Exploring Sports Nutrition Knowledge in Elite Gaelic Footballers

Nutrition intake plays a crucial role in improving athletic performance, enhancing adaptations to training, and augmenting recovery from exercise. However, research has reported that Gaelic footballers consistently fail to meet energy and carbohydrate recommendations. Sports nutrition knowledge (SNK) can influence the dietary intake of athletes, and therefore has the potential to have a significant impact on athletic performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the current level of SNK in elite Gaelic footballers (n = 100). An online version of the Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire (NSKQ) was used to assess sports SNK. The overall mean SNK scores for Gaelic footballers and practitioners were 47.6 ± 12.3% and 78.1 ± 8.3%, respectively. There were no differences in knowledge between age groups, education level or divisional status. The top three sources of nutrition information identified by participants were team dietitian/nutritionists (84.0%), athletic trainers/strength and conditioning coaches (73%), and social media (37%). The results show that there is a major gap in the SNK of Gaelic footballers, while practitioners demonstrated a promising SNK, that could support Gaelic footballers. There is a need for development of interventions and knowledge transfer partnerships, including more effective methods of educating Gaelic footballers and translating sports nutrition principles to players. Developing appropriate nutritional education strategies using online resources and mobile applications could help to improve nutritional knowledge and practice of Gaelic footballers.     

Consumer Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Nutritional Labels

ObjectiveTo determine Mauritian consumers' attitudes toward nutritional labels based on the Kano model and to identify determinants of the use and understanding of nutrition labels.DesignThe researchers also used a Kano model questionnaire to determine consumers' attitudes toward nutrition labeling.SettingFour hundred consumers residing in Mauritius.ParticipantsInformation was elicited via a questionnaire that assessed nutritional knowledge and information about the use and understanding of nutritional labels and demographic factors.Main Outcome MeasuresNutritional label use and understanding, nutrition knowledge, and association of demographic factors with label use.AnalysisStatistical tests performed included 1-way ANOVA and independent samples t tests.ResultsStatistically significant relationships (P < .05) were found for nutritional knowledge and nutritional label usage with demographic factors. All demographic factors with the exception of gender were significantly associated (P < .05) with nutritional label understanding. Based on the outcome of the Kano survey, calorie content, trans fat content, protein content, and cholesterol content were found to be must-be attributes: that is, attributes that, when not present, result in consumer dissatisfaction.Conclusions and ImplicationsAge, education, income, household size, and nutrition knowledge had an impact on nutritional label use. Health promoters should aim to increase the use of nutritional labels.     

Effect of Digital Nutrition Education Intervention on the Nutritional Knowledge Levels of Information Technology Professionals

The purpose of the study was to determine the changes in knowledge of information technology (IT) professionals after receiving a nutrition education intervention for a month. The sample comprised of 40 IT professionals (29 males and 11 females). The sample was drawn from four IT companies of Hyderabad city using random sampling techniques. The data on the general information of the subjects was collected. The data regarding the commonly accessed sources of nutrition and health information by the subjects was also obtained from the study. The intervention study group received nutrition education by distribution of the developed CD-ROMs to them followed by interactive sessions. To assess the impact of nutrition education intervention, the knowledge assessment questionnaire (KAQ) was developed and administered before and after the education programme. A significant improvement in the mean nutritional knowledge scores was observed among the total study subjects from 22.30 to 40.55 after the intervention (p < 0.05). The findings support the importance of providing professionals with nutrition knowledge to promote healthy dietary behaviors.Thus, the method of e-learning and development of CD-Rom is essential for teaching the educated groups on nutrition, physical activity and overall health education to improve their health, lifestyle and eating habits.     

Assessment of Sport Nutrition Knowledge,Dietary Practices,and Sources of Nutrition Information in NCAA Division III Collegiate Athletes

