Clinical characteristics and short to mid term functional outcomes of surgically treated occult hip fractures in the elderly

BackgroundOccult hip fractures in the elderly are challenging to diagnose and often result in surgical delays which may worsen outcomes. However, the minimally displaced nature of these fractures may conversely lead to better outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine if surgically treated occult hip fractures have better short to mid term functional outcomes when compared to non-occult fractures. The secondary aim was to determine if there are any differences in clinical characteristics of patients who present with occult hip fractures.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of all elderly patients aged 65 years and above who presented with hip fractures in a single institution from January 2012 to December 2013. Elderly patients who presented with hip fractures were enrolled into an Ortho-geriatric carepath and were eligible for recruitment. The exclusion criteria included patients with pathological fractures and multiple injuries. Demographic and pre-injury variables were collected. The functional outcome measurement was the Modified Barthel’s Index (MBI). Patients were divided into non-occult hip fractures (Group 1) and occult hip fractures (Group 2).ResultsA total of 1017 patients were admitted during this period into the hip fracture carepath, of which 49 (4.8%) were diagnosed to have occult hip fractures. There was no significant difference between the demographics, Charlson co-morbidity index, abbreviated mental test scores or pre-morbid patient dependence between the groups. There was a significant delay to surgery for occult hip fractures when compared to non-occult fractures. (p = 0.03) Subgroup analysis showed that pre-morbidly, patients with occult inter-trochanteric fractures were significantly more independent than patients with non-occult inter-trochanteric fractures. (p = 0.03) There was no significant difference between the length of stay, surgical complications and 1-year mortality between the 2 groups. Occult inter-trochanteric fractures had better MBI scores at all time points when compared to non-occult inter-trochanteric fractures.ConclusionsDespite the significant delay to surgical intervention for patients with occult hip fractures, the short to mid term functional outcomes for this group of patients are comparable to surgically treated non-occult hip fractures. There are no distinctive clinical characteristics of elderly patients who are more likely to suffer occult hip fractures.     

Policy encouraging earlier hip fracture surgery can decrease the long-term mortality of elderly patients

Background

In April 2004 the Israeli Ministry of Health decided to condition DRG payment for hip surgery by time between hospitalisation and operation, giving a fine for every day's delay beyond 48 h. An evaluation study performed 2 years after the reform has shown the positive influence of the reform on patient's survival in the hospital. This study evaluates the impact of the reform on the longer-term mortality of patients.

Methods

A retrospective study based on data from nine hospitals of the national trauma registry available for the years 2001–2007, with surveillance on 2-year survival through data of Ministry of the Interior. The study population includes patients aged 65 and above with an isolated hip fracture following trauma. Mortality curves and Cox regression were utilised to compare the influence of different parameters on long-term mortality.

Results

Earlier surgery had a significant positive impact on survival through the whole length of the study period. In the period after the introduction of the new reimbursement system for hip fracture surgeries, a significant decrease in the longer-term mortality was observed up to 6 months of follow-up, even when adjusted by patients’ age, gender and the receiving hospital. After 6 months there was no further decrease in relative risk, though the survival advantage remained with patients hospitalised after the reform.

Conclusions

The reform appears successful in decreasing the longer-term patient mortality after hip fracture through influencing surgical practice.     

哈尔滨地区老年髋部骨折患者发病特点及临床特征

目的 探讨哈尔滨50岁以上老年髋部骨折的发病特点及临床特征,为老年髋部骨折的预防提供理论依据.方法 回顾性收集2008年1月至2019年12月因髋部骨折住院的1616例患者病历资料,并统计患者基本情况.结果 12年间老年髋部骨折病例呈逐年上升的趋势,髋部骨折总体男女比为1:1.45.患者平均年龄(70.3±11.4)岁...     

