超声引导下粗针穿刺活检在甲状腺疾病诊断中的应用

[摘要] 目的 探讨超声引导下粗针穿刺活检(ultrasound-guided Core-needle biopsy ,US-CNB) 在甲状腺疾病诊断中的应用。方法 对2004年5月～2013年3月在我院手术的146例甲状腺疾病患者共计152个甲状腺结节术前进行超声引导下粗针穿刺活检,将穿刺病理与手术病理结果进行对照,并分析其超声图像特点。结果 152个粗针穿刺病理报告中,恶性92个,术后病检证实其中90例确诊为甲状腺癌,2例为良性病变;甲状腺良性病变56个 ,术后病检其中2例为甲状腺癌;未明确诊断者4个,术后病检3例为良性,1例为甲状腺癌,USCNB对直径>0.7cm的结节穿刺确诊率较高,甲状腺粗针穿刺活检的敏感度、特异度、准确率分别为：96.7%、91.5%、94.7%。结论 USCNB对甲状腺疾病确诊率因结节直径大小不同而有差异,超声引导下甲状腺粗针穿刺活检操作简单,定位准确,创伤小,并发症少,准确性高,是非手术条件下取得病检的首选方法。     

甲状腺结节大小对超声引导下细针穿刺活检诊断效能的关联性分析

目的分析甲状腺结节大小对超声引导下细针穿刺活检诊断效能的关联性。方法选取本院于2017年1月至2019年12月行超声引导下细针穿刺活检以诊断甲状腺结节的患者62例的临床资料,对以上患者进行回顾性分析。根据甲状腺结节的大小分为三个组,A组≤10mm,B组10～20mm,C组≥20mm。总结患者施行超声引导下甲状腺结节细针穿刺诊断,以手术病理为金标准,比较超声引导下细针穿刺活检检查各组甲状腺结节的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确率。结果对78个穿刺所得的结节进行分类,A、B、C组无诊断意义率分别为5/34(14.7%)、3/21(14.3%)、3/23(13.4%),各组间差异比较不具备统计学意义,P0.05。A、B、C组间的敏感度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确率比较差异不显著,不具备统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对甲状腺结节患者予以超声引导,各结节的大小对超声引导下细针穿刺活检诊断效能未见明显的影响。     

甲状腺结节超声引导下粗针穿刺组织学活检的有效性研究

目的研究甲状腺结节超声引导下粗针穿刺(US－CNB)组织学活检的有效性,探讨其对甲状腺结节的诊断价值。 方法回顾性分析2009年6月至2016年6月行术前US－CNB的2 051例患者的2 286个结节的病理诊断,将其中在本院行手术切除的530个甲状腺结节纳入本研究。以术后组织病理学为金标准,采用SPSS 19.0统计软件分析处理数据,分析US－CNB病理诊断的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确度,并用ROC曲线对比粗针穿刺活检病理结果及手术病理结果。 结果US－CNB的2 286个甲状腺结节中仅2例取材不成功,2 284个(99.9%)结节取材切片成功,得到组织病理诊断;530个术后结节的US－CNB的诊断敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确度分别99.8%、86.5%、98.6%、97.8%和98.5%。 结论由于US－CNB对甲状腺结节有很高的取材成功率及病理诊断准确率,从而对甲状腺结节有很高的术前诊断价值。     

甲状腺结节应用甲状腺细针穿刺辅助检查临床价值分析

目的探讨超声引导下甲状腺细针穿刺辅助检查应用于甲状腺结节中的诊断价值。方法选取2013年1月至2016年6月94例甲状腺结节患者作为本次研究对象,分别采用超声引导下甲状腺细针穿刺联合超声、常规超声检查,以手术组织病理结果为最终诊断标准。统计各组检查准确度、特异度、敏感度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值。结果超声引导下甲状腺细针穿刺联合常规超声检查组(联合组)检查敏感度明显高于常规超声组,P0.05。常规超声组检查特异度明显高于联合组,P0.05。两组间准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值相比,P0.05。结论临床应用超声引导下甲状腺细针穿刺联合超声诊断甲状腺结节均具有较高诊断价值,有利于及早发现、诊断早期甲状腺结节的恶变,为患者预后改善提供参考。     

