部分性脾栓塞术治疗外伤性脾破裂的疗效和经验

目的　分析经皮穿刺部分性脾栓塞术 (PSE)治疗外伤性脾破裂的止血效果和临床经验。方法　 34例经超声、CT和腹腔穿刺证实为闭合性外伤性脾破裂病人。采用Seldinger技术 ,将 5FCobra 2导管经右侧股动脉插至脾动脉 ,行DSA检查 ,对出血的部位、范围和严重程度等进行评估 ,然后超选择插管至出血动脉 ,经导管注入 2mm× 2mm× 2mm或 2mm× 2mm× 10mm大小的明胶海绵颗粒 (条 ) ,栓塞破损血管。于右下腹麦氏点处 ,经皮穿刺置入 8F“猪尾”多侧孔引流管 ,引流腹腔积血。确认无污染、无溶血者 ,行积血回输。于PSE后 7、14d对全部病例作血常规和脾脏超声检查。并在术后 7(7例 )、14 (7例 )、30 (7例 )、6 0 (7例 )和 90 (6例 )d行脾脏CT扫描。结果　本组病例全部止血成功 ,技术成功率和止血有效率均为 10 0 %。 17例行腹腔积血自体回输 ,平均回输血量 (6 6 0± 190 )ml(4 0 0～ 16 0 0ml)。PSE后 3～ 7d拔除引流管 ,平均住院日 (7± 2 .3)d(4～ 14d)。CT随访显示 :术后 7d脾脏体积增大 ,PSE区密度减低 ,与被栓塞动脉的供血范围一致 ,腹腔积液明显减少或消失。 14d显示梗死区密度进一步减低 ,与周围脾组织境界清楚。 30d脾体积缩小 ,外形不规则 ,呈波浪状。 6 0～90d ,脾外形进一步缩小 ,轮廓呈分叶状 ,脾实质密度     

外伤性脾破裂的介入性治疗

目的：探讨外伤性脾破裂采用介入性治疗的临床疗效。方法：33例Ⅲ级以下外伤性脾破裂患者，采用Seldinger法经脾动脉行明胶海绵颗粒部分性栓塞止血。右下腹麦氏点经皮穿刺放置导管引流腹腔积液。结果：部分性脾栓塞术(PSE)对33例脾破裂患者一次性止血栓塞成功，引流通畅，技术成功率100％，有效率97％。17例行腹腔积血回输，全部病例治愈出院。结论：外伤性脾破裂患者经PSE及腹腔引流术治疗疗效确切，创伤小，并发症少，具有较高的临床应用价值。     

脾动脉近端栓塞术治疗脾破裂(附24例报告)

目的：通过对24例脾破裂病人导管内栓塞的治疗，旨在对脾破裂的血管影像及导管治疗中的一些注意事项做一探讨。方法：在CT扫描的基础上，用Seldinger氏法经股动脉穿刺插管至脾动脉近端，根据脾破裂程度释放1枚或多枚钢圈行脾动脉主干栓塞。结果：24例病人均收到满意效果。结论：经导管内脾动脉栓塞治疗单纯性脾破裂是一种行之有效的方法，栓塞后的脾脏因为有侧枝供血，不至于脾坏死，从而保留了脾脏的正常功能，优于外科脾切除。     

脾动脉栓塞在急诊外伤性脾破裂治疗中的应用价值

目的 评价脾动脉栓塞在急诊外伤性脾破裂治疗中的应用价值.方法 采用Seldinger技术经皮穿刺股动脉,经脾动脉造影,根据脾脏受损程度行脾动脉栓塞治疗急诊外伤性脾破裂101例.结果 术后患者均有左上腹轻度胀痛,左侧胸腔积液56例,腹膜后血肿5例,脾脓肿1例,胰腺炎1例,左下肺膨胀不全1例.96例急诊外伤性脾破裂止血效果...     

选择性脾动脉栓塞的临床意义

目的：研究和分析对脾动脉不同部位的栓塞治疗不同疾病的临床效果和方法,方法：选择23例患者,肝硬化合并肝癌6例,单纯肝硬化门脉高压食道胃底静脉破裂出血13例,脾功能亢进4例,男19例,女4例,对19例患者采取脾动脉主干栓塞,而后4例患者作部分性脾实质栓塞（即对部分脾段动脉进行栓塞）。结果：13例肝硬化门脉高压食道-胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的患者于脾动脉主干栓塞后,出血立即停止,除1例栓塞1月后再次出血,1例历肾功能衰竭于栓塞术后48h死亡外,其余11例一年内未再次出血;6例肝癌行脾动脉主干栓塞后进行了肝癌的灌注栓塞（TACE）治疗,未发生术后上消化道出血;4例脾亢患者行脾段动脉栓塞后,第3天白细胞及血小板有明显升高,除左上腹疼痛及发热较明显外,无其他并发症,所有栓塞治疗比较安全,结论：通过动脉超选择性插管栓塞术,可以治疗脾亢及门脉高压引起的上消化道大出血,且保留了脾脏功能,所有治疗方法操作简单、安全有效,值得推广运用。     

