巴马瑶族自治县居民膳食结构及营养状况评价

目的了解巴马县居民膳食结构与健康状况,为营养改善工作提供科学依据。方法运用分层整群抽样方法,抽取3个乡镇、6个村、540户,其中180户进行膳食调查、医学体检和血红蛋白、血糖测定。结果每标准人日摄入能量1897.1kcal,达推荐摄入量(RNI)的79.07%。蛋白质、脂肪摄入量分别为54.9g、73.8g,提供能量的比例分别为11.84%、35.80%。视黄醇、硫胺素、核黄素摄入分别为382.6μgRE、0.9mg、0.6mg,分别占RNI的53.05%、69.23%、53.85%。钙、铁、钠摄入量分别为226.8mg、16.2mg、4971.8mg,分别占适宜摄入量(AI)的26.29%、98.81%、264.42%。动物性食物提供的蛋白质占36.99%,动物性脂肪占脂肪总量的78.89%。营养不良率为14.47%,肥胖率为7.57%,超重率为3.29%,贫血率为26.35%。结论巴马县居民的营养摄入不甚理想,能量、蛋白质摄入偏低,钙及视黄醇摄入明显不足,钠的摄入量偏高。营养不良及贫血仍较严重。     

巴马瑶族自治县居民膳食营养与健康状况调查

目的了解巴马县居民膳食营养与健康状况,为营养改善工作提供科学依据。方法运用分层整群抽样方法,抽取3个乡镇、6个村、540户共2161例进行健康调查,其中180户746例进行膳食调查。用称重法获得每个家庭调味品的消费量,连续3天24h回顾法获得每个调查对象各类食物的进食量。测量身高、体重和测定血红蛋白,血清维生素A。结果每标准人日摄入能量1897.1kcal,达推荐摄入量(RNI)的79.1%。蛋白质、脂肪摄入量分别为56.4g、75.8g,提供能量的比例分别为11.84%、35.80%。视黄醇、硫胺素、核黄素摄入分别占RNI的53.05%、69.23%、53.85%。钙、铁、钠摄入量分别占适宜摄入量(AI)的26.29%、98.81%、264.43%。动物性食物提供的蛋白质占36.99%,动物性脂肪占总脂肪的78.98%。营养不良率为14.47%,肥胖率为7.57%,超重率为3.29%。贫血率为26.35%。结论巴马县居民的营养摄入还不理想,能量、蛋白质摄入还偏低,钙及视黄醇摄入明显不足,钠的摄入量偏高。营养不良及贫血发生率仍较高,营养相关慢性病发病情况也不容乐观。     

2002年海口市居民营养与健康状况调查

目的 了解和掌握居民营养与健康状况及其影响因素，为政府制定相关政策提供科学依据。方法 按照分层整群随机抽样方法抽取海口市542户居民进行膳食营养与健康状况调查，并对相关指标进行评价。结果居民动物性食物和植物油脂的摄入量比1992年明显增加，但谷类、蔬菜摄入量减少。蛋白质，脂肪摄入量充足，能量、钙、VitB1、VitB2、视黄醇摄入不足。居民贫血率为6．46％，其中60岁以上老年人、育龄妇女和婴幼儿贫血率分别为14．29％、13．85％和13．64％。成人超重率27．40％、肥胖率2．56％、高血压患病率23．39％、糖尿病患病率3．79％、空腹血糖受损率2．04％、血脂异常率16．34％。结论 海口市居民膳食质量明显提高，但膳食结构不尽合理，动物性食物及植物油脂摄入量过高，谷类和蔬菜摄入量偏低，造成蛋白质，脂肪供能比偏高，碳水化合物供能比降低。捉示居民因膳食失衡和不良生活方式导致的肥胖、糖尿病、高血压，高血脂等慢性病不容忽视。     

深圳市外来劳务工营养与膳食调查

目的了解深圳市外来劳务工膳食结构和营养状况,为开展营养教育和营养改善工作提供科学依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法抽取工业区集体食堂14所、830名劳务工进行膳食调查;用记账法获得每个集体食堂的调味品的消费量,连续3d 24h回顾法获得每个调查对象各类食物的进食量,与推荐摄入量（Recommended nutrientintakes,RNIs）、2002年广东省居民膳食调查结果进行比较,评价深圳市劳务工的膳食营养状况。结果每标准人日摄入畜禽类、食用油、食盐分别为124.0g、28.1g、7.8g,均高于推荐食物摄入量;水果、鱼虾类、奶类摄入量分别为39.3g、17.4g、23.2g,低于推荐食物摄入量。每标准人日摄入能量2 566.0kcal,占RNIs的107.0%;蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物的摄入量分别为75.8g、73.3g、389.0g,提供能量的比例分别为12.0%、26.3%、61.8%。维生素A、硫胺素、核黄素、维生素B6、叶酸和维生素C摄入量分别为514.0μgRE、0.9mg、0.8mg、0.3mg、60.6μg、85.9mg,分别仅占RNIs的64.3%、64.3%、57.1%、25.0%、15.2%、85.9%。钙、镁和锌摄入量分别为418.0mg、315.0mg、12.2mg,分别仅占RNIs的52.3%、90.0%、81.3%。结论深圳市外来劳务工人员膳食结构不尽合理。需加强合理营养、平衡膳食的宣传教育,防止营养相关慢性病发病率持续上升。     

