新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情对中国成人体重增加的影响及相关因素分析

目的  分析COVID-19疫情对中国成年人群体重增加的影响。方法  利用中国人民大学中国调查与数据中心开展的新冠肺炎疫情综合影响调查,通过随机数字拨号,于全国各个地级市抽取18岁及以上的成年居民样本,并用电话调查系统进行问卷调查,本研究纳入数据分析的样本共2 051例。采用χ²检验比较不同特征样本人群受疫情影响的体重增加差异,并建立多因素Logistic回归分析模型分析体重增加的影响因素。结果  研究对象疫情期间体重增加的比例较高(29.30%),多因素分析结果显示,女性、青年人群、城市居民、湖北省居民、所住社区有确诊病例、未被集中隔离或收治、受教育程度较高和家庭收入较低的人群体重增加可能性更大(均有P＜0.05)。结论  COVID-19疫情使成年人群体重在短期内增加,可能会对部分人群造成长期健康效应,对于疫情期间体重增加高风险人群需要加以重视,疫情防控措施与指导也需对这一方面的健康风险加强关注。     

Household- and employment-related risk factors for depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic

ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic has generated multiple psychological stressors, which may increase the prevalence of depressive symptoms. Utilizing Canadian survey data, this study assessed household- and employment-related risk factors for depressive symptoms during the pandemic.MethodsA sample of 1005 English-speaking Canadian adults aged 18+ years completed a web-based survey after physical distancing measures were implemented across Canada. Hierarchical binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations of depressive symptoms with household- (household size, presence of children, residence locale) and employment-related (job with high risk of COVID-19 exposure, working from home, laid off/not working, financial worry) risk factors, controlling for demographic factors (gender, age, education, income).ResultsAbout 20.4% of the sample reported depressive symptoms at least 3 days per week. The odds of experiencing depressive symptoms 3+ days in the past week were higher among women (AOR = 1.67, p = 0.002) and younger adults (18–29 years AOR = 2.62, p < 0.001). After adjusting for demographic variables, the odds of experiencing depressive symptoms were higher in households with 4+ persons (AOR = 1.88, p = 0.01), in households with children aged 6 to 12 years (AOR = 1.98, p = 0.02), among those with a job at high risk for exposure to COVID-19 (AOR = 1.82, p = 0.01), and those experiencing financial worry due to COVID-19 (‘very worried’ AOR = 8.00, p < 0.001).ConclusionPandemic responses must include resources for mental health interventions. Additionally, further research is needed to track mental health trajectories and inform the development, targeting, and implementation of appropriate mental health prevention and treatment interventions.     

Obesity pandemic during COVID-19 outbreak: Narrative review and future considerations

Factors associated with increased severity and risk of death for COVID-19 in obesity.

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新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的随访与管理

面对一场突如其来的新型冠状病毒肺炎（新冠肺炎）疫情,中国人民解放军总医院第五医学中心在积极做好新冠肺炎患者收容、治疗的同时,不断探索研究患者出院管理模式,抽调骨干人员成立专门的新冠肺炎患者出院管理组,做好出院前的管理工作,定期电话跟踪随访患者病情,有序安排新冠肺炎患者复诊,实现了新冠肺炎患者院中、院后的全流程医疗服务,有力的保障了新冠肺炎患者的身体康复,为各医疗机构该类患者的出院流程管理提供借鉴。     

Managing patients with obesity in the post COVID-19 world: Time to sharpen the saw

The clash of the dual pandemics – COVID-19 and obesity (Chua et al., 2020) [1], threatens to exponentially increase the rates of obesity, which is a risk factor for severe COVID-19 and death (Garg et al., 2020; Peng et al., 2020; Wu et al., 2020; Kass et al., 2020) [[2], [3], [4], [5]]. We need to urgently find solutions to halt this vicious circle. Where do we begin?Our patients – who are often our best teachers. In my clinical practice, I have observed disparate responses among my patients in response to the pandemic. This highlighted the importance of understanding the factors underlying motivation and provided important clues on what clinicians can do to help our patients create a virtuous circle towards positive health outcomes.     

The role of risk perception,risk communication,and demographic factors in COVID-19 preventive behaviors: an online survey in Iran

ObjectivesThis study investigated preventive behaviors toward coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and related factors in a Kurdish Iranian sample.Methods This online survey was conducted among the population aged 18 and above in Kermanshah Province, in western Iran, in April 2020. Samples were invited and recruited through social media. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of 4 sections (questions on demographic variables, risk perception, risk communication, and COVID-19 preventive behaviors) and analyzed using Stata ver. 8.Results The Pearson correlation test showed that risk communication was significantly correlated with COVID-19 preventive behaviors (r=0.320, p<0.01). In the final model, where the explanatory power increased with the entry of the risk communication variable, the variables explained a total of 14% of variance in COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Sex (β=−0.482), risk perception (β=0.047), and risk communication (β=0.662) were significant determinants.ConclusionRisk communication and risk perception related to COVID-19, as well as being a woman, were determinants of COVID-19 preventive behaviors.     

