三维有限元法分析功能性印模全口义齿下颌牙槽黏膜的应力分布

目的:分析正中咬合接触时功能性印模法制取的下颌全口义齿基托下黏膜组织的应力分布和位移状况。方法:通过Mimics、Geomagic Studio和Unigraphics NX软件,将CT图像建立为下颌无牙颌骨、黏膜及解剖式和功能性印模全口义齿的三维有限元模型,用三维有限元法比较2种不同印模方法制作的全口义齿对基托下应力分布、黏膜位移的影响。结果:2种不同印模方法制作的下颌总义齿基托下黏膜等效应力由大至小排列为:后牙牙槽嵴顶区、前牙牙槽嵴顶区、外斜嵴区、内斜嵴区。在内斜嵴和牙槽嵴顶区,功能性印模全口义齿下黏膜承受的应力与Z向位移量小于解剖式印模全口义齿。结论:功能性印模全口义齿下颌基托下黏膜的应力分布较解剖印模全口义齿更均匀、广泛。     

不同印模技术对无牙上颌黏膜组织应力分布及位移的影响

目的:比较两种印模技术在无牙上颌黏膜组织的应力分布状态及位移差异。方法:纳入5例无牙颌患者，分别采用腭中缝开窗设计的数字化开、闭口个别托盘制取精细印模。口内扫描仪获取口内及各个精细印模的光学印模。导入Geomagic Wrap 2021软件，以口内光模作为参考对两组数据进行偏差分析，色谱图观察应力分布规律，3D偏差值比较不同印模技术产生的位移差异。结果:色谱图及3D偏差值均显示，开口印模技术黏膜的变形移位主要发生在后堤区(软腭区),闭口印模技术主要发生在主承托区(牙槽嵴顶区)及副承托区(硬腭区);整体而言，闭口印模技术使黏膜发生的变形移位较开口印模技术大。结论:相对于开口印模来说，闭口印模是一种带有瞬时咬合压力的功能性印模，能使基托下黏膜组织广泛受力。     

对两种印模法无牙上颌模型的测量分析

作者对6例牙列缺失患者,采用开、闭口两种印模法,制取12副上颌模型。分别测量腭穹窿的高度和宽度,进行比较分析。结果闭口印模灌注的石膏模型,其腭穹窿图的高度(垂直线段)和宽度(水平线段),绝大多数都略长于开口印模对应的线段,经t检验P<0.05。采用闭口印模法,基托下软组织腭顶部压缩量0.40±0.31mm,腭侧壁压缩量0.34±0.28mm。因此闭口印模法是一种功能性印模方法,可能更符合基托下组织在功能活动中的状态。     

52例牙槽嵴重度吸收的全口义齿修复效果观察

目的：对牙槽嵴重度吸收的无牙颌患者，采用试排牙时闭口式二次印模法，针对性的精细排牙以及良好的基托磨光面形态，观察修复效果。方法：选取52例牙槽嵴重度吸收的无牙颌患者，用托牙基底板做颌托基托，采用试排牙时闭口式二次印模法，人工排牙时注意中性区位置，基托磨光面形态呈凹面型，完成注塑全口义齿修复，观察临床效果。结果：通过该方法制作的全口义齿固位力明显增强，很少发生黏膜压痛，取得了较满意的临床效果。结论：对牙槽嵴重度吸收的无牙颌患者，采用试排牙时闭口式二次印模法，细致的个性排牙，以及良好的基托磨光面的形态，有助于提高全口义齿的固位功能、封闭功能和舒适性。     

试牙后闭口式印模法用于低平牙槽嵴无牙颌全口义齿修复效果评价

目的 评价闭口式印模法用于低平牙槽嵴无牙颌全口义齿修复的临床应用效果。方法 收集2010年8月至2012年8月东港市口腔医院修复科收治的低平牙槽嵴无牙颌患者72例,随机分为两组,每组36例。闭口式印模组采用开口式印模法取初印模,试牙后采用闭口式印模法取终印模;开口式印模组采用传统的藻酸盐印模材个别托盘开口式印模法取终印模。在佩戴全口义齿3个月后进行患者满意度问卷调查,同时由医生对义齿质量进行临床评价。结果 闭口式印模组患者对义齿固位、稳定、咀嚼及舒适度方面的满意度均高于开口式印模组,差异均有统计学意义（均P < 0.05）。闭口式印模组在义齿基托边缘伸展及固位方面都要优于开口式印模组,差异均有统计学意义（均P < 0.05）;但在义齿稳定方面,两组差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。结论 试牙后闭口式印模技术的应用,在一定程度上既可提高低平牙槽嵴无牙颌患者全口义齿的固位、稳定,又可减少戴牙后黏膜压痛,从而获得良好的全口义齿修复效果。     

