九江市某高校大学生自我药疗认知调查

目的了解大学生自我药疗认知情况。方法采用整群抽样的方法,自行设计问卷,对在校大一、大二学生进行自我药疗认知问卷调查。结果调查对象对设计问题回答的正确率较低。结论大学生对自我药疗的认知有很多空白,有必要对大学生这一特殊群体实行有效的干预措施,提高大学生的健康意识和自我药疗水平。     

The prevalence and characterization of self-medication for obtaining pain relief among undergraduate nursing students

This study investigates the prevalence of self-medication among undergraduate nursing students seeking to relieve pain and characterizes the pain and relief obtained through the used medication. This epidemiological and cross-sectional study was carried out with 211 nursing students from a public university in Goiás, GO, Brazil. A numerical scale (0-10) measured pain intensity and relief. The prevalence of self-medication was 38.8%. The source and main determining factor of this practice were the student him/herself (54.1%) and lack of time to go to a doctor (50%), respectively. The most frequently used analgesic was dipyrone (59.8%) and pain relief was classified as good (Md=8.5;Max=10;Min=0). The prevalence of self-medication was higher than that observed in similar studies. Many students reported that relief obtained through self-medication was good, a fact that can delay the clarification of a diagnosis and its appropriate treatment.     

武汉市城区居民自我药物治疗现状调查

目的 了解湖北省武汉市城区居民患病后采取自我药物治疗的原因.方法 采取分层随机抽样方法.由调查员对抽取的居民进行现场问卷调查.结果 居民患病后采取自我药物治疗的前3位原因依次是病情较轻(36.7%)、以前患过类似疾病(29.6%)和节约费用(16.9%).不同年龄居民因病情较轻和节约费用而采取自我药物治疗的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);不同收入水平和受教育程度居民为节约费用而采取自我药物治疗的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 居民主要是对轻微的常见疾病进行自我药物治疗.低收入水平居民、低受教育程度居民、中老年居民更多的是为了节约费用而采取自我药物治疗.     

Self-medication among primary care patients in Farazdak Clinic in Riyadh

Four hundred and thirty new adult patients were interviewed using a questionnaire for their attitudes and practices regarding self-medication. 69% of the patients were males and 40% were Saudis. 58% of the patients attempted self-medication due to the triviality of their symptoms or to save time and money. They used mostly analgesics, vitamins, tonics and oral antibiotics. 41.6% of the patients did not practise self-medication because of lack of information about the drugs or for fear of complications. Self-medication was associated with literacy and morbidity. Literate patients self-medicated significantly more than illiterates. Patients who perceived their symptoms as minor self-medicated significantly more than those who perceived them as major. No association was found between self-medication and age, sex or occupation.     

2017－2018年流感流行季儿童接种流感疫苗效果社区队列研究

目的 评价6~72月龄儿童接种流感疫苗效果。方法 采用社区队列研究设计,2017年10-12月,从浙江省永康和义乌两市10家儿童接种门诊招募了1 752名6~72月龄儿童。每名儿童入队列后,完成知情同意和问卷调查,并随访至2018年4月30日,观察记录流感样病例（ILI）发病、门诊就诊和自行服药及流感疫苗接种情况。以ILI、门诊就诊和自行服药的发生次数为因变量,采用广义线性模型（GLM）拟合,估算流感疫苗效果（VE）值。结果 1 752名儿童中,男童925名（52.80%）,月龄M=30.00月,累计随访观察308 166人天,平均每天有5.27‰发生ILI、3.41‰因ILI去医院门诊就诊、1.45‰因ILI自行服药治疗;共有643名儿童接种了流感疫苗,与未接种儿童相比,流感疫苗对ILI、门诊就诊和自行服药的VE值分别为23.5%（95% CI：15.1%~31.1%）、19.3%（95% CI：8.2%~29.1%）和25.8%（95% CI：9.3%~39.3%）。643名接种儿童,接种后与接种前比,流感疫苗针对36~72月龄儿童ILI、门诊就诊和自行服药的VE值分别为31.9%（95% CI：12.7%~46.9%）、32.6%（95% CI：8.6%~50.3%）和44.3%（95% CI：11.9%~64.8%）,而对6~35月龄儿童,VE值均无统计学意义。2016-2018年流感疫苗不同接种暴露VE值评估,两个流感流行季均有接种史的,仅2017-2018年流感流行季有接种史的,流感疫苗VE值,均有统计学意义;仅2016-2017年流感流行季有接种史的,VE值均无统计学意义。结论 流感流行季接种流感疫苗一定程度可预防ILI发病、门诊就诊和自行服药,且对36~72月龄儿童保护效果优于6~35月龄儿童。     

Survey of ototopical self medication among patients attending ENT and family medicine departments in a Nigerian hospital