超声引导下微创组织活检技术在甲状腺外科的应用

目的 探讨超声引导下微创组织活检技术在甲状腺疾病诊治中的指导意义.方法 总结吉林大学中日联谊医院甲状腺外科2008年10月至2009年7月间,117例(共131个结节,结节直径大小在0.5～1.5 cm之间,平均直径约0.8 cm)甲状腺疾病患者,行超声引导微创组织活检的临床资料并进行分析.结果 117例患者,活检取材满意,行组织活检后均未出现明显不适及活检后并发症.其中59例患者活检后行手术治疗,仅有2例术前活检病理与术后石蜡病理未完全符合;未行手术治疗的58例患者,结合症状、查体、甲状腺功能和彩色多普勒超声等辅助检查,行对症治疗并定期复查,症状及彩色多普勒超声下影像均有明显好转,治疗效果良好.117例微创组织活检患者中8例同时行颈部肿大淋巴结活检,活检病理与术后石蜡病理结果一致(7例为转移癌,1例为反应性增生),准确率为100%.结论 超声引导下微创组织活检术对甲状腺疾病的诊治有重要的指导意义,临床符合率高,特别是对于微小结节的术前诊断具有较高的价值,既可避免不必要的过度治疗,又可减少甲状腺癌的漏诊,同时本技术具有简便易行、安全准确的优点,在甲状腺外科具有一定的临床应用价值.     

超声引导下甲状腺细针穿刺辅助检查应用于甲状腺结节中的诊断价值

目的对甲状腺结节患者进行超声引导下甲状腺细针穿刺辅助检查,探讨其诊断价值。方法选取医院2017年11月至2018年6月收治的甲状腺结节患者64例,采用常规超声检查与超声引导下甲状腺细针穿刺辅助检查,分别作为对照组与研究组,诊断标准最终以手术组织病理结果作为参照,对两组诊断的准确度、灵敏度及特异度进行统计比较。结果对照组诊断准确度、灵敏度及特异度分别为79.7%、72.0%、84.6%,研究组诊断准确度、灵敏度及特异度分别为96.9%、100.0%、95.2%,研究组上述各指标与对照组比较均明显提高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对甲状腺结节患者进行超声引导下甲状腺细针穿刺辅助检查具有较高的诊断价值,有助于临床对甲状腺结节恶变情况进行及早发现与诊断,可作为甲状腺结节治疗方案的重要依据。     

超声引导下细针穿刺活检和实时弹性成像联合应用诊断可疑甲状腺结节的价值

目的探讨超声引导下细针穿刺活检和实时弹性成像联合应用对可疑甲状腺结节的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析常规超声检查中定性困难的84例共105个可疑甲状腺结节,均同时接受实时弹性成像、超声引导下细针穿刺检查。将弹性评分结果、超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学结果与最终证实结果进行对照分析。结果在纳入研究的105个甲状腺结节中,良性病变68个(68/105,64.76%),恶性病变37个(37/105,35.24%)。常规超声联合实时弹性成像评估甲状腺结节的敏感度为72.97%(27/37),特异度为30.88%(21/68),准确率为45.71%(48/105)。细针穿刺细胞病理学诊断的敏感度为75.68%(28/37),特异度为88.24%(60/68),准确率为83.81%(88/105)。细针穿刺细胞学与常规超声联合实时弹性成像结果比较,特异度、准确率差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论超声弹性成像技术和超声引导下细针穿刺活检在评估甲状腺结节的过程中均存在局限性,联合应用可提高对于可疑结节的诊断准确率。     