Nutrition knowledge is a critical component of meeting sport nutrition guidelines. The present study aimed to evaluate the sport nutrition knowledge of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division III (DIII) athletes using a validated questionnaire, and to assess the dietary practices and sources of nutrition information in this population. A total of 331 student-athletes (n = 149 males, n = 181 females, n = 1 no sex indicated) completed the questionnaire. The mean score for total sport nutrition knowledge was 6.49 ± 8.9 (range −49 to 49) with a mean percent (%) correct score of 36.9 ± 19.1%. Athletes who had a previous college-level nutrition course (n = 62) had significantly higher (p < 0.05) total sport nutrition, carbohydrate, and hydration knowledge compared to those who did not (n = 268). Individual sport athletes (n = 90) scored significantly higher (p < 0.05) on hydration and micronutrients knowledge than team sport athletes (n = 237), while females scored higher than males for hydration knowledge (p < 0.05). The majority of athletes reported sensible dietary habits, such as not frequently skipping meals and eating carbohydrate and protein foods peri-workout. Athletes also reported their primary sources of nutrition information, the top three sources being social media, coaches, and athletic trainers, despite most frequently rating registered dietitians/nutritionists as “extremely knowledgeable”. Despite low sport nutrition knowledge, NCAA DIII collegiate athletes practiced seemingly prudent dietary habits but lacked exposure to high-quality sources of nutrition information.     

The Influence of Sport Nutrition Knowledge on Body Composition and Perceptions of Dietary Requirements in Collegiate Athletes

Sport nutrition knowledge has been shown to influence dietary habits of athletes. The purpose of the current study was to examine relationships between sport nutrition knowledge and body composition and examine potential predictors of body weight goals in collegiate athletes. Participants included National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III women (n = 42, height: 169.9 ± 6.9 cm; body mass: 67.1 ± 8.6 kg; fat-free mass: 51.3 ± 6.6 kg; body fat percent: 24.2 ± 5.3%) and men (n = 25, height: 180.8 ± 7.2 cm; body mass: 89.2 ± 20.5 kg; fat-free mass: 75.9 ± 12.2 kg; body fat percent: 13.5 ± 8.9%) athletes. Body composition was assessed via air displacement plethysmography. Athletes completed a validated questionnaire designed to assess sport nutrition knowledge and were asked questions about their perceived dietary energy and macronutrient requirements, as well as their body weight goal (i.e., lose, maintain, gain weight). Athletes answered 47.98 ± 11.29% of questions correctly on the nutrition questionnaire with no differences observed between sexes (men: 49.52 ± 11.76% vs. women: 47.03 ± 11.04%; p = 0.40). An inverse relationship between sport nutrition knowledge scores and body fat percentage (BF%) (r = −0.330; p = 0.008), and fat mass (r = −0.268; p = 0.032) was observed for all athletes. Fat mass (β = 0.224), BF% (β = 0.217), and body mass index (BMI) (β = 0.421) were all significant (p < 0.05) predictors of body weight goal in women. All athletes significantly (p < 0.001) underestimated daily energy (−1360 ± 610.2 kcal/day), carbohydrate (−301.6 ± 149.2 grams/day [g/day]), and fat (−41.4 ± 34.5 g/day) requirements. Division III collegiate athletes have a low level of sport nutrition knowledge, which was associated with a higher BF%. Women athletes with a higher body weight, BF% and BMI were more likely to select weight loss as a body weight goal. Athletes also significantly underestimated their energy and carbohydrate requirements based upon the demands of their sport, independent of sex.     

Nutrition Knowledge of Caregivers Influences Feeding Practices and Nutritional Status of Children 2 to 5 Years Old in Sekhukhune District,South Africa

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine caregivers'' nutrition knowledge and its influence on feeding practices and nutritional status on young children.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted in 120 caregiver-child pairs. A validated questionnaire was used to collect caregivers'' nutrition knowledge and feeding practices. Nutritional status was estimated using anthropometric measurements. Z-scores were computed using WHO Antro software. Chi-square test was used to determine the association between caregivers'' nutrition knowledge and feeding practices. Significance was set at p <0.05.ResultsForty three percent of caregivers reported health professionals as their source of nutrition information. Almost all children (94.2%) were breastfed at one stage in their lives, with 62.5% introduced to solid foods before six months. Maize meal porridge (87.5%) and bread (54.2%) were consumed daily by most of the children, while 48.3% consumed meat and meat products three to four times per week. One in eight children consumed fruits daily and 5.8% vegetables daily. Forty one percent of children were stunted. Family income showed positive correlation with the nutritional status of children (weight-for-age R = 0.207, p < .05; height-for-age R°=°0.203*, p°= .026). An association was observed between the duration of breastfeeding and alternative food, to milk (R = 0.302**, p = .001), amount of fruit consumed daily (R = 0.197*, p = .031) and number of meals consumed daily (R = 0.284**, p = .048). Conclusion: Nutrition knowledge and feeding practices of the caregivers were not satisfactory.     

