One-year Readmission Rates at a High Volume Bariatric Surgery Center: Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding, Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass, and Vertical Banded Gastroplasty-Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

BACKGROUND: An increasing importance has been placed on a bariatric program's readmission rates. Despite the importance of such data, there have been few studies that document 1-year readmission rates. There have been even fewer studies that delineate the causes of readmission. The objective of this study is to delineate the rates and causes of readmissions within 1 year of bariatric operations performed in a high-volume center. METHODS: Records for all patients undergoing bariatric operations during a 31-month period were harvested from the hospital electronic medical database. Readmissions for these patients were then identified within the hospital database for the year following the index operation. The electronic medical records of all readmitted patients were reviewed. RESULTS: The overall 1-year readmission rate for 1,939 consecutive bariatric operations was 18.8%. The laparoscopic adjustable gastric band (LAGB) had the lowest readmission rate of 12.69%. Next was the vertical banded gastroplasty-Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (VBG-RYGB) with a rate of 15.4%. The laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) had the highest readmission rate of 24.2%. Leading causes of readmission were abdominal pain with normal radiographic studies and elective operations. Independent factors predicting readmission were found to be LOS > 3 days (odds ratio 1.69 p = 0.004) and having a LRYGB (odds ratio of 1.49 p = 0.003). The previously reported reoperation rate for bowel obstruction of 9.7% had decreased to 3.7% due to changes in operative technique. CONCLUSION: Rates of readmissions for patients undergoing bariatric surgery center at our high-volume center decreased over time and are comparable to other major abdominal operations.     

Markers of Bone and Calcium Metabolism Following Gastric Bypass and Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding

BACKGROUND: Several studies have suggested that morbid obesity is associated with vitamin D deficiency and elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH). Studies have also suggested that there is an increase in vitamin D deficiency, bone resorption, and elevated PTH after gastric bypass surgery. Few studies have evaluated markers of bone and calcium metabolism after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding or compared these results to those after gastric bypass. METHODS: Data on all patients undergoing primary gastric bypass (GBP; n = 979) and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB; n = 269) procedures at a tertiary-referral center from June 1996 through March 2005 were reviewed from a prospective database. Only patients with 25OH vitamin D levels available were included in this study (n = 534; GBP = 403, LAGB = 131). All patients were advised to take at least 1,200 mg calcium and 800-1,200 IU of vitamin D daily before and subsequent to their operation. Markers for bone metabolism [25OH Vitamin D, corrected serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase (AP), and PTH] were evaluated preoperatively and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. An analysis of variance and chi-square were performed to determine differences between the operative groups. Linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between preoperative body mass index (BMI) and 25OH vitamin D and PTH levels and between percent excess weight loss and 25OH vitamin D and PTH after surgery. RESULTS: Sixty-four percent of all patients presented with vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/ml) and 14% presented with elevated PTH preoperatively. Mean 25OH vitamin D levels and AP levels increased significantly after GBP surgery (vitamin D, 17 to 25 ng/ml 12 months post-op; AP, 80 to 90 IU/L 24 months post-op). Corrected calcium levels remained within normal limits and showed no change over time after both procedures. AP levels significantly increased from 76 IU/l preoperatively to 82 IU/l 6 months after LAGB surgery and then decreased to 59 IU/l 24 months after LAGB surgery. Linear regression analysis of preoperative vitamin D, PTH, and BMI values showed a significant positive relationship between initial BMI and PTH (r = 0.29) and a significant negative relationship between vitamin D and initial BMI (r = -0.19). A significant positive linear relationship between vitamin D and percent excess weight loss was evident 12 and 24 months after GBP surgery (r = 0.39 and 0.57, respectively). A negative relationship was evident between PTH and vitamin D 6 months after GBP surgery (r = -0.35) and 12 months after LAGB surgery (r = -0.61). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that morbid obesity is associated with vitamin D deficiency, and elevated PTH and with adequate supplementation, GBP, and particularly LAGB, patients can improve their bone metabolism abnormalities related to obesity. Furthermore, adequate supplementation for GBP patients may attenuate the increased risk for bone loss associated with malabsorption from the bypass.     

