一次不明原因发热疫情中病人血清的Q热抗体检测

目的:从不明原因发热病人血清中筛查Q热抗体.方法:用间接免疫荧光法对一次不明原因发热疫情中的9位病人共15份血清进行Q热IgG检测.结果:9例患者的血清中共检出6例Q热抗体阳性,阳性率达66.7%.结论:Q热在过去的疫区可能仍有较频繁的发生,各地相关部门应加强对Q热的调查和应急储备.     

安徽省不同地区人群和家畜Q热血清流行病学调查

目的了解安徽省丘陵和淮北平原人群、家畜Q热感染状况和分布特点,为科学防治Q热提供依据。方法2009年4月～5月在安徽省广德、明光和怀远县采集农村人群血清613份,家畜血清150份,使用试剂盒,采用间接免疫荧光法（IFA）检测Q热病原体抗体,并进行不同地区、年龄、性别比较。结果613份人血清中,Q热阳性血清239份,阳性率53.67%,存在性别差异。家畜血清150份,Q热阳性血清92份,阳性率61.33%,存在地区差异。人群与家畜Q热血清阳性率正相关关系。结论安徽省部分农村地区人和家畜均有较高的Q热血清阳性率,存在由家畜传染给人的风险,需加强Q热的预防意识及诊断能力。     

广东Q热初步调查报告

本文报导血清学发现广州某农场职工血清Q热补体结合试验阳性率为22.76％,海南人群为14.6％。医院门诊不明热病人血清检出Q热Ⅱ相抗体者占37.93％。并从海南水牛和某农场奶牛身上捕捉的微小牛蜱,以及发病的初生奶牛犊血液分离出病原体,经初步鉴定为Q热立克次体。以上结果提示广东存在Q热,且在某农场有Q热疫源地。     

斑点热群立克次体HN-98株的分离和初步鉴定

目的 从海南省斑点热疫源地不明热病人体内分离斑点热群立克次体。方法 用鸡胚卵黄囊培养法直接从斑点热疫区一不明热病人血标本中分离立克次体,继之用分子生物学及血清学试验对分离株进行鉴定。结果 从海南省琼中县斑点热疫区一不明热男性民工的血标本中分离到了一株立克次体,命名为ＨＮ－９８株立克次体,西伯利亚种。结论 该结果进一步从病原学上证实海南省琼中县存在有斑点热疫源地。     

我国部分地区立克次体血清学的调查研究

立克次体病系人畜共患的自然疫源性疾病,危害人畜的健康。各种立克次体病在我国分布较广泛,斑疹伤寒和Q热遍及全国。然而由于立克次体病的传播流行受其媒介、宿主、地理环境和社会条件等多因素的影响,造成防而不力治而不明的困难,从而使立克次体病有扩展趋势。一些立克次体病如Q热、恙虫病和斑疹伤寒往往被误诊为其它热型     

中学生斑点热和Q热感染调查

Q热和斑点热是两种重要的立克次体病，在世界上分布相当广泛。斑点热在我国主要表现为由西伯利亚立克欢体引起的北亚热，内蒙、新疆、黑龙江等地已证实存在本病疫源地；我国已有几个省、市、自治区证实有Q热存在，内蒙、四川、云南等地曾发生过暴发流行。从以往情况看，不同人群感染率也有所不同。最近我们对部分中学生进行了这两种疾病的血清学检测，结果报告如下。卫材价和方法1．1调查对象山东省昌乐市某乡镇中学学生，以及部分村庄饲养的羊只。1．2样本的采集与处理人和学各采静脉血2ml和3ml，分离血清后置低温冰箱内保存备检。所有血…     

耶尔森氏菌病的临床-检验特点

据文献报道,耶尔森氏菌病(下称耶氏菌病)在不同地区的许多国家均有发生。苏联白俄罗斯明斯克传染病医院,自1979年起采用实验室诊断方法诊断耶氏菌病,在1979～1984年间于不明热患者中共发现耶氏菌病195例,其诊断均经细菌学或血清学检查所证实。耶氏菌病195例(男104例,女91例)中,     

闽西北山区一起钩端螺旋体病流行的调查报告

１９９８年，福建省闽西北地区部分县市洪水泛滥成灾。洪水过后，闽西北山区某农场发生一批不明原因发热、头痛、全身酸痛及淋巴结肿大等病人。根据当地送检的血清标本进行实验室有关疾病的血清学检查，并进行流行病学调查，证实该地区是一起洪水过后引起的稻田型钩端螺旋...     