老年髋部骨折患者术后对侧髋部骨折发生因素的Meta分析

目的通过Meta分析评价影响老年髋部骨折患者术后对侧髋部骨折的相关因素。方法检索Pubmed、Cochrane、中国生物医学文献数据库、CNKI中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据库自2005年1月至2018年4月国内外正式刊物上公开发表的有关老年髋部骨折术后对侧髋部骨折相关因素的文献,严格评价质量及提取相关资料,获取患者的性别、年龄(>65岁)、吸烟、初次髋部骨折类型、骨质疏松症(Singh指数≥4为骨质疏松)、伴有原发性高血压、伴有帕金森病、伴有脑卒中、伴有老年痴呆症、伴有白内障、伴有类风湿关节炎、伴有糖尿病、初次骨折内固定种类、患者治疗配合的依从性。运用RevMan5.0软件进行统计分析,评估各项指标的优势比(OR)和95%可信区间(CI)。结果共纳入17项研究13717例老年髋部骨折患者,发生对侧髋部骨折1504例。影响老年髋部骨折术后对侧髋部骨折的相关因素有患者年龄(OR=-3.55,95%CI:-5.60^-1.50,P<0.001)、骨质疏松症(OR=2.38,95%CI:1.36~4.17,P=0.002)、伴有帕金森病(OR=4.54,95%CI:2.74~7.53,P<0.001)、脑卒中(OR=0.33,95%CI:0.18~0.59,P<0.001)、老年痴呆症(OR=0.43,95%CI:0.29~0.62,P<0.001)、白内障(OR=0.37,95%CI:0.22~0.63,P<0.001)、类风湿关节炎(OR=0.32,95%CI:0.21~0.50,P<0.001)、糖尿病(OR=0.65,95%CI:0.47~0.91,P=0.01)、初次骨折内固定种类(OR=0.51,95%CI:0.30~0.85,P=0.01)、治疗配合依从性(OR=0.36,95%CI:0.21~0.64,P<0.001),而与性别(OR=1.07,95%CI:0.45~2.56,P=0.88)、吸烟(OR=0.86,95%CI:0.40~1.86,P=0.70)、初次髋部骨折类型(OR=0.97,95%CI:0.60~1.57,P=0.90)、伴有原发性高血压(OR=0.70,95%CI:0.41~1.21,P=0.20)无关。结论影响老年髋部骨折患者术后对侧髋部骨折的相关因素有年龄偏大、伴有骨质疏松症、帕金森病、脑卒中、老年痴呆症、白内障、类风湿关节炎、糖尿病、初次骨折内固定种类、治疗配合依从性差。而患者性别、吸烟、骨折类型、伴有原发性高血压目前尚无足够的证据与对侧髋部骨折有关。     

Comparison of the prognosis among different age groups in elderly patients with hip fracture

Background:

The outcome of treatment of hip fractures in different age groups in the elderly population is largely unknown. Hence, we stratified elderly patients with hip fracture into age groups and compared the prognosis in various age groups.

Materials and Methods:

Among 459 patients with hip fracture treated at our hospital from 1997, 430 patients aged 65 years or above at the time of injury were studied. The patients comprised 98 males and 332 females and the ages at injury ranged from 65 to 103 years (mean 83.4 years). There were 167 cases of femoral neck fracture and 263 cases of trochanteric fractures. Surgery was performed in 383 cases, while 47 cases were treated conservatively. The subjects were classified by age into young-old for those aged 65-74 years (group A, n = 55), middle-old for those aged 75-84 years (group B, n = 172), old-old for those aged 85-94 (group C, n = 180), and oldest-old for those aged 95 years or above (group D, n = 23). The functional and survival prognosis at discharge in each group was investigated.

Results:

Numbers of patients who were ambulatory at discharge among those ambulatory before injury were 43 of 49 (87.8%) in group A, 113 of 152 (74.3%) in group B, 86 of 138 (62.3%) in group C, and 5 of 14 (35.7%) in group D, showing worse recovery of walking ability as age advanced. Among those ambulatory before injury, 42 patients in group A, 139 patients in group B, 130 patients in group C, and 12 patients in group D underwent surgery and of these patients, 38 patients (90.5%) in group A, 109 patients (78.4%) in group B, 83 patients (63.8%) in group C, and 5 patients (41.7%) in group D were ambulatory at discharge. On the other hand, the numbers of patients who were ambulatory at discharge among those receiving conservative treatment were 5 of 7 (71.4%) in group A, 4 of 13 (30.8%) in group B, 3 of 8 (37.5%) in group C, and 0 of 2 (0%) in group D, showing better walking ability in surgical patients than in conservatively treated patients even in the elderly. There were two in-hospital deaths in group B, 11 in group C, and two in group D. Five of the 15 deaths were inoperable cases due to poor performance status at admission.

Conclusion:

Walking ability at discharge and survival prognosis worsened as age advanced. On the other hand, since surgical cases achieved better walking ability than conservatively treated cases, efforts should be made to achieve better functional prognosis even in the old-olds, including surgery together with early ambulation and rehabilitation.     

