School nurses and sex education: surveillance and disciplinary practices in primary schools

Title. School nurses and sex education: surveillance and disciplinary practices in primary schools Aim. This paper is a report of a study to explore how school nurses perceive the influence of schools on their role in delivering sex and relationship education in primary schools. Background. School nurses play a key role in sex education in English schools. However, sex education is a contentious issue meaning the sex education of children is often an area of tension within the curriculum. However, the impact of these tensions upon school nursing practice is poorly described. Method. Three focus groups with a convenience sample of 16 nurses experienced in conducting sex and relationship education were conducted during 2006. Focus groups were audio‐taped, transcribed verbatim and subjected to a thematic analysis. Findings. Four themes were identified in the data: ‘covert surveillance’ refers to school staff conducting clandestine surveillance of the classroom actions of the nurse; ‘overt surveillance’ reflects how nurses felt they were being openly monitored by teachers in the classroom; ‘Teacher attitude’ refers to the interventions of the supervising teacher in the classroom during the sex education session and ‘resistance practices’ detailed how nurses attempted to manage the disciplinary practices of the school. Conclusion. School nurses need to be pragmatic about the fact that there will be some attempts by the school to regulate sex education. Developing an early dialogue with the school can mediate this. Closer working practices and the involvement of school nurses in the development of sex education policy and practice is vital to ensure that they continue to make a valuable contribution to sex education in schools.     

Sexuality after hysterectomy: a review of the literature and discussion of nurses' role

AIM: To review the literature on studies of sexuality after hysterectomy and to identify barriers to nursing assessment of this aspect of human functioning. METHODS: Articles published between 1970 and 2002 on female sexuality, hysterectomy, and nursing assessment of sexuality were located using MEDLINE, CINAHL, Psychlit and Sociofile databases. Study findings were reviewed in relation to the effect of hysterectomy on sexuality, as well as women's perspectives on hysterectomy. Barriers to nursing assessment of sexual functioning are described with suggestions for inclusion of this topic in practice. CONCLUSIONS: There are very few nursing studies on the topic, which may reflect the lack of inclusion of sexual assessment and education in clinical practice. Reasons for this are discussed, and instruments used in sex research are described. There are a number of gaps in the knowledge base on to this topic. Future research in this area is needed to provide direction for nurses in this aspect of clinical practice.     

Diagnoses and Interventions Pertinent to Intellectual Disability Nursing*

PURPOSE. The field of intellectual disability care in Ireland has been undergoing significant change, and this has called into question the role of specialist intellectual disability nursing. This review aims to identify the diagnoses and interventions that are employed by intellectual disability nurses. DATA SOURCES. Exploration of the relevant professional literature, drawing on a broad scope of sources, was completed. DATA SYNTHESIS. Examination and discussion within the taxonomic structure of the Nursing Interventions Classification. CONCLUSIONS. Initial data set of diagnoses and interventions identified as a basis and justification for further systematic examination of specialist intellectual disability nursing practice. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE. Explication and elaboration of the contribution of specialist nursing within intellectual disability care settings.     

Advanced practice nurse attitudes toward sex offender patients

PURPOSE: To determine advanced practice nurses' (APNs') attitudes and behaviors toward patients in their practices who are registered sex offenders. DATA SOURCES: An online survey of 300 APN members of a local APN organization asking respondents to identify the behavioral actions they were likely to agree or disagree with when faced with a scenario of realizing that a sex offender was a patient in their practice. Sixty-nine respondents submitted completed surveys. CONCLUSIONS: There was an ambiguity of behavioral responses and no consensus among APNs on how to respond to the issue of a sex offender patient in a healthcare practice. There was also a lack of awareness of whether sex offenders were patients in their practice. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The modest number of respondents and their demographic homogeneity limit the ability to draw any conclusions or generalizations from this study. While awareness of a known sex offender in a practice is unlikely to alter direct patient care, it may have an impact on office policies and procedures and should be a consideration of all involved staff, including providers, ancillary team members, and administrative personnel.     

