胸、腹水与血清癌胚抗原检测对良恶性胸、腹水鉴别诊断的价值

目的评价胸、腹水与血清癌胚抗原（CEA）水平及其比值对良恶性积液鉴别诊断的价值。方法应用ELECSYS-2010型全自动电化学发光免疫分析系统定量检测胸、腹水与血清中的CEA水平。结果恶性组胸、腹水与血清的CEA显著高于良性组（P〈0.001）;恶性胸、腹水中CEA水平显著高于本组血清（P〈0.001）,恶性组胸、腹水/血清比值显著高于良性组（P〈0.01）。结论与单纯测定血清或胸、腹水中的CEA相比,同时测定胸、腹水和血清CEA及其比值对良恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断具有更重要的价值。     

联合检测血清肿瘤标志物对胸腔积液鉴别诊断的意义

目的探讨肿瘤标志物联合检测在良、恶性胸腔积液鉴别诊断中的临床意义。方法采集80例有胸腔积液患者的血清样本，其中恶性胸腔积液患者48例，良性胸腔积液患者32例，用多肿瘤标志物蛋白芯片检测系统检测血清糖链抗原CA125、CA153、CA199和癌胚抗原（CEA）的含量。结果恶性胸腔积液组血清CA125、CA153、CA199和CEA水平明显高于良性胸腔积液组（P〈0．01）。结论联合检测肿瘤标志物CA125、CA153、CA199和CEA可提高恶性胸腔积液的诊断率，对胸腔积液的鉴别诊断有较好的临床价值。     

癌胚抗原及粘液样糖蛋白检测在良恶性胸腔积液鉴别诊断中的意义

目的评价癌胚抗原（CEA）、粘液样糖蛋白（CA-125）在良、恶性胸腔积液临床鉴别诊断中的意义。方法分别采用放射免疫分析、电化学发光免疫法对已确诊的良性胸腔积液组、恶性胸腔积液组患者血清及胸腔积液进行CEA、CA-125进行检测结果恶性胸腔积液组血清及胸腔积液CEA、CA-125水平显著高于对照组与良性胸腔积液组。结论对患者血清及胸腔积液进行CEA、CA-125检测有利于良恶性胸腔积液鉴别诊断。     

TSGF、CEA、LDH检测在良恶性胸腔积液鉴别诊断中的应用

目的探讨肿瘤特异性生长因子（TSGF）、癌胚抗原（CEA）及乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）三项指标检测在良、恶性胸腔积液鉴别诊断中的应用。方法选择2012年1月至2013年9月住院的108例胸腔积液患者（恶性胸腔积液63例,良性胸腔积液45例）为研究对象。采用全自动生化分析仪和全自动免疫电化学发光仪分别对108例良、恶性胸腔积液及对应的患者血清进行TSGF、CEA和LDH同步检测。结果胸腔积液、血清TSGF、CEA和LDH水平,恶性组均高于良性组（P均〈0.05）;恶性胸腔积液TSGF、CEA和LDH含量均高于血清（P均〈0.05）;胸腔积液、血清单项检测诊断恶性胸腔积液的敏感度及特异度由高到低均依次为TSGF、CEA和LDH。结论胸腔积液、血清TSGF、CEA、LDH检测对鉴别良、恶性胸腔积液有重要临床价值,TSGF的特异度和敏感度均优于CEA和LDH。     

胸、腹水与血清癌胚抗原检测对良恶性胸、腹水鉴别诊断的价值

目的评价胸、腹水与血清癌胚抗原(CEA)水平及其比值对良恶性积液鉴别诊断的价值。方法应用ELECSYS-2010型全自动电化学发光免疫分析系统定量检测胸、腹水与血清中的CEA水平。结果恶性组胸、腹水与血清的CEA显著高于良性组(P<0.001);恶性胸、腹水中CEA水平显著高于本组血清(P<0.001),恶性组胸、腹水/血清比值显著高于良性组(P<0.01)。结论与单纯测定血清或胸、腹水中的CEA相比,同时测定胸、腹水和血清CEA及其比值对良恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断具有更重要的价值。     