超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学检查对长径≤5mm甲状腺微小癌的诊断价值

目的探讨超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学检查(ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy,US-FNAB)对长径≤5 mm甲状腺微小癌的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析我院2013年6月~2015年3月超声引导下细针穿刺294例甲状腺结节患者的298个最大径线≤5 mm的结节,分析穿刺细胞学诊断资料与手术病理及临床随访结果。结果 298个结节中,经细胞学诊断恶性结节172个,良性结节126个;经术后病理学或临床随访证实恶性结节173个,良性结节125个。细针穿刺细胞学检查的敏感度为96.0%(166/173),特异度为95.2%(119/125),准确率为95.6%(285/298),阳性预测值为96.5%(166/172),阴性预测值为94.4%(119/126)。结论 US-FNAB对长径≤5 mm的甲状腺微小癌有很高的应用价值。     

超声引导下穿刺活检联合超声造影在甲状腺结节良恶性诊断中的价值

目的 探索超声引导下穿刺活检联合超声造影在甲状腺结节良恶性诊断中的价值。方法 回顾性分析于2019年6月至2021年12月在本院行因各种原因行甲状腺结节切除术的患者66例的资料。所有患者均接受术前甲状腺超声造影、穿刺活检。以术中冰冻切片作为金标准，分别比较超声造影和穿刺活检的特异度、灵敏度和曲线下面积。以术中冰冻病理切片为金标准，将患者分为恶性组和良性组，比较两组患者的超声造影的影像学特征及差异。结果 66例患者共计检出87个甲状腺结节，含21例恶性（29个结节），45例良性（58个结节）。超声造影的特异度和灵敏度分别为68.97%(40/58)和72.41%(21/29)；穿刺活检的特异度和灵敏度分别为81.03%(47/58)和82.76%(24/29)；两者联合的特异度和灵敏度分别为94.83%(55/58)和96.55%(28/29)。各项检查方式之间的灵敏度和特异度差异均显著，P<0.05。良性结节和恶性结节的造影结果也存在显著差异（P<0.05）。结论 超声引导下穿刺活检联合超声造影对甲状腺结节良恶性鉴别诊断的价值较高，值得临床推广。     

超声引导下粗针穿刺快速活检在乳腺肿块诊断中的应用

为评价超声引导下粗针穿刺活检术 (US CNB) 快速石蜡 (快蜡 )的临床应用价值 ,将 3 2例乳腺肿块患者先后进行粗针穿刺和切除活检 ,分送快蜡、术中冷冻及石蜡切片病理检查。结果示 ,以石蜡切片检查结果为诊断标准 ,快蜡的确诊率为 90 .6% ,术中冷冻为 96.8% (P >0 .0 5 ) ,两者均无假阳性。提示粗针穿刺活检 快蜡可以明确术前诊断 ,缩短手术时间 ,可望能取代手术活检。     

细针穿刺细胞学检查联合超声造影诊断桥本甲状腺炎合并结节价值研究

目的 探讨细针穿刺细胞学检查（FNA）、超声造影（CEUS）联合应用对桥本甲状腺炎合并结节良恶性诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析滨州医学院附属医院经手术病理学检查证实的桥本甲状腺炎合并甲状腺结节68个,分别以CEUS动脉期早期不均匀低增强,Bethesda报告系统分类大于Ⅳ级作为甲状腺癌的诊断标准,分析FNA、CEUS联合应用的诊断价值。结果 两种方法联合应用与单独使用一种方法比较在敏感度、准确率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值方面差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,而FNA诊断的特异度均高于CEUS及联合应用,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 FNA对桥本甲状腺炎合并结节良恶性诊断方面具有较高的诊断特异度,CEUS与FNA联合应用并未提高诊断准确率。     

Adequacy of surgeon-performed ultrasound-guided thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy

OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of specimens obtained by a surgeon performing office-based ultrasound (US)-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of thyroid nodules. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: From 2003 to 2006, a single surgeon performed 447 consecutive office-based US-guided FNABs without on-site cytological specimen evaluation. Adequate specimens had at least six clusters of follicular cells from at least two separate needle passes. RESULTS: Non-diagnostic specimens occurred in 16 of 447 (3.6%) nodules, whereas suboptimal specimens occurred in 17 of 447 (3.8%). Adequate samples were obtained in 413 of 447 (92.6%) of specimens. Malignancy was present in 20 of 447 (4.5%) and atypical features were present in 37 of 447 (8.3%). Benign diagnoses were rendered in 357 of 447 (79.9%) of specimens, of which four of 357 (1.1%) represented false-negative results. CONCLUSION: Prior publications recommend that obtaining adequate thyroid cytology specimens requires use of US-guided FNAB and on-site evaluation of cytology adequacy. This study demonstrates that a combination of experienced US guidance, both capillary and aspiration sampling, and three to four needle passes produce comparable results while conserving costs and resources.     