泗水县居民营养与健康状况研究

目的探讨泗水县居民膳食结构与健康状况,为营养工作的改善提供科学依据。方法用分层整群抽样法抽取1552人,其中517人进行膳食调查。结果每标准人日摄入能量为推荐摄入量（RNI）的83.96%;摄入的蛋白质和脂肪所提供能量的比例分别为9.57%、32.13%;维生素A、B1、B2的摄入分别占RNI的54.73%、76.92%、61.53%;钙、钠摄入量分别占适宜摄入量（AI）的65.85%、189.45%;铁摄入量14.8mg,与AI基本相当。动物性食物提供的蛋白质占39.48%,动物性脂肪占脂肪总量的81.36%。营养不良率为12.51%,肥胖率为8.14%,超重率为5.47%,贫血率为18.45%。结论泗水县居民的营养搭配不平衡、膳食结构不合理,能量、蛋白质摄入偏低,钙及维生素摄入明显不足,钠的摄入量偏高。营养不良、贫血与肥胖、高血压并存。     

泗水县居民营养与健康状况研究

目的 探讨泗水县居民膳食结构与健康状况,为营养工作的改善提供科学依据. 方法 用分层整群抽样法抽取1552人,其中517人进行膳食调查. 结果 每标准人日摄入能量为推荐摄入量(RNI)的83.96%;摄入的蛋白质和脂肪所提供能量的比例分别为9.57%、 32.13%;维生素A、B1、B2的摄入分别占RNI的54.73%、76.92%、61.53%;钙、钠摄入量分别占适宜摄入量(AI)的65.85%、189.45%;铁摄入量 14.8mg,与AI基本相当.动物性食物提供的蛋白质占39.48%,动物性脂肪占脂肪总量的81.36%.营养不良率为12.51%,肥胖率为8.14%,超重率为5.47%,贫血率为18.45%.结论 泗水县居民的营养搭配不平衡、膳食结构不合理,能量、蛋白质摄入偏低,钙及维生素摄入明显不足,钠的摄入量偏高.营养不良、贫血与肥胖、高血压并存.     

青海高原居民膳食营养状况调查研究

对2002年青海高原居民膳食调查结果分析表明：每标准人日摄入食物总量908．60g。摄入营养素：能量1940．14kCal，蛋白质62．29g，脂肪67．39g，碳水化合物270．34g，雏生素摄入量占RNIs的55．38％～209．59％。矿物质以钙缺乏为显著，307．90mg，占RNIs的38．49％。膳食构成：蛋白质、能量的食物来源以谷类为主，分别占54．81％和59．05％。动物性食物占32．02％，且牧区高于城市和农村。谷类食物农村高于城市和牧区。脂肪：动物性食物占31．15％，植物性食物占68．85％。蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化舍物分别占供能比13．13％、30．46％、56．41％。     

宁夏农村居民膳食结构及营养状况调查分析

目的了解当前我区农村居民的膳食营养状况。方法我们于2004年7～8月采用3日称重记账法和体格检查，对随机抽样的229户农村回汉居民膳食结构与营养状况进行了调查。结果宁夏地区农民的膳食结构以谷类、薯类和蔬菜为主，豆类和动物性食品消费量极少；热能和多种营养素摄入充足，但视黄醇当量、核黄素、钙、锌、硒摄入严重不足，钠和铁的摄入量超标。居民营养不良、超重、肥胖构成百分比分别为11．9％和17．6％、15，5％，贫血检出率10，5％，VitA缺乏病的检出率为5，5％。结论我区农村居民已解决温饱，但总体营养水平偏低，食物摄入不平衡使营养不良与营养过剩并存。     

齐齐哈尔市某中专学校学生膳食营养状况的调查与浅析

目的了解齐齐哈尔市某中专学校学生膳食营养状况，并针对出现的问题提出改进措施。方法采用24h膳食记录及称重法调查某中专学校589名学生的膳食状况，并进行常规营养缺乏症体格捡查和实验室生化检验。结果男生能量的摄入占供给量（RDA）的98％，基本满足；女生占75％，显示不足。蛋白质摄入量仅占RDA的85．3％（男生）和72．9％（女生），且优质蛋白质不足，锌、视黄醇、硫胺素、核黄素、维生素C摄入不足，钙摄入量严重不足，仅占RDA的30.6％（男生）和31.4％（女生），膳食结构及三餐热能分配不合理，部分学生呈营养缺乏体征。结论该中专学校学生膳食营养结构显然有着很大的不足，建议调整膳食结构，增加副食摄入。提高优质蛋白质、矿物质、维生素等的摄入量。     

143例孕妇膳食营养状况分析

目的了解孕妇膳食营养摄入状况，为孕期营养指导提供依据。方法随机对143例不同孕期孕妇采用24小时回顾法进行膳食营养调查。用SY营养软件分析评价。结果①妊娠早、中、晚三期能量摄入量分别为RNI的74％、80％、91％；蛋白质摄入量分别为RNI的75％、84％、91％；脂肪摄入量分别为RNI的115％、118％、145％。妊娠早期能量和蛋白质的摄入量明显低于妊娠中期（P〈0．01）。②妊娠各期维生素E、维生素C的摄入量达到或超过RNI（AI）值，钙、锌、视黄醇、维生素B1、维生素B2摄入不足。结论孕妇膳食营养素摄入不平衡。应加强健康教育，加强孕期营养监测和膳食指导，促进孕妇科学合理的摄入营养。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.