我院2010年门诊抗菌药物处方解析

目的了解我院门诊抗菌药物不合理使用情况,并指导临床合理使用抗菌药物.方法 从2010年1月~12月门诊处方中随机抽查应用抗菌药物的处方.根据<抗菌药物临床应用指导原则>,分析抗菌药物的不合理使用情况.结果 抽查抗菌药物处方1586张,占所查处方总数的34.8%,其中不合理处方241张,占抗菌药物处方的15.2%.结论 门诊抗菌药物管理还要进一步加强,定期抽查门诊处方对合理使用抗菌药物,保障患者安全有重要意义.     

我院2010年第二季度门诊处方不合理用药统计分析

目的通过调查门诊处方不合理用药情况,提高门诊合理用药水平。方法随机抽查本院2010年4～6月门诊西药处方3000张,根据卫生部《处方管理办法》、《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》和有关合理用药的规定,对处方进行统计和分析。结果不合理用药处方121张,占抽查处方总数的4.03%;不合理用药发生频率较高是药物用法用量不合理。结论加强药效学、药动学、药物相互作用的学习,健全用药制度,才能更加安全、有效、合理、经济的使用药物。     

门诊氟喹诺酮类药物不合理用药分析

目的：了解我院门诊氟喹诺酮类药物不合理使用情况,并指导临床合理使用抗菌药物。方法：抽取我院2007年1～12月含氟诺酮类药物的门诊处方1556张,分析处方中氟喹诺酮类药物的使用情况。结果：我院氟喹诺酮类药物应用广泛,其中以左氧氟沙星使用率最高。不合理用药处方346张,占抽查处方22．2％。结论：氟喹诺酮类药物的应用要符合抗菌药物临床应用指导原则,须进一步加强管理,保障患者安全。     

我院2009～2010年度门诊抗菌药物使用情况调查分析

目的：了解门诊抗菌药物使用情况,为临床合理应用抗菌药物提供依据。方法：抽查门诊处方90067张,统计抗菌药物使用情况,并评价其合理性。结果：抗菌药物使用率为33.5%,以单种药物治疗为主91.1%,用药途径以静注为主。结论：抗菌药物应用基本合理,但使用中存在一些问题,应引起重视。     

基层医院门急诊抗菌药不合理应用分析

随着抗菌药物种类的增多和临床的广泛使用,不合理应用及滥用导致的耐药等不良反应日趋严重。为此,我们抽查了2008年门诊急诊处方2180张,对抗菌药物使用情况分析,结果如下。     

我院2009年门诊使用抗菌药统计结果分析

目的：指导门诊医生合理应用抗菌药物,为抗菌药物的应用提出合理建议,使医生应用抗菌药物时更加严格掌握适应证,采用正确的用药方法和合理的剂量,有效控制抗菌药物滥用现象.方法：随机抽取2009-01～12门诊处方3602张,时18岁以上病人使用抗菌药物进行统计、分析.结果：3602张门诊处方中有1478张使用了抗菌药物,占41.03%;使用抗菌药物7类18个品种,以喹诺酮类和头孢菌素类为主.结论：我院门诊合理使用抗菌药物是主流,但在药物的使用方法、剂量、配伍等方面存在不合理现象,抗菌药物给药方案有待改进.     

我院门诊抗菌药物使用调查分析

我院于2001年开展以合理用药为核心的临床药学工作,通过分析处方、抽查病历、定点专科查房、开展ADR监测等一系列措施,提高了医院药品供应、管理和使用的合理性,药品收入占总收入逐年下降,处方的合格率上升,抗菌药物的不合理联用问题基本得到解决。为了解本院门诊抗菌药物的使用情况,本文对2005年1月至7月门诊西药房处方进行随机抽查分析,以验证临床药学工作对指导临床合理用药,提高药水平所发挥的作用。1资料与方法1.1处方的分布随机抽取本院2005年1月到7月的西药房处方共15980张,其中消化内科1536张,神经内科1077张,心内科1371张,外科19…     

兵团六师医院2015年门诊处方点评及结果分析

目的:对门诊处方进行点评,规范处方书写,促进临床合理用药.方法:采用回顾性分析,按月份等间距抽取2015年1-12月每月第2个自然周的门诊处方,进行处方点评,统计基本用药的相关指标,对不合理处方进行分析.结果:全年共抽查处方181416张,人均用药2.27种,其中7.41％的患者使用了注射剂,8.77％使用了抗菌药物,通用名的使用率为100.00％,基本药物使用百分率66.34％,不合理用药处方占4.11％,人均每次药费为104.56元.我院门诊处方书写及用药基本合理,合理处方173957张,不合理处方7459张,处方合格率为95.89％.结论:用药情况基本合理,仍需要加强对处方规范性的重视,充分利用医院信息系统,建立健全处方点评制度,提高药师专业水平,加强医师与药师之间的沟通,加强临床医生对药品相关知识的学习,以保障患者用药安全.     

门诊抗菌药物用药调查分析

目的分析门诊抗菌药物的使用情况,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法随机抽取门诊3460张处方,对其中含有抗茵药物的处方进行统计分析,了解各类抗茵药物的使用频率,联合用药及不合理用药等。结果在抽取的3460张门诊处方中,含抗茵药物处方共计612张,占处方总量的17．69％。其中,头孢菌素类处方177张,居首位,占抗菌药物处方的28．92％;联用情况基本合理,单联用药处方492张,占抗茵药物处方的80．39％．符合联合用药的相关规定。不合理用药以用药方案不合理居首位．共45张处方,占抗菌药物处方的7．35％;其次是无指征用药、重复用药、联合用药不合理。结论门诊抗菌药物的用药情况基本合理,但仍存在一些不合理用药的现象,必须加强管理．以提高临床用药的安全性和有效性。     

我院2011年处方不合理应用分析

目的：了解我院处方不合理用药情况,提高合理用药水平。方法：随机抽查2011-01～06门急诊处方、住院处方43217张,对处方中不合理用药进行统计、分析。结果：不合理用药处方1908张,门诊注射剂应用处方4840张,使用率11.2%,应用门诊抗生素处方12662张,使用用率为29.3%。结论：我院门诊及住院处方中存在用药不合理现象,临床医师的合理用药水平有待进一步提高。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.