Needle biopsy of nodular thyroid disease

To evaluate nodular thyroid disease, 150 patients underwent 169 fine needle biopsies (FNB) and recently 28 have also had core needle biopsies (CNB). Multiple biopsies were required in 19 patients because of multiple lesions, reaccumulation of cysts, follow-up of nodules failing to regress, or inadequate material. Adequate material was obtained in 97 per cent of FNB and 92 per cent of CNB. FNB and CNB agreed in 20 of 28 cases. There were no complications with FNB and one patient (4%) hemorrhaged with CNB. Forty nine patients underwent thyroidectomy. Postoperative diagnoses include papillary carcinoma (9), follicular carcinoma (2), lymphoma (2), medullary carcinoma (1), metastatic carcinoma (1), benign nodular goiter (14), follicular neoplasm (15), and thyroiditis (5). Sixty per cent of patients avoided surgery, 61 per cent of operated specimens contained neoplasia and 31 per cent contained malignancy. Eighty seven per cent of malignancies were identified at the initial evaluation. FNB had 86 per cent sensitivity for neoplasia and 44 per cent specificity for neoplasm (94% for papillary carcinoma). CNB had 89 per cent sensitivity and 67 per cent specificity for neoplasm. FNB and CNB are useful means of assessing thyroid nodules for the presence of cancer. They can decrease the need for diagnostic thyroidectomy. However, clinical evaluation must still be used in conjunction when determining the need for thyroidectomy.     

甲状腺结节术前检查对良恶性诊断的预测价值

目的探寻可以预测甲状腺结节良恶性的术前检查指标,更加准确地预测甲状腺结节的病理类型,从而减少良性甲状腺结节的手术率。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至12月间接受甲状腺结节手术的病例资料,单因素和Logistic多因素分析术前临床指标和术后病理结果,确定可以预测甲状腺结节良恶性的危险因素。结果恶性结节在所有手术结节中的比例为22％。单因素分析和多因素分析显示,超声检查结果如单发结节、形态不规则或纵径大于横径的结节、混合回声或低回声、细小钙化、边界不清和血供丰富与恶性甲状腺结节相关。结论甲状腺恶性结节在手术结节中所占的比例较小;B超对甲状腺结节的诊断指标对结节良恶性的判断有意义;合理利用这些指标可以很好地判断甲状腺结节的病理类型,从而减少良性甲状腺结节的手术。     

Atypia of Undetermined Significance in Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology: Prediction of Malignancy by US and Comparison of Methods for Further Management

Background

Further management for thyroid nodules with cytological atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) has made controversial conclusions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the most reliable ultrasonography (US) findings to predict malignancy in thyroid nodules with AUS, and to compare inconclusive rates of repeat fine-needle aspiration (rFNA) and core needle biopsy (CNB) in nodules with AUS.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed cases of thyroid nodules with AUS from 8,421 US-guided fine-needle aspirations in our institution between 2010 and 2012. Nodules were confirmed either surgically or followed-up for at least 1 year and were compared based on nodule size, US findings, and US diagnosis to predict malignancy. Inconclusive rates of rFNA and CNB after initial AUS were compared.

