验证。 结果 267株分枝杆菌临床分离株多位点PCR结果显示结核分枝杆菌262株,非洲分枝杆菌Ⅰ型3株,非结核分枝杆菌2株。PNB/TCH鉴别培养基培养鉴定结果为结核分枝杆菌复合群266株,非结核分枝杆菌1株。2株非结核分枝杆菌分别为鸟分枝杆菌(M. avium)和脓毒分枝杆菌(M. septicum)。多位点PCR结果与rpoB-PRA、hsp65基因测序结果一致。 结论 多位点PCR技术鉴定分枝杆菌菌种结果准确可靠,且具有简便和快速等优点,有较大的分子流行病学应用价值,且对于临床诊断和治疗都具有重要意义。     

根治性宫颈切除术1例并文献复习

目的：探讨广泛性宫颈切除术在早期宫颈癌手术治疗中的可行性和安全性。方法回顾性分析1例早期宫颈癌患者临床资料,并复习国内外文献,总结保留生育功能的根治性宫颈切除术（RT）的临床进展。结果患者术中术后无并发症发生,随访期间无复发。结论对年轻宫颈癌患者实施保留生育功能的RT手术是可行的,RT术后妊娠结局仍需大样本资料研究证实。     

一次性根治肛周脓肿的临床观察

目的探讨肛周脓肿患者一次性根治的治疗方法。方法采用一次性根治术治疗肛周脓肿60例。其中肛周皮下脓肿及低位肛门周围脓肿患者（12例）行脓肿一次性切开根治术;坐骨直肠脓肿及高位肌间脓肿患者（48例）行脓肿一次性切开＋肛瘘挂线术。结果 60例患者住院时间5～8 d,经过手术治疗后一次性治愈59例,一次性治愈率为98.3%。肛周皮下及低位肌间脓肿的患者切口愈合时间为12～20 d;坐骨直肠脓肿及高位肌间脓肿的患者切口愈合时间为25～40 d,其中1例患者术后因自行拔除橡皮筋而复发,经二次手术后未再复发。所有患者均随访3个月无复发,未出现肛门失禁、肛门狭窄、肛门畸形等并发症,肛门功能均正常。结论肛周脓肿患者采用合理的手术方法均能获得较好疗效,避免了分期手术疗程长、痛苦大、费用高的缺点。     

混响场中脉冲超声空化致自由基规律的研究

本文采用荧光光谱分析方法，研究了频率为８２０ＫＨｚ脉冲宽度不同的超声波的空化致自由基的规律。结果得出空化致自由基产量随脉冲宽度及声强呈现律性变化，在某一脉冲宽度下，空化致自由基产量表现为极大值。并对超声致自由基对超声诊断及其治疗的影响进行了初步讨论。     

Identification of a Radical Formed in the Reaction Mixtures of Ram Seminal Vesicle Microsomes with Arachidonic Acid Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electron Spin Resonance Spectrometry and High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electron Spin Resonance-Mass Spectrometry

The reaction of ram seminal vesicle (RSV) microsomes with arachidonic acid (AA) was examined using electron spin resonance (ESR), high performance liquid chromatography-electron spin resonance spectrometry (HPLC-ESR), and high performance liquid chromatography-electron spin resonance-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESR-MS) combined use of spin trapping technique. A prominent ESR spectrum (α^N = 1.58 mT and α^Hβ = 0.26 mT) was observed in the complete reaction mixture of ram seminal vesicle microsomes with arachidonic acid containing 2.0 mg protein/ml ram seminal vesicle (RSV) microsomal suspension, 0.8 mM arachidonic acid, 0.1 M 4-POBN, and 24 mM tris/HCl buffer (pH 7.4). The ESR spectrum was hardly observed for the complete reaction mixture without the RSV microsomes. The formation of the radical appears to be catalyzed by the microsomal components. In the absence of AA, the intensity of the ESR signal decreased to 16 ± 15% of the complete reaction mixture, suggesting that the radical is derived from AA. For the complete reaction mixture with boiled microsomes, the intensity of the ESR signal decreased to 49 ± 4% of the complete reaction mixture. The intensity of the ESR signal of the complete reaction mixture with indomethacin decreased to 74 ± 20% of the complete reaction mixture, suggesting that cyclooxygenese partly participates in the reaction. A peak was detected on the elution profile of HPLC-ESR analysis of the complete reaction mixture. To determine the structure of the peak, an HPLC-ESR-MS analysis was performed. The HPLC-ESR-MS analysis of the peak showed two prominent ions, m/z 266 and m/z 179, suggesting that the peak is a 4-POBN/pentyl radical adduct. An HPLC-ESR analysis of the authentic 4-POBN/pentyl radical adduct comfirmed the identification.     

腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术后患者的预见性护理

目的 探讨对腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术患者可能发生的并发症实施预见性护理的效果.方法 对我科37例采用腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术癌患者实施预见性护理,观察其术后高碳酸血症、继发出血、肺部感染、下肢静脉血栓、尿失禁等并发症的发生情况.结果 预见性护理能明显减少前列腺癌患者术后高碳酸血症、继发出血、肺部感染、下肢静脉血栓、尿失禁等...     