社区高血压及营养KAP健康教育效果分析

目的 评价高血压及营养健教对社区高血压人群的干预效果。方法 在上海某社区随机抽取370名年龄为35-75岁高血压病人作为高血压及营养知识。态度及行为（KAP）调查的基线人群,其中干预组176人,对照组194人。结果 经一年的社区干预后,对两组人群进行高血压及营养知识,态度及行为复查,干预组对营养知识的掌握优于对照组;干预组对中国居民膳食指南的知晓率在干预后也明显提高;在改善不良膳食行为方面,干预组行为改善率高于对照组,两组相比有显著性差异。结论 社区高血压及营养知识健康教育对高血压人群提高高血压及营养知识水平是有效的和可行的。     

Knowledge and Practices of Digestive Surgeons concerning Specialized Nutritional Support in Cancer Patients: A Survey Study

A survey study based on a 21-item questionnaire was conducted to assess knowledge and practices of digestive surgeons focused on nutritional support in gastrointestinal cancer patients. At least 5 staff digestive surgeons from 25 tertiary care hospitals throughout Spain were invited to participate and 116 accepted. Malnutrition was correctly defined by 81.9% of participants. In patients undergoing major abdominal surgery, 55.2% considered that preoperative nutritional support is indicated in all patients with malnutrition for a period of 7–14 days. For the diagnosis of malnutrition, only 18.1% of participants selected unintentional weight loss together with a fasting or semi-fasting period of more than one week. Regarding the advantages of enteral infusion, 93.7% of participants considered preservation of the integrity of the intestinal mucosa and barrier function, and in relation to peripheral parenteral nutrition, 86.2% selected the definition of nutrient infusion through a peripheral vein and 81.9% its indication for less than 7 days. Digestive surgeons had a limited knowledge of basic aspects of clinical nutrition in cancer patients, but there was some variability regarding clinical practice in individual cases. These findings indicate the need to develop standardized clinical protocols as well as a national consensus on nutrition support in cancer patients.     

Sportsmen’s Attitude towards Dietary Supplements and Nutrition Knowledge: An Investigation in Selected Roman Area Gyms

The non-professional sport environment is a grey zone not as widely assessed as that of elite athletes. The purpose of this research was to investigate the dietary supplementation habits and the nutrition knowledge on sport (NKS) in a sample of gym users. The level of adequacy of NKS was set at ≥60% of correct answers. Almost half (46.4%) of respondents stated they used food supplements, in particular multivitamins (31.0%), amino acid pills (29.5%), minerals (29.1%), and protein powders (28.7%). Supplements were used to increase muscle mass (36.9%) and to repair muscle (35.1%). Gym trainers were the preferred source of information on the use of supplements, especially in males (84%). The NKS correct response rate was 57.1% and the proportion of respondents with a sufficient level of NKS was 47.3%. The prevalence of correct answers was highest in males (61.5%) and for respondents with the highest educational attainment levels (44.5% and 53%). This study demonstrated that non-professional sportsmen do not have sufficient knowledge of nutrition and that the gym environment does not facilitate the circulation of the correct information on the role of supplementation. Considering the importance of nutrition for sportsmen, it is necessary to put in place actions aimed at increasing the knowledge of nutrition of gym users and their trainers.     

Nutritional Habits of Professional Cyclists during Pre-Season

The first aim of the present study was to assess the dietary intake of professional cyclists during pre-season. The second aim was to assess the dietary habits of this population during a complete season. Fifteen elite male (age: 23.2 ± 5.4 years) and twenty-three elite female (age: 20.1 ± 7.0 years) cyclists volunteered to participate in the study. Dietary nutrient intake during pre-season was assessed using a 72 h dietary recall interview, and a 136-item food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary habits during the year. Protein intake exceeded the PRI’s recommendation of 0.83 g/kg/day for all cycling groups. Fat exceeded RI recommendations in females in both road (43.3%) and CXO (39.8%) cycling groups, whilst males were found to follow recommendations for fat intake. CHO intake was below recommendations in all groups. Intake of all vitamins exceeded recommendations, with the exception of B9 in female road cyclists (77.8% RDA) and vitamin D in all groups. With regards to mineral intake, consumption exceeded RDA/AI recommendations in all groups except for iodine in male XCO cyclists (61.6%), female road cyclists (61.6%), and female XCO cyclists (58%) and potassium in female road cyclists (74.6%). Males consumed greater amounts of eggs and non-processed foods than females. Road cyclists consumed greater amounts of fish and seafood and had a lower intake of coffee and tea than XCO cyclists. Better knowledge of food guidelines in terms of serving and food variety is important for professional cyclists at may impact health and performance.     