Perspectives of spiritual care for nurse managers

battey b.w. (2012) Journal of Nursing Management  20, 1012–1020
Perspectives of spiritual care for nurse managers Aim The purpose of this article is to explore the current status, perspectives and attitudes of nurse managers, nurses and others toward spiritual care. Background The nursing profession has not defined what is expected of the nurses and some question the need for teaching it in nursing education. The leadership roles of chief executive officers, nursing leaders, chaplains and others are considered. Gallup polls indicate people consider religion very important in their lives, but studies show patients report receiving none or limited care. Evaluation While the spiritual dimension of holistic care is considered essential to healing, its practice has yet to be achieved. Key issues Requirements and criteria are in place through accreditation agencies and professional codes identifying spiritual care as part of the role of nursing, but guidelines for implementing spiritual care are vague and broadly stated. Conclusions If nurse managers implement agency-wide programmes of spiritual care then clear direction can be provided for the nursing staff. Implications for nursing management An agency-wide programme of spiritual care practice for nurses needs to be developed not only to provide evidence for accreditation but also to provide guidelines for nursing staff.     

A Comparison of Anxiety and Depression in Sex Offenders with Intellectual Disability and a Control Group with Intellectual Disability

The aims of this study were to employ modified versions of the 21-item Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories with a group of 16 sex offenders with mild intellectual disability and borderline intelligence and 16 control participants with similar levels of intellectual disability. Test-retest correlations found high reliability for both assessments across all participants. There was a significant difference between the scores of the 2 groups with the sex offenders reporting significantly lower levels of anxiety and depression than the control participants. The results are discussed by presenting hypotheses on the emotional stability in each group.     

Informational needs about the effects of gynaecological cancer on sexuality: a review of the literature

? In order to develop a supportive and information‐giving intervention for women with gynaecological cancer, the effects of cancer on sexuality and the associated informational needs were reviewed. ? Pre‐diagnosis symptoms of gynaecological cancer which affect sexual function may resolve after treatment; these symptoms are often replaced by treatment‐associated effects on sexuality. ? Sexual dysfunction has been found even when women report regular intercourse and sexual satisfaction. ? Effects on sexuality seen at 6 months gradually resolve over time. However, women with cervical and ovarian cancer tend to attain better long‐term sexual function than those with vulvar and endometrial cancer. ? Specific sexuality information needs can be ascertained from the findings of qualitative studies in which the experience of sexuality, sexual adaptation and received information is described. ? Different sexuality information is needed at three time periods: diagnosis and treatment period; recovery and first intercourse; the period of rebuilding sexual life. ? The type of information and the time when it is needed are not necessarily the same for women and their partners.     

Unwanted sexual experiences reported by nursing students: implications for nurse education and training

Unwanted sexual experiences reported by nursing students: implications for nurse education and training ¶This study examined the nature and frequency of unwanted sexual experiences in childhood and adulthood reported by nursing students, using a questionnaire developed from the Sexual Events Questionnaire ( Calam & Slade). The questionnaire was distributed to 109 second-year nursing students (90 female and 19 male) for anonymous completion. At the same time a further short questionnaire asked students about their perceptions of the first questionnaire, and how far their course had, up to the present, included consideration of issues related to sexuality. A high level of unwanted sexual experiences was reported. For example: 49 (45·0%) reported having witnessed indecent exposure; 27 (24·8%) reported someone having 'tried unsuccessfully to have sexual intercourse with you against you will'; 14 (12·8%) reported someone having 'succeeded in having sexual intercourse with you against your will'. In the second questionnaire, 74·1% thought that consideration of human sexuality had so far been included in their course either 'not at all' or 'a little', with 19·4% responding 'quite a lot' or 'very much'. It is argued that there is a particular need, for personal and professional reasons, for nursing students to have opportunities to address any unresolved effects of unwanted sexual experiences, and that within the formal curriculum there should be greater consideration of issues related to human sexuality.     