Delay to surgery and mortality after hip fracture

BACKGROUND: Hip fractures in elderly patients are associated with increased mortality. These patients frequently experience a delay to surgery for both medical and non-medical reasons. The effect of this delay on patient morbidity and mortality is controversial. METHODS: We conducted an observational study of 222 consecutive patients greater than 50 years of age who underwent surgical management of a hip fracture at one tertiary hospital. Baseline measures recorded were age, sex, time to theatre, American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) scores, type of surgery, number of theatre cancellations and the reason for any cancellation. Our primary outcome was 30-day mortality after surgery. RESULTS: The 30-day mortality after hip fracture was 7.2%. Patients who were operated on within 2 days of admission had a 30-day postoperative mortality rate of 5.8% versus 9.4% in those patients who experience a delay of more than 2 calendar days. This was not a statistically significant difference, and the effect of surgical delay was less on multivariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, the only statistically significant predictors of 30-day mortality were an increasing ASA score and having a fracture treated with an arthroplasty procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Our study did not show a significant increase in mortality in patients whose surgery was delayed by more than 2 days. However, in the context of other published work, we would continue to recommend early surgery to minimize length of stay and complications.     

Factors associated with mortality following hip fracture in Japan

Various factors have been reported to increase the risk of death following hip fracture. However, our review of the literature indicates that previous studies were generally performed based on a rough classification of comorbidities. In this study, comorbidities were classified in detail, and the risk of death following hip fracture was investigated. Four hundred and eighty patients with hip fracture were enrolled. The patients' comorbidities and walking ability before injury were investigated using their own or their family's reports or their medical history, and the residences where the subjects were taken after discharge were recorded. Subsequently, the patients or their family were interviewed about whether they were alive or dead on January 1, 2002, by mail or telephone. A survival curve was drawn based on the Kaplan–Meier method. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to determine the risk factors for death. An expected mortality rate for the Japanese population from 1991 to 2002 was obtained from a life table published by the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare and compared to our observed mortality. The 1-year survival rate following hip fracture was 88.5%, which was a little lower than the expected survival rate. In subsequent years, the survival rate was lower than the expected survival rate. Being male and/or having a trochanteric fracture were risk factors for death. Patients who walked with a walker or other support or were nonambulatory before injury had an increased risk of death. Among the comorbidities, dementia, diabetes mellitus, and a history of gastrectomy or colonectomy were risk factors for death. Among the complications, pneumonia during hospitalization was a risk factor for death.     

A prospective study of the effect of nursing home residency on mortality following hip fracture

Background: The strength of nursing home residence as a prognostic indicator of outcome following hip fracture has not previously been examined in Australia. The aim of the study was to examine the influence of nursing home residency on mortality after sustaining an acute hip fracture. Methods: A prospective study of all adults aged 65 years and over presenting to a single tertiary referral hospital for management of a proximal femoral fracture between July 2003 and September 2006. Residential status was obtained at admission. Patients were followed up to September 2007 (minimum 12 months). Relative risk values for mortality were calculated comparing nursing home residents with non‐nursing home residents. Survival analysis was performed. Results: Relative risk of death was higher in nursing home patients compared with non‐nursing home patients. The difference was greater in the immediate period (30 days) post‐injury (relative risk 1.9, 95% confidence interval 1.0–3.6, P= 0.04) than after 12 months (relative risk 1.5, 95% confidence interval 1.2–1.8, P= 0.001). Survival analysis showed that 25% of patients in the nursing home group died by 96 days post‐injury, compared with 435 days in the non‐nursing home group. Conclusions: Nursing home residence confers an increased risk of death following hip fracture; this difference is greater in the immediate post‐injury period. The relative risk of death decreases over time to equal previously reported comparative mortality rates between nursing home residents and community dwellers without hip fracture.     

Risk factors for contra-lateral hip fracture in elderly patients with previous hip fracture

Introduction

Contra-lateral hip fractures in elderly patients with a previous hip fracture increase the incidence of complications and socioeconomic burden. The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors that contribute to the occurrence of contra-lateral hip fracture in elderly patients.

Materials and methods

Among 1093 patients treated for a hip fracture, 47 patients sustained a contra-lateral hip fracture. These patients were compared with 141 patients with a unilateral hip fracture (controls).