外伤性脾破裂脾动脉栓塞的治疗

外伤性脾破裂脾动脉栓塞既保留了脾脏又阻止了脾脏继续出血,临床效果良好。本文介绍最近几年外伤性脾破裂的基础与临床研究。     

原发性肝癌伴脾亢的介入治疗(附31例报告)

目的　探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞联合部分性脾动脉栓塞 (PSE)治疗原发性肝癌合并脾功能亢进的意义及方法。方法　原发性肝癌合并脾亢 3 1例 ,采用经皮穿刺肝动脉化疗栓塞术 (TACE)和PSE治疗 ,治疗前后测定血细胞数量 ,CT观察肝脏肿瘤及脾脏大小改变。结果　PSE术后 2 4h、1周、4周血白细胞和血小板均较栓塞前明显升高 (Ρ <0 .0 1)。 2 8例脾栓塞面积在 40 %～70 % ,2例 80 % ,1例 <40 %。术后 1月CT复查肝脏肿瘤缩小 2 2例 ,占 70 .97% (2 2 / 3 1)。脾脏有所缩小 ,内可见均一低密度梗死区。结论　肝动脉化疗栓塞及部分性脾动脉栓塞是治疗肝癌合并肝硬化脾功能亢进安全、有效的方法     

介入微创治疗巨脾-脾亢新技术的实验研究

目的 应用在球囊导管阻断脾动脉主干下作脾动脉分支"铸型式"栓塞术,观察健康长白猪脾脏栓塞后影像学、病理学、血象、生化及免疫功能的变化,评估该方法的安全性及效果.方法 对实验组进行了在球囊导管阻断脾动脉主干下经微导管用α-氰基丙烯酸正丁酯(NBCA)作脾动脉铸型栓塞术.对照组,行常规经导管选择性脾动脉栓塞术,栓塞材料为PVA颗粒和明胶海绵碎粒.栓塞后观察两组动物栓塞脾脏影像学、病理学及实验组动物生化、血象、免疫功能的变化.结果 ①实验动物组,在球囊导管阻断脾动脉主干30 min后、脾动脉铸型栓塞术后4周复查脾脏CT平扫显示脾脏体积均较栓塞前明显缩小(P＜0.05);血管造影显示,术后脾动脉主干完全闭塞,未见侧支循环建立.②病理检查:与实验组相比,对照组术后组织淤血性、出血性坏死更明显;栓塞4周后脾脏铸型栓塞处明显萎缩.③实验室检查:实验组栓塞前后血常规、生化、免疫球蛋白无明显变化(P＞0.05).结论 ①在球囊阻断脾动脉主干下,用微型导管和组织胶-碘油乳剂栓塞脾动脉具有血管铸型效果,栓塞后脾脏明显萎缩,栓塞效果确实.②与常规经导管栓塞脾动脉术相比,新栓塞技术术后反应较轻.③铸型栓塞术后可以避免因侧支循环的建立而影响治疗效果.     

超选择性动脉栓塞治疗肝脾损伤出血

目的探讨经导管超选择性动脉栓塞治疗肝脾损伤出血的方法、疗效及安全性。方法本组肝损伤出血7例,脾损伤出血11例,采用股动脉穿刺插管技术,将导管超选择性插管至肝或脾动脉出血分支内,缓慢注射明胶海绵颗粒行栓塞治疗。动脉分支有假性动脉瘤形成者4例,在明胶海绵栓塞治疗后以弹簧圈栓塞出血分支近端。术后密切观察患者生命体征、有无再出血征象及术后反应、并发症发生等情况。结果18例均成功实施超选肝脾动脉分支栓塞治疗,术后患者无再出血发生,病情好转。治疗后患者均无明显不良反应,无严重并发症发生。结论超选择性动脉栓塞治疗肝脾损伤出血是一种安全、易行、有效的治疗方法,可尽量避免外科手术,保留了患者的脏器及功能。     

肝硬化门脉高压脾功能亢进的部分栓塞治疗

目的：对36例肝硬化门脉高压脾机能亢进（简称脾亢）患者采用部分性脾栓塞术（Partialsplenicembolization，PSE）的治疗效果进行分析，找出确定其疗效的观测指标、栓塞范围和PSE的临床应用价值。材料和方法：术前患者周围血细胞计数三系均低，以白细胞、血小板降低为显著。选择性插入脾动脉靶血管后先造影然后用抗生素液浸泡的明胶海绵颗粒进行栓塞。结果：脾动脉插管技术成功率100％。30例外周血白细胞和血小板计数恢复到正常水平，5例部分缓解，1例无明显变化。术后凝血酶原时间（PT）缩短，凝血酶原活动度（PTA）增加，免疫球蛋白含量增加，食道静脉曲张程度有所下降。所有患者术后均出现栓塞后综合征，主要表现为发热和左上腹疼痛。无严重并发症发生。结论：PSE对脾亢患者是一种安全有效的治疗方法。既可减轻脾亢又保留了脾脏的免疫功能。在一定程度上可减轻门脉高压的症状。PSE栓塞范围在30％～80％之间为宜。白血球和血小板尤其是后者数量和功能改变为PSE后疗效可靠的观测指标。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.