山西省智力残疾抽样调查结果分析

目的了解山西省智力残疾的数量、发生率、结构、地区分布、致残原因、需求等。方法采用多阶段抽样方法,全省共抽取22个县(市、区),88个乡(镇、街道),共调查75016人。由经过培训的调查人员按照规定程序进行调查,并填写相关表格。结果本次调查结果显示,智力残疾人数占调查总人数的0.34%,以三、四级为主。男性以青年残疾发生率最高,女性以童年最高。青年组一、二级残疾比例大于其他年龄段。农村智力残疾发生率显著高于城市(P<0.001)。智力残疾主要致残原因是脑疾病、原因不明、遗传、惊厥性疾病、其他外伤。只有43.8%的残疾人群接受过服务和扶助情况,救助项目局限于医疗服务与救助、贫困残疾人救助与服务、康复训练与服务等少数几个方面。不同人群主要康复需求不同。结论山西省智力残疾现状较为乐观,不存在较大性别歧视。扩大残疾人群接受服务和扶助范围,根据不同人群需求提供有针对性措施以及强化农村防残治残工作是今后工作的重点。     

Disability, nursing research and the importance of reflexivity

Reflexivity has been viewed as a way of promoting quality within the research process. Its importance is highlighted in both the literature concerning nursing research and that which relates to disability research. However, whilst disabled people comprise a key client group for nurses the need for nurse researchers working in this field to adopt a reflexive approach to their work has not been explored in depth. In this paper the relevance of reflexivity to nursing research is discussed and current debates concerning disability research are explored. It is argued that there are particular reasons why it is necessary for nurse researchers to adopt a reflexive approach when focusing on disability. First, there is a need to examine closely the definitions of disability which underpin our research and practice. Second, it is noted that nurse researchers may be viewed as part of a system which disables people with impairments. Finally, it is important to reflect critically upon whose interests are served by such research. Some strategies for promoting reflexivity are also explored. It is concluded that a failure to address these issues via a process of critical reflection may mean that nursing research is viewed as unhelpful by disabled people. This in turn has implications for nursing practice.     

Forensic investigation of sex crimes in Colombia

Victimization by sexual assault has become not only a public health and safety issue but a way of life for many in Colombia. Poverty, gender inequality, and a lack of family and community support contribute to the cycle of sexual violence. Ineffective medico-legal systems have added to a rate of 93% for sex crimes that go without arrest or prosecution in Bogotá, the capital. Collaborative efforts are underway between the United States and Colombian governments to change the criminal justice system and strengthen forensic investigation of sex crimes in Colombia.     

Sexual problems before and after myocardial infarction: patients' needs for information.

Changes occur in an individual's lifestyle after a myocardial infarction (MI), including his or her sexual activity. This study evaluated problems related to post-MI sexual functioning and the information needs of MI patients. The study included 110 MI patients who had home visits within 2-5 months after their discharge from the hospital. Data were gathered through a questionnaire that was completed through personal interviews. The study sample was predominantly male (95.5%). All patients were married, and 25% were between the ages of 24 and 40 years. We identified unnecessary limitations in sexual activities and mistakes in the reorganization of activities, such as resumption of sexual activity and frequency and positions of sexual intercourse. We found that all 110 patients had insufficient information about their future sexual functioning.     

基层医院病区责任护士工作现状调查与分析

目的 明确基层医院整体护理模式病房责任护士工作定位,真正做到以患者为中心,促进整体护理持续发展.方法 对内外科6个不同专科12名责任护士每日实施护理项目时间及患者需求、满意度作跟踪调查.结果 病历书写、治疗、基础护理、专科护理、新患者处置、其他等项目分别占每日工时构成比26.6%、24.3%、15.2%、12.3%、9.7%、11.9%;外科责任护士基础护理时间明显多于内科,P＜0.05,其余护理项目实施时间内外科比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).患者对与治疗相关的需求总体满意度较高,而与生活护理、健康宣教相关的护理项目总体满意度较低.结论 责任护士工作现状影响整体护理发展,让责任护士用更多的时间"贴近临床、贴近患者"是深化护理改革的关键.