2004～2006年广西原因不明食物中毒分析

目的了解广西2004～2006年原因不明食物中毒情况。方法按发生时间、季节、地点、造成致病物质不明的原因等进行分类、统计与分析。结果收集广西2004～2006年各地上报发生不明原因食物中毒事件报告57起,中毒人数1037人,死亡7人,分别占总数的17.2%、18.8%和11.7%,主要集中在第二、三季度,农村为高发地区,多数发生于家庭。结论食物中毒发生后未及时上报,或基层条件限制等造成食物中毒原因不明,应严格按照相关规定进行上报和处理。     

儿童Q热

Q热是由伯氏立克次体引起的一种传染病。人们对成人Q热的临床特征已经了解得比较清楚,而对儿童Q热的临床特征了解甚少。作者复习了1986～1990年由血清学检查确诊为Q热的13例患儿的临床记录,总结了其临床表现和实验室检查结果。临床表现:13例患儿中,4例有绵羊接触史;6例住在农村或近期在农村地区居住过;2例喝过没有消毒的牛奶。 13例Q热患儿的年龄为2～14岁(平均9.6岁);男孩9例,女孩4例。12例有高热(38.8℃～41.5℃,平均39.9℃),发热持     

A survey of Q-fever in Sweden

Coxiella burnetii, the etiological agent of Q-fever has recently been isolated from sheep in southern Sweden. In this region 24–30% of sheep farmers have been exposed to the organism as shown by serological measurements. In veterinarians, another group with high risk of exposure to C. burnetii, about 12% have antibodies to the bacteria. The seropositive veterinarians are scattered all over the country. In two non-risk groups, draftees and hospital employees, 5–7% were found to be positive. This survey showed that Q-fever is a domestic disease which is spread throughout Sweden.     

Q-fever outbreak in Dortmund in the summer of 1999. Results of an epidemiological outbreak study

In the summer of 1999, the health department of the City of Dortmund registered an increased incidence rate of reported Q-fever-diseases. Q-fever is a zoonosis caused by the Coxiella burnetii bacterium which typically multiplies within cells. To investigate the cause of this outbreak, an investigation was initiated. Clinical and veterinary examinations, investigations of the environment and an epidemiological case-control-study were combined. Patients as well as healthy persons interviewed for comparative purposes were asked to complete a questionnaire on their habits of life and the answers compared. The results of this study show a clear connection between an exposition with sheep, dung (OR = 14.9; 95% CI: 4.9-47) and manure (OR = 18.7; 95% CI: 3.5-180) of infected sheep and the Q-fever outbreak. The study confirmed the assumption that a local sheep farm was the source of infection for the epidemic outbreak of Q-fever in the same quarter of Dortmund.     

Q fever in Bulgaria and Slovakia.

As a result of dramatic political and economic changes in the beginning of the 1990s, Q-fever epidemiology in Bulgaria has changed. The number of goats almost tripled; contact between goat owners (and their families) and goats, as well as goats and other animals, increased; consumption of raw goat milk and its products increased; and goats replaced cattle and sheep as the main source of human Coxiella burnetii infections. Hundreds of overt, serologically confirmed human cases of acute Q fever have occurred. Chronic forms of Q fever manifesting as endocarditis were also observed. In contrast, in Slovakia, Q fever does not pose a serious public health problem, and the chronic form of infection has not been found either in follow-ups of a Q-fever epidemic connected with goats imported from Bulgaria and other previous Q-fever outbreaks or in a serologic survey. Serologic diagnosis as well as control and prevention of Q fever are discussed.     