CEA、CA199、CA125在良恶性浆膜腔积液性质鉴别中的价值

目的 评估浆膜腔积液和血清中CEA、CA199、CA125在鉴别良恶性浆膜腔积液中的价值.方法 应用电化学发光法（ECL）分别测定80例浆膜腔积液发现癌细胞的患者、80例浆膜腔积液未发现癌细胞患者的血清,以及浆膜腔积液中CEA、CA199、CA125水平,并加以分析.结果 恶性浆膜腔积液患者的浆膜腔积液和血清中的CEA、CA199、CA125水平明显高于良性浆膜腔积液患者,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;同时,恶性浆膜腔积液患者CEA、CA199、CA125在积液中的水平高于其血清中的水平,差异也具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.ROC曲线表明,恶性浆膜腔积液中的CEA、CA199、CA125的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.929、0.926、0.854.结论 浆膜腔积液中的CEA、CA199、CA125水平对判断良恶性浆膜腔积液性质具有重要的参考价值.     

脱落细胞学联合4项肿瘤标志物检测诊断恶性浆膜腔积液的价值

目的探讨脱落细胞学联合癌胚抗原（carcinoembryonic antigen,CEA）、糖链抗原（carbohydrate antigen,CA）125、CA15-3、CA19—9检测对恶性浆膜腔积液的诊断价值。方法比较68例良性浆膜腔积液患者（良性组）和50例恶性浆膜腔积液患者（恶性组）CEA、CA125、CA15-3、CA19—9水平,分析脱落细胞学联合血清肿瘤标志物诊断恶性浆膜腔积液的敏感性、特异性和准确性。结果恶性组脱落细胞学诊断为恶性45例,漏诊5例;良性组脱落细胞学阳性1例,误诊为恶性积液;恶性组CEA、CA125、CA15—3、CA19—9水平均高于良性组（P〈O．01）;脱落细胞学联合4项血清肿瘤标志物诊断恶性浆膜腔积液的敏感性为98％,特异性为98．5％,准确性为98．3％。结论肿瘤标志物联合脱落细胞学检测在浆膜腔积液的良、恶性质判断中有重要价值。     

血清CA125等4种肿瘤标志物联合检测对胸腔积液鉴别诊断的意义

目的：探讨肿瘤标志物联合检测在良、恶性胸腔积液鉴别诊断中鲫临床意义。方法：采集有胸腔积液患者的血清样本80例，其中恶性胸腔积液患者48例，良性胸腔积液患者32例，用多肿瘤标志物蛋白芯片检测系统检测血清CA125、CA153、CA99和CEA的含量。结果：恶性胸腔积液组血清CA125、CA153、CA199和CEA的水平明显高于良性胸腔积液组（P〈0．02）；联合检测可提高恶性胸腔积液诊断率。结论：肿瘤标志物CA125、CA153、CA199和CEA的联合检测，对胸腔积液的鉴别诊断有较好的临床价值。     

电化学发光免疫法测定CEA、CA12-5其胸腔积液/血清比值的分析

目的探讨患者胸腔积液与血清中的CEA（癌胚抗原）、CA12-5（糖类蛋白12-5）水平及其比值（胸腔积液/血清）对肺部良、恶性胸腔积液诊断价值。方法采用电化学发光免疫法检测76例胸腔积液患者胸腔积液与血清CEA、CA12-5水平及其比值分析。结果恶性组患者胸腔积液与血清的CEA、CA12-5水平及其比值均明显高于良性组,两组差异有统计学意义。结论检测患者胸腔积液与血清CEA、CA12-5水平及其比值对于鉴别患者胸腔积液的性质有指导性意义。     