Results

The incidence of contra-lateral hip fracture was 4.3% among the 1093 patients treated for a hip fracture at our institute. A contra-lateral hip fracture occurred within 2 years of initial fracture in 66%, and subsequently, the annual incidence rate decreased. A similar fracture pattern was noted in 70% of patients who sustained an intertrochanteric fracture. In terms of preoperative factors, respiratory disease (OR 2.57, P = 0.032) and visual impairment (OR 2.51, P = 0.012) were higher in patients with a contra-lateral hip fracture than in controls, and for postoperative factors, the proportions of patients with postoperative delirium (OR 2.91, P = 0.022), late onset of rehabilitation (OR 1.05, P = 0.023), and poor ambulatory status at 3 months (OR 1.34, P = 0.002) were also significantly higher in patients than in controls.

Conclusions

Postoperative delirium and underlying visual impairment and respiratory disease could be risk factors of contra-lateral fracture in elderly patients. Early and active rehabilitation after surgery is important to prevent the occurrence of contra-lateral hip fracture in the elderly.     

Subclinical thyroid dysfunction does not affect one-year mortality in elderly patients after hip fracture: A prospective longitudinal study

Mortality after hip fractures in the elderly is one of the most important patient outcome measures. Subclinical thyroid dysfunction is common in the elderly population. This is a prospective study of 131 elderly patients with a mean (SD) age of 82.0 (8.9) years (range: 61-94) admitted consecutively to our trauma unit. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of subclinical thyroid dysfunction in an elderly cohort of patients with hip fracture and to determine if this affects the one-year mortality.There were three times more women (n = 100) than men (n = 31) in this cohort. All patients underwent surgical treatment for the hip fracture. The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (TSH > 5.5 mU/L) was 15% (n = 20) and of subclinical hyperthyroidism (TSH < 0.35 mU/L) was 3% (n = 4). Overall 18% (n = 24) of patients had a subclinical thyroid dysfunction. The twelve-month mortality was 27% (n = 36).Age, gender, heart rate at admission, pre-existing coronary heart disease, ASA grade and presence of overt or subclinical thyroid dysfunction were analysed for association with twelve-month mortality using a forward stepwise logistic regression analysis. Only ASA grade was found to significantly affect mortality at twelve months (χ² = 3.98, df = 1, p = 0.046). Independently the presence of subclinical hypo- or hyperthyroidism was not associated with a higher mortality (p = 0.477). We conclude that subclinical thyroid dysfunction does not affect the one-year mortality in elderly patients treated surgically for hip fracture.     

老年人髋部骨折的手术治疗策略探讨

目的探讨老年人髋部骨折手术治疗策略、临床应用方法及疗效。方法手术治疗248例老年髋部骨折患者,其中人工髋关节置换治疗114例,内固定治疗134例,按照末次随访患肢髋关节Harris评分及X线片评估疗效。结果 226例获得随访,时间5-76（36.8±14.6）个月。术中无死亡。关节置换者术后有4例脱位,经手法复位皮牵引固定未再脱位;1例术后4年髋臼松动重新置换。内固定治疗者骨折均愈合,无内置物松动、断裂、骨不连发生,并发髋内翻28例,其中螺钉切破股骨头4例,取出内固定行关节置换术后功能恢复。末次随访时226例患肢髋关节Harris评分为72-96（87.7±7.9）分,其中优111例,良84例,可22例,差9例,优良率为86.3%。结论老年髋部骨折患者积极正确的手术治疗可促进早期活动,减少并发症和病死率,提高生活质量。     

The timing of surgery and mortality in elderly hip fractures: A retrospective,multicenteric cohort study

Background:

Early surgery is recommended for elderly hip fracture patients, but some studies show no clear advantage. The benefits of early surgery may differ according to the medical environment in different countries. The purpose of this study was to identify the potential benefits of early surgery in elderly hip fracture patients by evaluating the effect of timing of surgery on mortality.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective study was conducted at multiple centers on hip fracture patients aged over 65 years. The primary outcome was 1 year mortality and the secondary outcomes were 30-day/6-month mortality and complications during admission. The effect of time to surgery on mortality was analyzed using a Cox proportional-hazards model.

Results:

Among the 874 patients, 162 (18.5%) received surgery within 3 days and their 1-year mortality rate was 9.9%. However, the 1-year mortality rate for the delayed surgery group was 12.5%. After adjustment for potential confounders, the 1-year mortality rates in patients who received surgery in 3-7 days (Hazard ratio = 1.0; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.7-1.6) and over 7 days (hazard ratio = 1.3; 95% CI: 0.9-1.8) were not significantly different. In addition, the time to surgery did not have a significant effect on 30-day mortality, 60-day mortality or complications arising during hospitalization.