Q-fever and autoimmunity

Study objective: To determine the incidence and the clinical significance of two autoimmune markers in Q-fever (smooth muscle antibodies, cold agglutinins). Design: Six index cases with auto-immune disorders.Assays of 104 sera from patients with Q-fever (including index cases) using immunofluorescence for smooth muscle antibodies, microagglutination for cold agglutinins. Setting: French National Reference Center for Rickettsial Diseases. Cases: 6 patients were studied with acute Q-fever and auto-immune disorders. 3 of whom had presented a resistance to a therapy with antibiotics. Stored samples from other patients with acute or chronic stage were also screened to appreciate the incidence of the two markers. Measurements and main results: Case reports: No correlation between Q-fever and smooth muscle antibodies titers and kinetics were found.A spurt of corticosteroids was necessary to obtain apyrexia for the patients who had presented multiple auto-immune disorders and a resistance to the classical therapy.Incidence: Smooth muscle antibodies were detected in 27%, cold agglutinins in one case. They were present in 23% of the patients with acute cases and in 38% with chronic stage. Conclusion: The incidence of auto-immune disorders is unexpectedly high and could explain some manifestations of acute Q-fever e.g the resistance to therapy with antibiotics which are not yet clear. Then the association during the acute stage of auto-immune disorders with the persistance of clinical or biological findings after three weeks therapy could recommend the use of corticosteroids.Presented at the 4th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology, Nice, 17–20 April, 1989.     

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Isolates from Presumptive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients Attending A Tertiary Hospital in Addis Ababa,Ethiopia

BackgroundMycobacterial infections are known to cause a public health problem globally. The burden of pulmonary disease from nontuberculous mycobacteria is reportedly on the rise in different parts of the world despite the fact that there is limited data about the disease in sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia. Hence, we aimed to assess the magnitude of M. tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) among presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis patients attending St. Paul''s hospital Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from June to September 20/2016. Morning sputum specimens were collected, processed and cultured in Lowenstein Jensen medium and BACTEC MGIT 960 media. The nontuberculous mycobacteria were further confirmed and characterized by Genotype CM/AS assays. The socio-demographic, clinical and chest x-ray data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.ResultsOut of 275 presumptive tuberculosis patients enrolled in the study, 29(10.5%) were culture positive for Mycobacteria. Of these, 3(10.3%) were found to be NTM and 26(89.6%) were Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Of the NTM, two were unidentified and one typed as M.peregrinum. There was no co-isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and nontuberculous mycobacteria. Overall, 6(23.1%) Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates were resistant to at least one anti-tuberculosis drug. Of these, two were multidrug resistant tuberculosis cases (7.7%) detected from previously treated patients.ConclusionRelatively low magnitude of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and nontuberculous mycobacteria isolates were seen in the study area. Therefore, further study using a large sample size is needed to be done to consider nontuberculous mycobacteria infection as a differential diagnosis in presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis patients.     

湖北省县级疾病预防控制中心卫生人力资源配置公平性分析

目的：分析2020年湖北省县级疾病预防与控制中心卫生人力资源配置的公平性并进行可视化呈现,为优化基层疾病预防控制机构人才队伍建设提供参考。方法：运用洛伦茨曲线(Lorenz curve)和基尼系数(Gini coefficient)衡量县级疾病预防控制中心卫生人力资源配置公平性,运用莫兰指数(Moran''s I)分析空间集聚效应,绘制LISA图对聚集效应进行可视化呈现。结果：卫生人力资源按常住人口和地理面积配置的Gini系数分别为0.53、0.85。按常住人口和地理面积配置的全局Moran''s I分别为0.22、0.46,说明存在空间聚集性,通过计算局部Moran''s I所绘制LISA图显示低—低型区域主要集中在人口密度高的鄂东、鄂中地区以及地理面积广的鄂西地区。结论：湖北省县级疾病预防控制中心卫生人力资源公平性有待提高,空间分布欠合理,政府在制定基层卫生人力资源政策时,需要同时考虑人口和空间因素规划卫生技术人员分布。     