Abstract

Background: Ototopical self-medication is a common practice in Nigeria. Objective: The aim of the study was to establish the proportion of patients with otological problems that practice ototopical self-medication. Methods: A 12-week cross-sectional study of all the new patients attending the general outpatient (also called family medicine (FM)) and ear, nose and throat (ENT) departments of a Nigerian specialist hospital was carried out. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on bio data, practice of ototopical self medication among new patients with otological problems, the drugs used and the reasons for engaging in the practice. The results were analysed using SPSS version 11 and presented in Tables. Results: Out of 3276 patients that visited the hospital during the study period, 402 had otological problems. Of these, 125 (31%) used ototopical self-medication, giving a hospital incidence of 3.8%. 115 (92%) patients consented to fill in the questionnaire on the self-use of ototopical agents. Otalgia was the most common indication (27%) for ototopical self-medication. Gentamycin and Chloramphenicol topical agents were the most commonly used by the study participants. A total of 39 participants (34%) reported to have used non-prescribed self-medication because it was time saving. In 69 of the participants (60%), the drugs were self recommended while chemists and nurses recommended their use in 23 (20%) and 22 (19%) participants, respectively.

Conclusion: In Nigeria, there is a need for public enlightenment and health education about the possible drawbacks of this practice.     

河南省新乡市儿童家庭自我药疗行为的潜类别分析

目的 通过潜类别分析了解河南省儿童家庭自我药疗行为,并分析不同潜类别组的人群特征,为开展有针对性的宣传教育提供依据。方法 招募河南省新乡市及其所辖县城、乡镇18岁以上家有儿童的女性作为调查对象。利用分层随机抽样方法,在新乡市所辖县中,利用抽签随机抽样法随机抽取2个县城,再在这2个县所辖乡镇中利用抽签随机抽样法各随机抽取2乡镇,在市区、县城及乡镇的热闹地方通过拦截方式获得调查对象。共收回有效问卷849份。利用SAS外挂模块Proc LCA进行潜类别分析,不同潜类别组人群特征利用构成比进行描述,利用卡方检验进行不同潜类别组间的差异性分析。结果 27.21%对象的儿童家庭自我药疗行为不良,17.20%对象的儿童家庭自我药疗行为良好,10.60%的对象购药行为不良,44.99%的对象服药行为不良。自我药疗行为良好组与自我药疗行为不良组和购药行为不良组的相关知识得分存在统计学差异（P<0.05）,而未发现其知识得分与服药行为不良组存在统计学差异（P>0.05）。与市区居民相比,县城和农村居民购药行为较差（〖XC小五号.EPS;P〗=13.04,P=0.0045）;祖辈给儿童自我用药行为较差（〖XC小五号.EPS;P〗=9.87,P=0.0197）;初中及以下教育程度者儿童家庭自我药疗行为较差（〖XC小五号.EPS;P〗=11.57,P=0.0090）。结论 河南省儿童家庭自我药疗行为不良者较多,尤其是服药行为不良者众多;县城和农村居民、祖辈、受教育程度低者给儿童用药时具有较多不良行为,应加强对这部分人群的健康教育。     

Self-medication among university students in Hong Kong

Five hundred and sixty-three university students were interviewed to survey the practice of self-medication which was found to be very prevalent (94.0%). The most commonly used items included remedies for cough and cold, antipyretics and analgesics. Topical preparations and Chinese herbal medicines were also frequently consumed. Self-medication items were mostly obtained from home medicine cabinets and pharmacy shops (not necessarily staffed by registered pharmacists) and they also relied heavily on family members and previous illness experience for information on the medications they took. The healthcare professionals only played a minor role in the provision of drug information. Nevertheless, the concept of self-medication is well-established among these university students as they recognised that minor illness could be cared for without seeing a doctor. Healthcare professionals should assume more active roles in the provision of drug information and counselling so that a good self-care programme could be established.     

Self-medication and non-doctor prescription practices in Pokhara valley, Western Nepal: a questionnaire-based study

Background

Self-medication and non-doctor prescribing of drugs is common in developing countries. Complementary and alternative medications, especially herbs, are also commonly used. There are few studies on the use of these medications in Pokhara Valley, Western Nepal.

Methods

Previously briefed seventh semester medical students, using a semi-structured questionnaire, carried out the study on 142 respondents. Demographic information and information on drugs used for self-medication or prescribed by a non-allopathic doctor were collected.

Results

Seventy-six respondents (54%) were aged between 20 to 39 years. The majority of the respondents (72 %) stayed within 30 minutes walking distance of a health post/medical store. 59% of these respondents had taken some form of self-medication in the 6-month period preceding the study. The common reasons given for self-medication were mild illness, previous experience of treating a similar illness, and non-availability of health personnel. 70% of respondents were prescribed allopathic drugs by a non-allopathic doctor. The compounder and health assistant were common sources of medicines. Paracetamol and antimicrobials were the drugs most commonly prescribed. A significantly higher proportion of young (<40 years) male respondents had used self-medication than other groups.

Conclusions

Self-medication and non-doctor prescribing are common in the Pokhara valley. In addition to allopathic drugs, herbal remedies were also commonly used for self-medication. Drugs, especially antimicrobials, were not taken for the proper duration. Education to help patients decide on the appropriateness of self-medication is required.     