浆膜腔积液系列检测对良恶性疾病的鉴别诊断

[目的]探讨浆膜腔积液系列检测在良恶性疾病的鉴别诊断中的意义。[方法]按照常规方法进行间皮细胞计数，同时进行细胞病理学检查是否有癌细胞；其它指标均按试剂盒说明书进行检测。[结果]间皮细胞百分数超过20％，CEA大于20ng／ml，对恶性浆膜腔积液的诊断准确率为98％；当两项指标均低于此值时，对良性浆膜腔积液的诊断准确率为91％。ADA小于45U／L，LZM低于40μg／ml时．对恶性浆膜腔积液的诊断准确率为78％，两项指标均高于此值时，对良性浆膜腔积液的诊断准确率为96％。LDH高于300U／L．AMY高于80U／L时，对恶性浆膜腔积液的诊断准确率为90％，两项指标均低于此值时，对良性浆膜腔积液的诊断准确率为71％。浆膜腔积液中查到癌细胞对恶性疾病的诊断准确率达100％，但是未查到癌细胞的并不一定都是良性疾病，本组资料的癌细胞的检出率为90．3％（28／30）。ALP、GGT、Pro、LAC、CER、Glu的检测在鉴别良恶性浆膜腔积液方面无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。[结论]间皮细胞百分数、找到癌细胞、ADA、LZM、LDH、AMY、CEA的检测在鉴别良恶性浆膜腔积液方面有显著性差异（P〈0．01），为两类浆膜腔积液的鉴别诊断提供了可靠的指标。因此在临床诊断中综合分析这些指标可以作为诊断依据，值得大力推广。     

Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of neurodegeneration in chronic neurological diseases

Chronic neurological diseases (CND) like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), dementia or multiple sclerosis (MS) share a chronic progressive course of disease that frequently leads to the common pathological pathway of neurodegeneration, including neuroaxonal damage, apoptosis and gliosis. There is an ongoing search for biomarkers that could support early diagnosis of CND and help to identify responders to interventions in therapeutic treatment trials. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a promising source of biomarkers in CND, since the CSF compartment is in close anatomical contact with the brain interstitial fluid, where biochemical changes related to CND are reflected. We review recent advances in CSF biomarkers research in CND and thereby focus on markers associated with neurodegeneration.     

Trace elements analysis of ascitic fluid in benign and malignant diseases

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate differences in ascitic fluid trace element concentrations which might be useful in discrimination between benign and malignant ascites. DESIGN AND METHODS: The concentrations of copper, zinc, magnesium and iron in ascitic fluid and venous blood in 17 patients were investigated. The relationship between these trace elements and type of disease were examined. Investigations were carried out in a group of 5 males and 5 females aged 54 to 77 yr who had cirrhosis ascites and in a group of 7 females aged 41 to 76 yr with ascites due to gynecologic neoplasms. RESULTS: The mean ascitic fluid and serum concentrations of copper were significantly higher in neoplastic diseases compared to benign disease states (118,43 vs. 97,50, 91,14 vs. 26.90) (p < 0,05 and p < 0,01 respectively). The zinc levels in ascitic fluid and serum were significantly different between the groups (p < 0,01). Neoplastic patients had significantly higher ascitic fluid magnesium levels than the benign disease group (2,17 vs. 1,55, p < 0,001). The serum levels of iron were significantly lower in the neoplastic diseases group (92, 28 vs. 255, p < 0, 01). In benign diseases the concentration of zinc in ascitic fluid correlated positively with ascitic fluid copper concentrations. The concentrations of zinc and iron in malignant ascites correlate positively with the magnesium concentrations. Statistically significant negative correlations were found between ascites zinc and magnesium and magnesium and copper in cirrhotic patients and magnesium and copper in malignant diseases. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that zinc, magnesium and iron levels were significantly different between cirrhotic and neoplastic illness. Analysis of serum and ascitic fluid trace element composition may be helpful in identifying and distinguishing the malignant and nonmalignant ascites and provides useful information on processes regulating passage of blood components into the peritoneal cavity.