U.S. public support for COVID-19 vaccine donation to low- and middle-income countries during the COVID-19 pandemic

As COVID-19 vaccines become available to the public, there will be a massive worldwide distribution effort. Vaccine distribution has historically been unequal primarily due to the inability of nations with developing economies to purchase enough vaccine to fully vaccinate their populations. Inequitable access to COVID-19 vaccines will not just cause humanitarian suffering, it will likely also be associated with increased economic suffering worldwide. This study focuses on the U.S. population and its beliefs about future COVID-19 vaccine donation by the U.S. to low- and middle-income countries.This study carried out a survey among 788 U.S. adults. Variables include demographics, COVID-19 vaccine priority status, COVID-19 vaccine donation beliefs, and Social Dominance Orientation.Analyses showed that older respondents were both less likely to endorse higher levels of COVID-19 vaccine donations and were more likely to want to wait until all in the U.S. who want the vaccine have received it; those who identified as Democrats were more likely to endorse higher levels of future COVID-19 vaccine donation than Republicans; and those scoring higher on SDO were both less likely to endorse higher levels of COVID-19 vaccine donations as well as more likely to want to wait until all in the U.S. who want the vaccine have received it. Policymakers, as well as healthcare providers and public health communication professionals, should give consideration to those messages most likely to engender support for global prevention efforts with each audience segment.     

Community venue exposure risk estimator for the COVID-19 pandemic

Complexities of virus genotypes and the stochastic contacts in human society create a big challenge for estimating the potential risks of exposure to a widely spreading virus such as COVID-19. To increase public awareness of exposure risks in daily activities, we propose a birthday-paradox-based probability model to implement in a web-based system, named COSRE (community social risk estimator) and make in-time community exposure risk estimation during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. We define exposure risk to mean the probability of people meeting potential cases in public places such as grocery stores, gyms, libraries, restaurants, coffee shops, offices, etc. Our model has three inputs: the real-time number of active and asymptomatic cases, the population in local communities, and the customer counts in the room. With COSRE, possible impacts of the pandemic can be explored through spatiotemporal analysis, e.g., a variable number of people may be projected into public places through time to assess changes of risk as the pandemic unfolds. The system has potential to advance understanding of the true exposure risks in various communities. It introduces an objective element to plan, prepare and respond during a pandemic. Spatial analysis tools are used to draw county-level exposure risks of the United States from April 1 to July 15, 2020. The correlation experiment with the new cases in the next two weeks shows that the risk estimation model offers promise in assisting people to be more precise about their personal safety and control of daily routine and social interaction. It can inform business and municipal COVID-19 policy to accelerate recovery.     

Brief report: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health behaviors in adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder

BackgroundThere is concern that the COVID-19 pandemic may negatively affect health behaviors in youth, especially youth diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).ObjectiveThe purpose of this paper was to examine changes in physical activity, screen-time, and sleep in adolescents with ASD due to the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsNine adolescents with ASD completed surveys measuring physical activity, screen-time, and sleep duration prior to and during the pandemic.ResultsA significant decrease in days of physical activity (4.17 vs 2.27; p = 0.0006), and a significant increase in hours of both weekday (3.69 vs 6.25; p = 0.007) and weekend screen-time (5.94 vs. 7.39; p = 0.004) was observed during the pandemic. No changes regarding sleep duration was observed.ConclusionsAlthough preliminary, results suggest that physical activity and screen-time may be negatively affected by the COVID-19 outbreak in youth with ASD. The development of interventions to promote health behaviors in ASD populations during long periods of less-structured time (quarantine) should be considered.     

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on eating disorder risk and symptoms

The current COVID-19 pandemic has created a global context likely to increase eating disorder (ED) risk and symptoms, decrease factors that protect against EDs, and exacerbate barriers to care. Three pathways exist by which this pandemic may exacerbate ED risk. One, the disruptions to daily routines and constraints to outdoor activities may increase weight and shape concerns, and negatively impact eating, exercise, and sleeping patterns, which may in turn increase ED risk and symptoms. Relatedly, the pandemic and accompanying social restrictions may deprive individuals of social support and adaptive coping strategies, thereby potentially elevating ED risk and symptoms by removing protective factors. Two, increased exposure to ED-specific or anxiety-provoking media, as well as increased reliance on video conferencing, may increase ED risk and symptoms. Three, fears of contagion may increase ED symptoms specifically related to health concerns, or by the pursuit of restrictive diets focused on increasing immunity. In addition, elevated rates of stress and negative affect due to the pandemic and social isolation may also contribute to increasing risk. Evaluating and assessing these factors are key to better understanding the impact of the pandemic on ED risk and recovery and to inform resource dissemination and targets.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎流行现状及应对策略进展

随着北半球秋冬季节来临,以呼吸道飞沫和密切接触传播为主要途径的新型冠状病毒肺炎（新冠肺炎,2019冠状病毒病）给各国防控带来了新的挑战。本文从新冠病毒变异、全球流行形势、群体免疫问题、无症状感染对我国疫情防控的影响、疫苗的进展和治疗等方面对新冠肺炎流行及应对现状进行综述,以期为新形势下我国疫情防控策略的规划和调整提供借...     