Conclusions:

The time to surgery did not affect short and long term mortality or the in hospital complication rate in elderly hip fracture patients. We recommend concentrating more on optimizing the condition of patients early with sufficient medical treatment rather than being bound by absolute timing of surgery.     

Primary hyperparathyroidism in elderly patients with hip fracture

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is associated with low bone mineral density (BMD), but its association with fractures is controversial. Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence of PHPT in hip fracture patients. We studied 444 of 450 consecutive elderly patients (404 women and 40 men) admitted to a rehabilitation hospital after hip fracture. All the fractures were either spontaneous or sustained as a result of minimal trauma. The diagnosis of PHPT was established when both serum calcium adjusted for serum albumin exceeded the normal range and PTH was either elevated or high normal. Also, 444 sex-matched subjects, aged 65 years and older, who were referred for their first osteodensitometry, were studied as controls. Among the hip fracture patients, 21/444 (i.e., 4.7%) fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of PHPT. Logistic multiple regression showed no meaningful associations between PHPT and sex, age, weight, height, fracture type (cervical or trochanteric), and femoral BMD in the hip fracture patients. Among the 444 controls, 5 patients (i.e., 1.13%) fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of PHPT. When evaluated by Pearsons chi-square, the difference in PHPT prevalence between the hip fracture patients and the controls was significant (P < 0.01). Data show that the prevalence of PHPT in a sample of elderly patients after hip fracture was increased when compared to that found in a sample of control subjects, suggesting that PHPT enhances hip fracture risk.     

老年患者髋部骨折术后1年病死率及危险因素分析:一项回顾性队列研究

目的 调查老年髋部骨折患者术后1年病死率,并分析其危险因素. 方法 研究为回顾性队列研究,收集2011年～2014年因髋部骨折行手术治疗的老年(年龄≥65岁)患者信息,随访术后1年存活情况,采用Logistic回归分析筛选术后死亡的危险因素. 结果 共295名老年髋部骨折患者纳入本研究,平均年龄(78.4±6.7)岁,女性占71.5％,术前有3种以上合并症的占38％,平均随访(31.2±0.7)个月.住院期间、术后30 d、术后1年以及随访结束时病死率分别为0.7％、1.7％、3.7％和5.8％. 结论 高龄、术前合并呼吸系统疾病、既往有脑卒中病史及采用内固定手术是老年髋部骨折患者术后1年死亡的危险因素.     

护理流程再造在老年髋部骨折救治绿色通道中的实施及效果评价

目的 评价护理流程再造在老年髋部骨折救治绿色通道建设中的应用效果。方法 回顾性分析2016年1月至2017年6月我院创伤中心收治的60岁以上髋部骨折（排除病理性骨折、双侧骨折及多发伤）并获得12个月随访的128例病人的临床资料,男52例,女76例。按护理流程分为再造后护理流程组（观察组）和常规护理流程组（对照组）,各64例。记录两组病人的手术等待时间、术后首次下床活动时间和住院时间,观察两组病人出院时及术后6、12个月Harris髋关节功能评分,并进行组间统计学分析。结果 观察组手术等待时间（中位数44.3 h）明显短于对照组（中位数137.6 h）,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.001）;观察组术后首次下床活动时间为（2.24±0.48） d,对照组为（3.51±0.31） d,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.001）;观察组住院时间为（12.78±1.51） d,对照组为（15.25±1.31） d,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.001）;术后6、12个月,观察组Harris髋关节功能评分均明显优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.001）。结论 在老年髋部骨折救治绿色通道建设中优化护理流程能减少病人手术等待时间和缩短住院时间,有利于病人早期下床进行功能锻炼及髋关节功能的恢复,再造后护理流程具有临床推广的意义。     

动力髋螺钉与人工关节置换治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折疗效比较

目的 探讨动力髋螺钉(DHS)内固定与人工关节置换术治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折的方法及治疗效果.方法 66例高龄不稳定股骨转子间骨折患者随机分为2组,DHS内固定治疗35例,人工股骨头置换治疗31例.比较2组术后并发症及髋关节功能.结果 60例获随访,时间8个月～6年,随访期内死亡5例.并发症:关节组发生3例,DHS组发生12例,差异有显著性(P＜0.05) .患髋功能评定采用Harris评分法: 关节组72～95(84.5±5.4) 分,DHS组68～91(82.1±6.8)分,差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论 对于年龄≥80岁、骨质疏松及不稳定股骨转子间骨折患者,采用人工股骨头置换治疗是可行的,远期效果仍需继续观察.     