临床医生营养知识调查

目的了解医生的营养知识认知状况的分布情况,为制定相应对策提供依据。方法采用自填式问卷方式对219名医生进行问卷调查。结果医生的营养知识总得分62.8±10.9,其中基础营养知识得分为34.1±6.3,临床营养知识总得分为28.7±7.0,及格率分别为为59.8%,76.7%,42.5%,基础营养知识得分显著高于临床营养知识得分。不同科室和不同年龄组的临床医生营养知识得分有差异。结论医生的营养知识认知分布不均衡,应有针对性地采取措施提高其营养知识水平。     

Sports Nutrition and Food Knowledge among Malaysian University Athletes

Sports nutrition and food knowledge can influence athletes’ dietary intake, potentially affecting athletic performance. Limited studies have been conducted to identify sports nutrition and food knowledge among Malaysian university athletes. This study aimed to determine Malaysian university athletes’ knowledge of sports nutrition and food, and their reference sources and preferred sports nutrition education programme. Seventy athletes (52.9% females, mean weight = 61.8 kg; height = 1.66 m) aged 18.5–22.4 years responded to an online survey administered using a Google Form. A score of ≥60% was considered as adequate knowledge. The average overall knowledge score was 58.6%. The highest knowledge score was for sports nutrition, specifically food intake periodicity (84.8%), while the lowest was for general food knowledge on fat (44.6%). An analysis of specific questions revealed a lack of understanding about the recommended daily intake of fruits and vegetables (only 14.3% answered correctly), the roles of vitamins and minerals in energy production (21.4%), and good sources of unsaturated fat (37.2%). The academician was the primary reference source (81%), while magazines were the least referred to sources (36%). The university athletes preferred sports camps (33%) over the other nutrition education programme options. More initiatives are needed to improve Malaysian university athletes’ understanding and knowledge of sports nutrition and general food.     

大学生营养知识和饮食习惯现状调查

目的了解大学生营养知识与饮食习惯现况，为提高大学生健康水平提供依据。方法对198名在校大学生进行了问卷调查。问卷涉及日常饮食、饮食习惯、营养知识、饮食态度等4个方面。结果59．1％的学生经常吃早餐，14．6％的学生偶尔吃早餐，26．3％的学生几乎不吃早餐，经常吃早餐者的比例女生高于男生，差异有统计学意义（X^2=14．007，p〈0．05）；饮食习惯则过多地食用方便面、油炸食品、腌酱菜食品、火腿肠，只有7．5％的大学生不摄取这4种食品；而吃鱼、牛奶、蔬菜的比例较低，分别占43．0％、16．6％、59．1％。在男生中存在喝酒等不良习惯者高于女生，差异有统计学意义（X^2=14．521，p〈0．05）；学生普遍缺乏对营养知识的了解；70．2％的学生以“口味”作为首选食物标准，仅18．7％选择“营养”。结论学生营养知识和饮食习惯存在较多问题，应加强大学生营养知识的教育，纠正其不合理的饮食习惯。     

大学生营养知识和饮食习惯现状调查

目的了解大学生营养知识与饮食习惯现况,为提高大学生健康水平提供依据。方法对198名在校大学生进行了问卷调查。问卷涉及日常饮食、饮食习惯、营养知识、饮食态度等4个方面。结果59.1%的学生经常吃早餐,14.6%的学生偶尔吃早餐,26.3%的学生几乎不吃早餐,经常吃早餐者的比例女生高于男生,差异有统计学意义(χ2=14.007,p<0.05);饮食习惯则过多地食用方便面、油炸食品、腌酱菜食品、火腿肠,只有7.5%的大学生不摄取这4种食品;而吃鱼、牛奶、蔬菜的比例较低,分别占43.0%、16.6%、59.1%。在男生中存在喝酒等不良习惯者高于女生,差异有统计学意义(χ2=14.521,p<0.05);学生普遍缺乏对营养知识的了解;70.2%的学生以"口味"作为首选食物标准,仅18.7%选择"营养"。结论学生营养知识和饮食习惯存在较多问题,应加强大学生营养知识的教育,纠正其不合理的饮食习惯。     