合肥市青少年及幼儿腹泻自我用药与影响因素的流行病学研究

于１９９５年４月对合肥市城区青少年及幼儿进行为期一年（１９９４．４．１－１９９５．３．３１）的感染性腹泻的自我用药调查。结果表明：自我用药率为２３．５％，且随年龄增高而增加，其影响因素药物的可行性、母亲门诊药费能否报销、母亲文化程度、患者年龄和症状。     

师范专业学生非处方药与家庭用药健康教育的效果评价

目的评价师范专业学生非处方药与家庭用药健康教育的效果。方法运用多媒体课堂教学的方式进行非处方药与家庭用药健康教育。采用自制的非处方药与家庭用药知识问卷进行现况调查和队列研究。结果通过该公共选修课的学习,师范专业学生对非处方药与家庭用药知识的知晓率明显提高,平均得分为92.0±14.6分,高于教育前52.2±15.2分,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。师范暴露组对非处方药的定义、标识、药物有效期、储藏条件、活菌药物的性质等知晓率有显著提高,对药物半衰期、剂型特点、抗生素滥用等知识点的掌握程度也有大幅度的提高。结论对师范专业学生开展非处方药与家庭用药健康教育不仅非常有必要,而且取得了很好的效果。     

苏州市5岁以下社区儿童腹泻发病及就诊情况调查

  目的  了解苏州市5岁以下社区儿童腹泻病的发生及就诊情况,为相关卫生政策的制定提供参考。  方法  采用重复横断面调查的设计和分层随机抽样的方法,了解儿童过去1月内的腹泻病发生及就诊情况。  结果  苏州市5岁以下儿童过去1月内腹泻病发生率为3.39%,平均每人每年腹泻0.41次;腹泻后的就诊率为72.50%。其中6月龄~1岁组儿童腹泻发生率最高为5.97%(χ2 =126.52, P < 0.001)。不同季节儿童腹泻的就诊率差异无统计学意义,就诊行为模式相对固定,未就诊首要原因是家长认为病情不重,未就诊腹泻儿童首选自行服药治疗。  结论  苏州市5岁以下社区儿童腹泻疾病负担值得重视,特别是低年龄婴幼儿;应加强对儿童家长相关宣教,进一步完善医疗卫生建设,加强儿童腹泻病监测。     

Family self-medication and antibiotics abuse for children and juveniles in a Chinese city

To identify the determinants of self-medication and antibiotics abuse by parents treating their children aged between 2 and 18 over the previous year, an investigation was conducted in Hefei City, China in April, 1995. A total of 1596 students from a kindergarten, a primary school and a high school were included in the study, and 1459 completed questionnaires were collected (the response rate: 91.4%). The results showed the rate of parental self-medication for their children in the sample was 59.4%. It increased with children's age; about 51% of children had received parental self-medication on six or more occasions during the 1-year period and 32.8% on four to five occasions; there were associations between parental self-prescribers and sources of medicine and severity of disease. The rate of antibiotics abuse was 35.7%. Logistic regression analysis showed that there were significant associations between self-medication and payment of the mother's medical fees by employers, severity of diseases as well as the mother's educational level.     

Bambuí Project: a qualitative approach to self-medication

Representations related to self-medication were investigated, seeking to identify contextual elements that can reinforce or inhibit such practice. An anthropological approach based on the model of signs, meanings, and actions was used. Twenty-nine inhabitants from the town of Bambuí, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, were interviewed (17 women and 12 men), selected among participants in a health survey that had been on medication in the previous 90 days. The research focused on the identification of different types of self-medication practiced by the interviewee or by a relative, and then "ways of thinking and behaving" associated with this practice were investigated. The influence of pharmacists/drugstore sales attendants as well as family and friends, perception of the health problem as transitory and a minor issue, familiarity with and easy access to certain pharmaceuticals, as well as difficulties in access to (and negative assessment of) health care were determinant factors for self-medication.     

Reasons for Self-Medication and Perceptions of Risk Among Mexican Migrant Farm Workers

Although the frequency of self-medication among Mexican migrants has been well-documented in the public health literature, the multiple reasons for this practice are poorly understood. Most studies point to migrants' cultural preferences for Mexican medications, their prior experiences in countries where antibiotics are loosely regulated, and their lack of access to health care as the primary factors behind their self-medication. Based on participant observation and in-depth interviews with 23 Mexican migrants in a farm working community in the interior of California, we argue that occupational vulnerability is an equally important factor that encourages self-medication. All 23 of our interviewees reported having engaged in some degree of self-medication, notable in this location 8 h from the US-Mexico border. Among interviewees, occupational vulnerability represented an even more important factor influencing self-medication than lack of health insurance or lack of legal documentation. While interviewees did express a preference for Mexican medications as more potent and effective, this did not necessarily translate to a preference for using them without a doctor's supervision. Finally, we show that rather than remaining unaware of the risks of following this custom "transported from Latin America", Mexican migrants devised an elaborate hierarchy of resort of the safest self-medication practices to follow.