妇科恶性肿瘤根治术后尿潴留的预防

目的探讨妇科恶性肿瘤根治术后尿潴留的预防措施。方法对照组为2002年1月至2003年11月的48例妇科恶性肿瘤根治术后患者,采用定期开放导尿管预防尿潴留;试验组为2003年12月至2005年6月的54例妇科恶性肿瘤根治术后患者,采用个体化放尿、膀胱内注药液和药物口服综合措施预防尿潴留。结果对照组尿潴留的发生率为20．83％,试验组为1．85％,两组差异非常显著（P〈0．01）。结论采取个体化放尿、膀胱内注药液、药物口服综合预防措施,能有效降低妇科恶性肿瘤根治术后尿潴留的发生率。     

自由基与白血病关系的研究进展

自由基是一类带电荷的原子、分子或离子，具有很强的生物活性，在肿瘤和其它许多疾病的发生过程中起重要作用。自由基在人体内通过一系列级联反应产生或，它可以激活癌基因，在细胞内参与肿瘤细胞凋亡、生存、增殖相关的信号传导，修饰关键酶或蛋白并改变其功能，从而导致肿瘤的发生，同时对组织、器官造成损伤，产生多种病理变化。自由基还是许多抗白血病药物发挥药理作用的中间产物或功能物质。     

乳腺癌根治术后自体组织皮瓣重建软组织缺损

目的探讨巨大乳腺癌根治术后软组织缺损的修补方法。方法回顾性分析我院2003年7月-2005年7月15例巨大乳腺癌患者行手术治疗的临床资料。结果15例乳腺癌术前行化疗，肿块未缩小，再行乳腺癌根治术，均有严重软组织缺损，即时行自体组织皮瓣移植，术后有1例脂肪液化坏死并发症发生。结论自体组织皮瓣移植不仅能修补软组织缺损。还能在形态上起到一定乳房再造的作用。     

紫外线照射充氧自血回输对自由基水平的影响

采用紫外线照射充氧自血回输治疗动脉硬化性脑梗塞患者５０例．５天治疗１次，５次为１疗程。测定１疗程前后的红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活力及血浆过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）含量。结果，治疗后脑梗塞患者红细胞ＳＯＤ活力明显增高（Ｐ＜０．００１），血浆ＬＰＯ含量明显下降（Ｐ＜０．００１）。表明该疗法可增强脑梗塞患者清除自由基酶ＳＯＤ活力，调节体内自由基平衡．     

绿芝宝对高原工人的血液流变特性及自由基代谢的影响

目的夹探讨高原环境对工人的血液流变学指标和自由基代谢的影响；观察服用抗自由基保健饮料绿芝宝对高原危害的防护作用。方法 对来自平原的健康筑路工人分为平原组、高原组和绿芝宝组3组。分别检测工人在平原和进驻高原3个月后及在高原服用保健饮料绿芝宝3个月后的红细胞压积(ItCT)、血液粘度(ηb)、红细胞变形指数(DI)、自由基代谢相关指标(MDA、SOD、CAT、GSH-P1)等。结果高原缺氧环境下人体的红细胞数量增加，血液粘度增高，红细胞变形性降低，MDA、CAT、GSH—Px(升高。服用抗自由基保健饮料绿芝宝后，各项指标均有改善。结论高原缺氧导致人体的血液流变学指标变差、自由基代谢状态紊乱；服用保健饮料绿芝宝后能改善血液流变学指标和自由基代谢，提高机体的抗缺氧能力。     

机器人辅助腹腔镜行根治性前列腺切除术的护理

目的探讨达芬奇机器人辅助腹腔镜行根治性前列腺切除术的治疗与护理方法。方法将2007年10月至2008年4月完成的16例达芬奇机器人辅助腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术与2006年5月至2007年7月完成的17例传统开放根治性前列腺切除术进行对照观察,比较两组患者的术中出血量、手术时间、肛门排气恢复时间、下床活动时间、引流管拔除时间以及术后住院天数等。结果机器人辅助腹腔镜根治性前列腺切除术组在术中出血量、引流管拔除时间、下床活动时间、术后住院天数等方面均优于传统开放手术组（P〈0.05）。结论达芬奇机器人辅助腹腔镜行根治性前列腺切除术具有创伤小、出血量少、恢复快等优势,减轻了患者的痛苦,降低了护理难度,提高了医疗与护理工作的效率,是值得普遍推广的治疗前列腺癌的微创手术方法之一。     

系统性淋巴清扫、肾癌根治术并发症的原因分析与护理对策

系统性淋巴清扫、肾癌根治术是治疗早中期肾癌患者的重要手段,采用该术式有望提高肾癌病人的预后.通过对94例系统性淋巴清扫、肾癌根治术患者术后并发症相关因素的分析,提出相应的护理对策,强调重视术前准备及术后并发症的观察、预防与护理,以减少术后并发症,提高手术成功率.