攀枝花市城区居民营养保健知识及营养状态调查

目的了解攀枝花市城区居民的营养保健知识及营养状态。方法抽样调查该市44个社区的常住居民413户,每户推选一人作为代表答卷,全部有效答卷均用SPSS for Windows11．0统计软件包统计分析。结果专业技术人员和干部得分明显高于工人、商业服务人员、离退休人员和其他人员;体质指数（BMI）：专业技术人员和离退休人员明显高于工人和其它人员,其它两两之间比较差异无统计学意义。各年龄组间知识得分差异均无统计学意义;BMI有随年龄增高而增加的趋势。女性知识得分高于男性,而BMI低于男性。社区居民知识得分明显高于学生家长,而BMI间差异无统计学意义。文化程度越高,知识得分越高;而BMI比较差异无统计学意义。结论攀枝花市城区居民问卷得分的主要影响因素是文化程度、性别和人群分类,BMI的主要影响因素是性别。     

Assessment of Nutrition Knowledge and Related Aspects among First-Year Kuwait University Students

Assessing nutrition knowledge of populations assists in drawing strategies for education programs. Nutrition-related problems are common in Kuwait, thus data on nutrition knowledge are needed. This study involved administration of a questionnaire to 1,037 first-year Kuwait University students. The overall nutrition knowledge score was rated as fair, with deficiency in specific areas of knowledge. Students' dietary habits, attitudes, and interest in nutrition information were assessed as fair. Our findings will aid in building a nutrition knowledge database in Kuwait. A simplified course on aspects of healthy nutrition and lifestyle to all Kuwait University students is highly recommended.     

成都市小学生营养知识水平调查分析

目的 调查成都市小学生膳食营养与健康知识知晓情况,为开展营养健康教育提供科学依据.方法 采用分层随机整群抽样的方法抽取成都市2所小学的958名学生进行问卷调查.结果 成都市小学生营养知识知晓率为84.53％,良好行为形成率为77.83％,学生获得营养知识的主要途径是家长、学校和广播电视.结论 无论是营养健康知识或行为,成都市小学生都存在一定的问题,但他们有改善自己膳食结构的愿望,应当进一步加强对小学生的营养知识健康教育.     

营养教育对中学生健康知识态度行为的影响效果评价

目的评价营养教育对中学生健康知识、态度和行为的影响,为探讨有效的营养健康教育方法提供依据。方法采取整群随机抽样的方法,抽取平顶山市4个区8所中学学生共4430名,进行营养知识、态度、行为调查。将学生分为营养教育组和对照组,对2118名营养教育组学生进行针对性营养宣教,并比较教育前后的效果。结果营养教育后,学生营养KAP明显提高,知道高血压与摄入食盐过多有关的人由46.3%上升为53.5%;70.0%的学生认为很有必要进行营养教育;教育组谷类、薯类、豆类消费增加人数分别较对照组高2.5,2.6和2.8个百分点。结论营养教育能提高中学生的营养知识,改善其态度及行为;营养知识讲座和营养咨询是受中学生欢迎的教育形式。     

Diet Quality and Level of Nutrition Knowledge among Young People with Orthorexic Tendencies

The aim of the study was to determine the level of nutrition knowledge and diet quality, understood in terms of healthy and unhealthy eating habits, among young people with orthorexic tendencies. The participants were school students, university students, and those employed in the Lublin region (N = 473). The data were collected by means of a questionnaire. The participants were asked to provide socio-demographic data through filling in the ORTO-15 questionnaire and the Dietary Habits and Nutrition Beliefs Questionnaire (KomPAN). The participants obtained results ranging from 9.3 to 100 (M = 31.15; SD = 11.81) in the non-healthy diet index, from 0.4 to 78.6 in the pro-healthy diet index (M = 21.79; SD = 11.08), and from 0 to 23 in the domain of nutrition knowledge (M = 13; SD = 4.23). A variance analysis showed no significant differences between the pro-healthy diet index and the level of nutrition knowledge. The group with orthorexia obtained statistically higher results in the pro-healthy diet index. Those with a tendency toward orthorexia obtained statistically higher results in the non-healthy diet index. The variance analysis showed that the level of nutrition knowledge of those not focused on healthy foods was significantly lower than in the other groups. The results of the ORTO-15 questionnaire correlated negatively with the pro-healthy diet index and the level of nutrition knowledge, and positively with the non-healthy diet index. We concluded that: 1. the orthorexic group and the group with a tendency toward orthorexia could be characterized with a moderate intensity of a healthy diet and a low intensity of a non-healthy diet; and 2. the level of nutrition knowledge in the orthorexic group did not significantly differ from that of the other groups.