National survey of the injury prevention activities of children's centres

Children's centres were established across England to provide a range of services including early education, social care and health to pre‐school children and their families. We surveyed children's centres to ascertain the activities they were undertaking to prevent unintentional injuries in the under fives. A postal questionnaire was sent to a sample of children's centre managers (n = 694). It included questions on current activities, knowledge and attitudes to injury prevention, health priorities and partnership working. Responses were received from 384 (56%) children's centres. Overall, 58% considered unintentional injury prevention to be one of the three main child health priorities for their centre. Over half the respondents (59%) did not know if there was an injury prevention group in their area, and 21% did not know if there was a home safety equipment scheme. Knowledge of how child injury deaths occur in the home was poor. Only 11% knew the major cause of injury deaths in children under five. Lack of both staff time and funding were seen as important barriers by children's centre staff to undertake injury prevention activities. Nearly all stated that training (97%) and assistance with planning injury prevention (94%) would be helpful to their centres. Children's centres need further support if they are to effectively tackle this important public health area.     

Diarrhoea in general practice: a sixteen-year report of investigations in a microbiology laboratory, with epidemiological assessment.

Results are presented of the laboratory examination of faeces specimens from 20,273 patients with acute diarrhoea. These were household index cases seen in general practice in a London borough during the years 1953-68. An annual average of about 2 per cent of households in the area were affected, but there was considerable fluctuation with year and season. Half the patients were children although only one-fifth of the population at risk was under 15 years of age. The greatest incidence of diarrhoea was among children under 5 years old. Male children, but female adults predominated. Specimens were sent for laboratory diagnosis at the discretion of the general practitioner. The laboratory found some abnormality in nearly a third and there were indications that transmissible infection was involved in about one-fifth of patients. The most common diagnosis was Sonne dysentery (9 per cent) which came in epidemic waves and made its greatest impact among young school children. Microscopy was useful, and giardiasis was diagnosed in 1-4 per cent of index patients. Other parasites were less commonly found. Fatty globules characteristic of an infectious condition we have called ''fatty diarrhoea'' were frequently observed by microscopy in stools from young children and occasionally from older persons. Blood or pus cells were seen in less than half the shigella and salmonella infections and in a much smaller proportion of the remainder. A test for occult blood performed on specimens from all patients of 40 years or older was positive, in the absence of visible red cells, in a tenth of these cases. Other studies on the bacteriology of diarrhoea in general practice are referred to and some epidemiological comparisons made. The possible place of unidentified infective agents in the aetiology of undiagnosed diarrhoeas and of ''fatty diarrhoea'' is discussed.     

中国农村寄宿制初中生铁相关营养知识状况

了解中国21个省农村寄宿制初中生铁营养相关知识知晓情况,为通过食物强化评估学生铁营养状况改善情况提供基线资料和科学依据.方法 采用分层随机整群抽样方法,对我国东、中、西部3个经济区域内21个省农村寄宿制2 716名初中生进行铁相关营养知识知晓状况问卷调查.结果 学生对铁缺乏和人体健康有关的知识知晓率高达87.00%,使用铁锅是否还需要补铁、营养性贫血的发生与哪种物质有关、微量营养素补充的好方法、12~14岁血液中血红蛋白值低于多少属于贫血、铁强化酱油中添加的是何种铁、缺铁有哪些症状的知晓率分别为57.58%,56.19%,16.31%,15.02%,12.85%和5.96%;在哪种食物铁含量丰富且易被人体吸收、食用“铁强化酱油”的作用和铁缺乏会对学生有哪些影响3个问题上,男、女生知晓率差异均有统计学意义(x2值分别为6.002,7.093,5.622,P值均<0.05).学生铁相关营养知识得分情况的主要影响因素包括性别、经济区域和父亲文化程度(X2值分别为6.901,59.991,32.137,P值均<0.01);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,影响学生铁营养相关知识及格率的主要影响因素为性别、经济区域和父亲文化程度(OR值分别为1.161,1.920和1.284).结论 农村寄宿制中学生铁相关营养知识的知晓程度相对较低.应加强中小学生相关知识和行为的教育及宣传工作,从铁相关疾病危险因素方面预防和控制铁缺乏及贫血.