Roux-en-Y胃转流术对2型糖尿病大鼠血清vaspin表达的影响

目的研究Roux-en-Y胃转流术(RYGB)对2型糖尿病(T2DM)大鼠的治疗作用,并探讨内脏脂肪组织产生的丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(vaspin)在RYGB治疗T2DM机制中的可能作用。方法取造模成功的T2DM大鼠20只和周龄、性别相匹配的正常SD大鼠20只,用随机数字表法将其随机分为T2DM-RYGB组、T2DM-假手术组及RYGB组、假手术组,每组10只。分别于术前及术后第4和8周检测各组大鼠的空腹血糖(FPG)、血清胰岛素(INS)、血清vaspin水平及胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),并分析血清vaspin水平与FPG、INS及HOMA-IR的相关性。结果手术前,T2DM-RYGB组与T2DM-假手术组比较以及RYGB组与假手术组比较,FPG水平、INS水平、vaspin水平及HOMA-IR差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);而T2DM-RYGB组及T2DM-假手术组的FPG水平、INS水平、vaspin水平及HOMA-IR均分别明显高于RYGB组(P<0.05)及假手术组(P<0.05)。术后第4周,T2DM-RYGB组FPG水平、INS水平、vaspin水平及HOMA-IR较术前下降,除FPG水平(P<0.05)外,其余指标与术前比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后第8周,FPG水平、INS水平、vaspin水平及HOMA-IR进一步下降,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。T2DM-假手术组、RYGB组及假手术组组内术前及术后第4周、第8周FPG水平、INS水平、vaspin水平及HOMA-IR比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。手术前及手术后第4周、第8周T2DM-RYGB组与T2DM-假手术组血清vaspin水平与其对应血清INS水平、HOMA-IR均呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论 RYGB对T2DM大鼠具有一定的治疗作用,RYGB后vaspin表达水平降低,胰岛素敏感性改善,这可能是RYGB治疗T2DM的机制之一。     

Roux-en-Y胃旁路术治疗2型糖尿病的研究进展

目的了解Roux-en-Y胃旁路术治疗2型糖尿病的概况,并总结其治疗2型糖尿病的效果及存在的问题。方法检索有关Roux-en-Y胃旁路术治疗2型糖尿病的文献并进行综述。结果Roux-en-Y胃旁路术对肥胖型2型糖尿病的治疗作用初步得到证实,但其治疗2型糖尿病的机制尚不明确,Roux袢及胆胰袢旷置长度没有统一的标准,术后远期效果不明确,其是否适用于非肥胖型2型糖尿病有待进一步研究。结论Roux-en-Y胃旁路术治疗2型糖尿病的机制复杂,相信随着基础与临床研究的进展、手术技术的改进、手术机制的阐明、远期效果的肯定,将有更多的2型糖尿病患者受益。     

Emergency Sleeve Gastrectomy as Rescue Treatment for Acute Gastric Necrosis Due to Type II Paraesophageal Hernia in an Obese Woman with Gastric Banding

A morbidly obese 42-year-old woman presented with a 1-week history of left chest pain. She had undergone laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding 16 months earlier with a body mass index (BMI) of 49.2 kg/m². Diagnostic workup revealed a large left pleural empyema and ruled out band slippage. At left thoracotomy, a misdiagnosed type II paraesophageal strangulated hernia with gastric necrosis and large perforation of the fundus was evident. At laparotomy, the band was removed, the stomach was reduced into the abdomen, and a sleeve gastrectomy was performed. Her postoperative course was uneventful, and 6 months after surgery, her BMI is 31 kg/m². Emergency sleeve gastrectomy could represent a good option to treat, at the same time and in a safe way, both gastric necrosis and paraesophageal hernia, improving the good results in terms of weight loss after gastric restriction from gastric banding.