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目的评价闭口式印模法用于低平牙槽嵴无牙颌全口义齿修复的临床应用效果。方法收集2010年8月至2012年8月东港市口腔医院修复科收治的低平牙槽嵴无牙颌患者72例,随机分为两组,每组36例。闭口式印模组采用开口式印模法取初印模,试牙后采用闭口式印模法取终印模;开口式印模组采用传统的藻酸盐印模材个别托盘开口式印模法取终印模。在佩戴全口义齿3个月后进行患者满意度问卷调查,同时由医生对义齿质量进行临床评价。结果闭口式印模组患者对义齿固位、稳定、咀嚼及舒适度方面的满意度均高于开口式印模组,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。闭口式印模组在义齿基托边缘伸展及固位方面都要优于开口式印模组,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）;但在义齿稳定方面,两组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论试牙后闭口式印模技术的应用,在一定程度上既可提高低平牙槽嵴无牙颌患者全口义齿的固位、稳定,又可减少戴牙后黏膜压痛,从而获得良好的全口义齿修复效果。     

总义齿修复中应用闭口式印模法的体会

制作总义齿时,本着一切以口腔内具体情况为依据的基本原则,我们采用了闭口式印模法[1](也称二次印模法),取得满意效果,现报道如下。2003年1月至2005年6月,我科总义齿修复的患者共68例,其中男性39例,女性29例,年龄45-76岁。初次修复总义齿者47例,原有全口假牙再次修复全口义齿者21例。随机分成A、B两组,每组34例。操作方法:常规制作总义齿所需全部器械和材料。对A组病人,应用传统方法先取印模、制作蜡基托、蜡堤、转移咬合关系、上牙合架、排牙、调牙合、试戴,再回到石膏模型上装盒、热处理等;对B组患者,应用闭口式印模法,也是先取模、制作…     

应用常用架作全口义齿自凝塑料口外垫底的体会

操作程序一、取模:取模前将上下颌义齿基托组织面磨粗糙,调拌流动性较好的弹性印模料,放入义齿基托组织面,戴入患者口内,嘱患者作正中咬(牙合),印模料凝固后从口内取出义齿,用盐水灌模型.二、上(牙合)架:石膏模凝固后.将上下颌义齿对正咬(牙合),上(牙合)架.三、填胶:(牙合)架上的石膏凝固后,将上下颌义齿取下,去除印模料.模型的组织面涂分离剂.在上下颌义齿基托的组织面涂布调好的自凝塑胶,放     

功能性与解剖式印模技术对下颌总义齿基托组织面形态差异的影响

目的:比较功能性印模技术与解剖式印模技术制取的下颌总义齿在主承托区与内、外斜嵴区基托组织面的形态差异。方法:15名无牙颌志愿者,分别使用功能印模和解剖印模2种技术为同一志愿者制作2副实验用下颌总义齿,应用3D激光扫描仪对义齿进行三维建模,进而对2种印模方法制取的下颌总义齿在主承托区与内、外斜嵴区基托组织面的形态差异进行测量,采用SPSS 12.0软件包对数据进行配对t检验。结果:2种印模方法的下颌总义齿基托组织面在双侧内、外斜嵴处有显著差异(P<0.01),而在义齿主承托区组织面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:功能性印模方法制作的下颌总义齿在使用时更少发生压痛,测得的形态差异数据提示在功能印模时,对内、外斜嵴区域应预留足够的缓冲间隙。     

改良记录基托在疑难全口义齿修复中的临床应用

目的探讨疑难无牙颌患者使用改良颌位记录基托行全口义齿修复的修复效果。方法选择20例牙槽嵴重度吸收的无牙颌患者,用光固化树脂基托材料制作记录基托,在基托组织面内衬硅橡胶印模材料形成具有良好稳定性和固位力的改良记录基托,以确保取得精确的上下颌关系及良好后堤封闭的闭口终印模。结果采用改良颌位记录基托制作疑难全口义齿20例,其中18例患者感义齿稳固,咀嚼功能好,无压痛。2例患者感黏膜稍有疼痛,通过调改后均取得满意效果。结论对牙槽嵴重度吸收的无牙颌患者,采用改良颌位记录基托可以获得精确稳定的颌位关系及具有良好后堤封闭的闭口终印模,最终拥有一副理想的全口义齿。     

Single Stage Silicone Border Molded Closed Mouth Impression Technique—Part II

Functioning of a complete denture depends to a great extent on the impression technique. Several impression techniques have been described in the literature since the turn of this century when Greene [Clinical courses in dental prothesis, 1916] brothers introduced the first scientific system of recording dental impression. Advocates of each technique have their own claim of superiority over the other. The introduction of elastomeric impression materials [Skinner and Cooper, J Am Dent Assoc 51:523-536, 1955] has made possible new techniques of recording impression for complete denture construction. These rubber like materials are of two types; one has a polysulfide base and is popularily known as polysulfide rubber (Thiokol and Mercaptan). The other variety has a silicone base known as silicone rubber or silicone elastomer. Silicone elastomers are available in four different consistencies; a thin easy flowing light bodied material,a creamy medium bodied material, a highly viscous heavy bodied material and a kneadable putty material. This paper describes an active closed mouth impression technique with one stage border molding using putty silicone material as a substitute for low fusing compound.     

Utilizing the impression as a record base

The final impression made in an autopolymerized acrylic impression tray can be modified to serve as the record base in complete denture construction. This simple technique quickly creates an accurate, stable, and extremely comfortable record base.     