The impact of misinformation on the COVID-19 pandemic

Since the inception of the current pandemic, COVID-19 related misinformation has played a role in defaulting control of the situation. It has become evident that the internet, social media, and other communication outlets with readily available data have contributed to the dissemination and availability of misleading information. It has perpetuated beliefs that led to vaccine avoidance, mask refusal, and utilization of medications with insignificant scientific data, ultimately contributing to increased morbidity. Undoubtedly, misinformation has become a challenge and a burden to individual health, public health, and governments globally. Our review article aims at providing an overview and summary regarding the role of media, other information outlets, and their impact on the pandemic. The goal of this article is to increase awareness of the negative impact of misinformation on the pandemic. In addition, we discuss a few recommendations that could aid in decreasing this burden, as preventing the conception and dissemination of misinformation is essential.     

Factors associated with weight gain during the COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundTo limit transmission of COVID-19, state governments issued shelter-in-place orders. These orders coincided with a decrease in daily step count and an increase in overeating. We evaluated factors associated with weight gain of ≥ 15 pounds during the pandemic within an integrated health care system.MethodsWe included adults ages 18 and above with at least one weight measurement before the pandemic (March 19, 2019–March 19, 2020) and another measurement after COVID-19 vaccines became available, more than 9 months into the pandemic (December 14, 2020–December 14, 2021). Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with weight gain of 15 pounds or more.ResultsOf 524,451 adults included in the study, median age was 61 years, 43.2% were men, 36.2% self identified as White, 8.6% Black, 35.7% Hispanic, and 16.2% Asian. During the pandemic, 38,213 (7.3%) adults gained ≥ 15 pounds. A higher proportion of young adults gained weight (16.2% age 18–39, 7.6% age 40–64, 4.7% age 65–79%, and 3.1% age ≥ 80). No significant difference was observed between men and women (7.2% men and 7.4% women). Weight gain was more prevalent among adults from low-income neighborhoods (8.9% low-income neighborhoods, 8.0% intermediate-income neighborhoods, and 6.5% high-income neighborhoods). Multivariable logistic regression demonstrated that compared to adults ages 65–79 years, young adults ages 18–39 years had the highest risk of gaining ≥ 15 pounds (adjusted OR 5.19, 95% CI 5.01–5.38). Black race was associated with weight gain in an unadjusted analysis (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.21–1.30). However, this association was significantly attenuated after adjusting for other risk factors including neighborhood income levels (adjusted OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02–1.10). Having a diagnosis of depression pre-pandemic was also associated with weight gain during the pandemic (adjusted OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.50–1.58).ConclusionIn this racially and ethnically diverse population in southern California, significant weight gain of 15 pounds or more was observed in 7.3% of the adult population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Young adults, individuals who resided in low-income neighborhoods, and patients with depression were disproportionally affected.     

Multidisciplinary academic perspectives during the COVID-19 pandemic

To date, the outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has infected more than 5 million people and caused around 350 000 deaths globally. In most countries, the world as we knew it came to a sudden stop and this led to the biggest shift of employees to remotely conduct their work. Academic institutions were extensively affected, as teaching and assessment activities were hampered, and graduation ceremonies were cancelled. In addition, there was an imminent disruption in academic and research activities including face-to-face conferences and conventions. Among many challenges, academics had to grapple to remain engaged professionally and socially with students and colleagues. Digital technology being an integral part of life has become essential for connectivity and communication. In this commentary, multidisciplinary academics from Kuwait and Saudi Arabia share perspectives and experiences in adapting to the COVID-19 reality. From healthcare sciences to engineering, and from business to education, this paper highlights the role academics play in combating professional and social challenges during COVID-19.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎患者出院管理的流行病学探讨

目的分析新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)患者出院后的传染风险。方法收集整理分析郴州市40例确诊病例、6例无症状感染者诊断、住院治疗、出院及复查的资料,判定患者出院后是否安全。结果截至2020年5月31日,按照《诊疗方案》(试行第六版)解除隔离和出院标准,40例确诊病例全部治愈出院,确诊后住院天数7~29 d,平均12.50 d,≤14 d 29例,>14 d 11例;6例无症状感染者均治愈出院,确诊后住院天数6~16 d,平均14 d,≤14 d 5例,>14 d 1例;均经过两次以上咽拭子核酸检测阴性。6例确诊病例出院后复检核酸阳性。结论新冠肺炎患者出院后,可能仍有传染风险,建议完善出院标准,加强患者出院后管理,及时规范随访、复诊。