特发性甲状旁腺功能减退误诊为癫痫1例分析

对特发性甲状旁腺功能减退误诊为癫痫1例分析如下。 1病历摘要 男，21岁。主因发作性肢体抽搐3a，加重1个月入院。患者缘于入院前3a无明显诱因出现肢体抽搐，表现为双上肢屈曲，双下肢伸直，牙关紧闭，呼之不应，伴小便失禁，持续约2min缓解，于当地医院查头颅CT未见异常，     

1例特发性直立性低血压综合征的护理

患者,男性,72岁,主因“发作性晕厥3年,加重1个月”于2008年9月入院。3年前患者无明显诱因发作摔倒,意识丧失,1～2min意识恢复,不伴肢体活动不利,言语不利。反复发作2次,外院诊断为“特发性直立性低血压”。此后,仍有反复发作晕厥摔倒,饮水呛咳,食欲差。1个月前患者再次发作头晕摔倒,伴黑朦,头痛,意识丧失,持续时间不详。     

以发作性吐唾沫为临床表现的癫痫1例

患者,女,12岁,发作性吐唾沫3年。3年前患者开始无诱因出现发作性吐唾沫,伴流涎、言语不能。发作前数秒钟患者有恐惧感,但无幻嗅等感觉异常,不伴意识障碍、昏倒、瞪视、肢体抽搐,咀嚼、摸索动作及大小便失禁。吐唾沫及流涎持续约1～2min后自行停止。发作后对发作过程能回忆,但感全身乏力、思睡,休息30min～数小时恢复正常。患者发作呈反复性,严重时每日均有发作,近1周共发2次。     

肾上腺脑白质营养不良1例临床分析

1临床资料 患者,男,6岁,因“发作性左侧肢体抽搐5月,反应迟钝20d”于2009年4月20日入院。家属代诉：患者5个月前无明显诱因出现发作性左侧肢体抽搐,发作时伴意识丧失,双眼上翻,发作时间持续几分钟至十几分钟不等,20d前出现反应迟钝。病程中无发热、头痛、恶心、呕吐,无明显精神、     

嗜酸细胞性脉络丛乳头状瘤1例

患者男性，57岁。右侧肢体无力10个月，加重伴头痛2个月。患者10个月前无明显诱因出现一侧肢体无力，行走时易向右侧摔倒。头颅CI‘示全脑室系统扩大，考虑为老年性脑萎缩。2个月前上述症状加重，且出现发作性头痛、头晕，每次持续3-5min，并伴视力明显下降。MRI示第四脑室下部占位，考虑为脉络丛乳头状瘤可能；梗阻性积水。行第     

脑裂头蚴病1例

1临床资料患者,男,21岁,秦皇岛人,汉族,因“发作性肢体抽搐3年”入院。患者自2003年起无明显诱因出现发作性右侧肢体抽搐,每次持续数10s,不伴意识丧失、大小便失禁,未予诊治,但症状逐渐加重。2005年起出现发作性四肢抽搐,伴意识丧失,双眼上翻、凝视,脸色苍白,口吐白沫,小便失禁     

胰岛B细胞瘤误诊一例报告

男，66岁。因反复发作性心慌、出汗、意识模糊、精神异常1年，加重2个月入院。患者1年前无明显诱因出现心慌、出汗、意识模糊，伴躁动不安、哭闹等，无大小便失禁、抽搐及肢体活动受限，每次发作持续1～3h，多发生于傍晚，尤以情绪激动、活动或劳累时易发作。当地医院怀疑为“老年痴呆症”，给予阿司匹林等药物治疗，     

以癫痫发作为主要表现的Fahr病一家系报告

患者女,28岁,因“发作性肢体抽搐伴意识障碍16h”于2009年1月12日入院。患者人院前16h（约凌晨3时）无明显诱因出现两眼上翻,四肢强直伴抽搐,有意识障碍,伴恶心、呕吐,约5～6min自行缓解,入院前共发作3次,既往无类似发作史,无甲状腺疾病、颅内感染、慢性腹泻、中毒、外伤及精神刺激等病史,母亲生产时有难产史,自幼智力障碍。家族中祖母和姐姐有类似症状,均有癫痫发作,其祖母智力正常,其姐姐也有智力障碍,见家系图（图1）。     

以"发作性肌肉疼痛"为首发症状的甲状腺功能亢进性周期性麻痹一例

患者男,30岁.因"发作性双下肢肌肉疼痛1月余,加重伴双上肢疼痛3 d"入院.入院前1个月,患者无明显诱因出现三次发作性双大腿肌肉疼痛,每次持续数小时,休息时缓解,活动后加重,无肢体抽搐,无肢体无力,未予特殊处理.入院前20 d,患者于正常上班后突然出现双下肢大腿肌群疼痛,不能站立行走、起卧困难.     

脑灰质异位症1例

脑灰质异位症（heterotopicgraymatter，HGM）是一种少见的先天性疾病，随着医学影像学的发展，逐渐被临床所认识，现报告1例。1 病例 患者：男，20岁。主诉发作性抽搐伴左半身麻木10年。患者于10岁时无明显诱因出现左侧肢体阵发性抽搐，抽搐时患者自觉左侧半身麻木，无意识障碍，无尿便失禁，     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.