按扣式分段上颌全口义齿在无牙颌小口畸形修复中的应用:附1例报告

目的:将按扣式分段全口义齿应用于无牙颌小口畸形患者的修复中,评价其修复效果。方法:采用分段式印模技术。沿中线两侧的全口义齿上制作腭部按扣式机械结构。在两侧金属支架相当于上中切牙的位置,各做半个金属基牙,并在此之上制作烤塑冠。义齿就位时,同时将烤塑冠就位,将整个义齿连成一体,并提供稳定作用。结果:按扣式分段全口义齿能够在患者口腔中自如就位,并发挥良好的功能。结论:按扣式分段上颌全口义齿可用于无牙颌小口畸形患者的修复。     

舌侧集中[牙合]与三次印模法在全口义齿制作中的临床效果评价

目的:评价制作全口义齿时采用3次印模法配合舌侧集中[牙合]的临床效果。方法:纳入80例低平牙槽嵴患者,随机分为40例实验组(三次印模法)和40例对照组(二次印模法),所有患者均接受舌侧集中[牙合]治疗。在不同时间点,分别对义齿咀嚼效率、患者满意度、义齿基托密合性的指标进行统计分析。结果:实验组在义齿稳定性、咀嚼效率优于对照组(P<0.05),而在美观、发音方面2组间无明显统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:3次印模法配合舌侧集中[牙合]在修复低平牙槽嵴患者中具有更好的修复效果。     

具有组织终止带的下颌无牙颌印模技术初探

目的 初步确定并验证一种适用于下颌四类无牙颌的印模技术。方法 对20名四类无牙颌志愿者分别使用常规印模技术和具有组织终止带的印模技术取下颌印模,对比其将松软组织推开的能力以及相应暂基托的舒适度,随机选用其中一个模型完成总义齿制作,检查并记录总义齿初戴时的组织密合度及患者的复诊次数。结果 采用配对t检验显示：两组推开松软组织的能力间差异有统计学意义,舒适度评价差异无统计学意义;采用独立样本t检验显示：两组总义齿组织密合度间差异无统计学意义,复诊次数间差异有统计学意义。结论 具有组织终止带的下颌印模技术可以有效地推开松软组织,虽不能提高初戴的舒适性和基托的组织密合度,但是却有效地减少了患者的复诊次数。     

Expedited Record Base Fabrication Using an Irreversible Hydrocolloid Cast

The registration of a maxillomandibular relationship requires additional clinical and laboratory procedures when the mouth presents with loss of occlusal support. This procedure can be a challenge for a patient who needs urgent care or resides in a remote area. This article describes a procedure for expediting the mounting of a master cast for the fabrication of a maxillary immediate complete denture. The technique presented describes the use of a silicone record base made on an irreversible hydrocolloid cast generated from the final impression.     

模型置换印模技术修复下颌游离端牙列缺损的临床研究

目的：探讨模型置换印模技术对双侧下颌游离端缺牙患者的修复效果。方法：在解剖式印模上常规制作铸造支架,在铸造支架上制作自凝暂时基板,经口内肌功能修整并制取咬合记录后于口内取功能性印模。经模型置换后常规完成义齿。结果：90.2%的患者用模型置换印模技术制作的义齿疗效良好。结论：模型置换印模作为游离端可摘部分义齿的重要功能印模方法,可以有效改善义齿修复质量。     

Application of a 3-dimensional measurement system to complete denture impressions

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Little is known about tissue displacement at the tissue/denture base interface during impression making. PURPOSE: This study used a new 3-dimensional measurement system to analyze and compare 2 complete denture reline impression techniques (1 occluding and 1 digital) to determine which resulted in less displacement of the tissue/denture base interface during impression making. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The experiment included 10 completely edentulous subjects. For each subject, 3 mandibular casts were obtained: (1) a reference cast of the existing denture base, (2) a cast made with an occluding reline impression technique, and (3) a cast made with a digital reline impression technique. With the use of an optical 3-dimensional measurement system, the corresponding casts in a common coordinate system were analyzed geometrically. For each cast, the coordinates of the barycentric point and the high point were determined. For the same subject, the differences between the coordinates of the barycentric points of the 3 casts were calculated 2-by-2. The same calculation was performed for the high points. To determine whether these differences, which represent the displacements of the barycentric points and the high points, were statistically significant, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for paired group comparisons was applied (P<.05). Cartographic differences among the casts from the same subject also were compared. RESULTS: The uncertainty of measurement for the location of the barycentric and highest point was +/-57 microm. The uncertainty in the differences among the cartographic displays was +/-0.1 mm. Vertically, the mean distance that separated the barycentric points obtained with the 2 impression methods was 0.04 mm. Cartography data showed that the greatest dimensional differences between the 2 impression techniques (minimum 0.25 mm; maximum 1.5 mm) were located near the retromolar pad and along the lingual flange. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this 3-dimensional in vivo study, displacement of the tissue/denture base interface was essentially equivalent with the use of an occluding and a digital mandibular impression technique.