老年人外伤性脊柱骨折的临床特点

目的:分析老年人外伤性脊柱骨折的临床特点,提高老年人外伤性脊柱骨折的预防及救治水平。方法:2002年1月～2011年12月我院收治老年人外伤性脊柱骨折患者271例,其中男129例,女142例,年龄60～89岁,平均68.8岁,分析其年龄与性别分布情况、骨折原因、骨折节段、创伤严重度评分(injury severity scores,ISS)、脊髓损伤程度ASIA分级、多发性脊柱骨折及合并伤发生率。结果 :年龄分布主要集中在60～69岁,占60.1%(163/271)。摔伤是主要致伤原因,占44.6%(121/271)。男性高处坠落伤及重物砸伤比例较女性患者高,女性患者摔伤比例较男性高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。426个损伤节段中胸椎及腰椎占80.8%(344/426),其中胸腰段(T11～L2)占53.3%(227/426)。男性患者较女性患者有较高的颈椎骨折比例、脊髓损伤发生率、合并症发生率和创伤严重度评分(ISS),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。女性患者较男性患者有较高的胸椎及胸腰段椎体骨折比例,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男性患者多发性脊柱骨折最常见原因为高处坠落伤,女性患者为摔伤。脊髓损伤按ASIA分级,A级、B级、C级、D级分别占7.0%(19/271)、1.8%(5/271)、4.8%(13/271)和18.1%(49/271)。男性患者脊髓损伤分级A级占13.2%(17/129),女性患者为0.8%(2/237),两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:老年人外伤性脊柱骨折的致伤原因、多发性脊柱骨折原因、骨折节段、脊髓损伤分级等方面存在明显的性别差异,应根据其性别差异特点对老年人外伤性脊柱骨折进行防治。     

老年髋部骨折患者跌倒的现状研究

目的探讨跌倒所致髋部骨折患者的流行病学情况。方法收集2015年5月至2017年12月住院的年龄≥65岁脆性髋部骨折患者(A组),其中男性179例,女性456例;并以同期老年科住院的年龄≥65岁无髋部骨折病史患者作为对照(B组),其中男性29例,女性52例;应用SPSS 19统计学软件,采用二元Logistic回归分析危险因素。结果①635例髋部骨折老年患者,平均年龄(79.69±7.64)岁;有45.2%的跌倒是发生在家中,在家中的高发地点是卧室、起居室(占家中跌倒的72.1%),跌倒高发时间为入睡时间段,22:00～7:00占33.6%;有54.8%的跌倒是发生在户外,老人因使用非机动车产生的相关非暴力伤占到户外跌倒的28.2%。②发生跌倒后髋部骨折与老人行走时是否使用助行器(P=0.000)、步态(P=0.000)、优势手握力(P=0.000)、内科合并症CCI(P=0.006)有关;其中,行走时需要双手支撑辅助的老年患者比独立行走的老年患者发生髋部骨折的风险高4.7倍(95%CI:2.7,8.0)。③反复发生跌倒,即跌倒超高危老人与行走时是否使用助行器(P=0.000)、优势手握力(P=0.027)、内科合并症指数(P=0.027)相关。结论老年人需尽可能的改善肌力及掌控平衡,居家出门少的老人需要注意卧室和起居室的布置,使用非机动车来助行的老人在上下车时及行驶时需要尽可能的缓慢来预防跌倒。随着人口老龄化程度的加剧,需要更多的社会力量来开展跌倒预防及跌倒损伤发生后的复健工作。     

疼痛管理对老年髋部骨折患者术后的影响

目的探讨老年髋部骨折患者规范化疼痛管理的效果。方法将年龄≥60岁、髋部骨折已行手术的40例患者随机分为干预组和对照组各20例。对照组采用常规护理,观察组在此基础上对患者进行规范化疼痛管理,包括健康教育、合理评估、合理应用镇痛药物、个体化管理等措施。结果两组术后第3天及出院时疼痛程度、出院时日常生活能力、住院时间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论对老年髋部骨折患者实施疼痛管理,能够减轻术后疼痛,提高患者的生活能力,促进其早日康复。