Results

The incidence of AUS in all thyroid nodules was 3.2 % (273 of 8,421). Malignancies were identified in 42.1 % (64 of 152) nodules with surgery or sufficient follow-up. In univariate analysis, not-oval to round shape, irregular margin, taller-than-wide orientation, hypoechogenicity, marked hypoechogenicity, microcalcifications, and malignant US diagnosis were more frequent in actual malignancies (p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, hypoechogenicity, marked hypoechogenicity, and malignant US diagnosis were significantly more frequent in malignancies (p < 0.05). With respect to further management of AUS, the inconclusive rate of CNB (17.6 %, 6/34) was significantly lower than that of rFNA (37.3 %; 44 of 118) (p = 0.032).

Conclusions

Nodule echogenicity and US diagnosis can be predictive factors of malignancies for the thyroid nodules with cytological AUS. The CNB is more useful than rFNA for reducing the frequency of inconclusive results after initial AUS.     

基于FNAB的分子检测技术在甲状腺结节诊断中的研究进展

随着各种检测技术的相继问世,甲状腺结节的检出率明显上升。尽管大多数甲状腺结节是良性的,但良恶性病变之间的判定仍然是临床医生面临的挑战。对于所有可疑甲状腺结节患者均应进行颈部超声检查。甲状腺超声可评估结节特征,某些甲状腺结节具有可疑恶性超声征象。然而,这些特征缺乏准确性,无法明确诊断结节的良恶性。目前的指南仍然推荐超声引导细针穿刺活检（FNAB）作为评估甲状腺结节良恶性的首选检查。FNAB是一种经济高效的诊断方法,由于其创伤小,敏感性和特异性较高,可用于术前评估甲状腺结节的性质,已成为临床不可或缺的检查手段之一。近年来国内关于FNAB的报道日益增多,国内外指南关于FNAB指征尚有争议,同时由于其自身存在一定的局限性,FNAB技术的全面实施需要严格把握指征及准确判读穿刺病理结果。FNAB虽然是术前评估甲状腺结节最常用的诊断技术,但仍有灰区结节需要进一步诊断研究。为了制定合理的手术方案及判断预后,指南推荐术前可测定促甲状腺激素（TSH）水平。FNAB作为一个简单且相对无创的技术,但也可产生相应的并发症,FNAB的并发症主要与甲状腺结节的位置、穿刺针的直径、穿刺医师的操作经验等因素相关,严重程度较轻,多呈自限性。对于FNAB无法诊断或意义不明确的非典型病变或滤泡性病变,学者们一直在努力寻找一种新的方法来精确地诊断甲状腺癌。分子生物学方法是目前的最佳选择。分子生物学方法通过检测特定甲状腺肿瘤易感基因的驱动突变来确认甲状腺肿瘤活检的恶性程度,如BRAF和RAS癌基因突变、RET/PTC重排和TERT突变检测,从而提高术前诊断效率。甲状腺乳头状癌最常见的转移部位是局部淋巴结,虽然FNAB对异常淋巴结有诊断价值,但小或囊性淋巴结可能由于缺乏肿瘤细胞而无法诊断。检测可疑颈部淋巴结细针穿刺活检冲洗液中甲状腺球蛋白含量可作为细胞学诊断的辅助手段。笔者认为FNAB联合分子生物学的多层次诊断体系可提高术前诊断的精准性,对指导治疗、判断预后具有重要价值。     

Breast Lesions with Imaging‐Histologic Discordance During 16‐Gauge Core Needle Biopsy System: would Vacuum‐Assisted Removal get Significantly More Definitive Histologic Diagnosis Than Vacuum‐Assisted Biopsy?

The aim of this study was to determine the role of vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB) in patients with ultrasound imaging-histologic discordance during 16-gauge core needle biopsy (CNB) and to compare VAB with vacuum-assisted removal (VAR) in diagnostic accuracy in patients with ultrasound imaging-histologic discordance. From January 2006 to October 2008, a consecutive biopsy was performed on 1532 lesions with ultrasound-guided 16-gauge CNB. Sixty two lesions were considered to be ultrasound imaging-histologic discordant. Among the 62 lesions, 55 lesions underwent subsequent VAB or VAR, which made up our study population. Among the 55 cases, 22 underwent subsequent US-guided VAR, and the other 33 lesions underwent subsequent US-guided VAB. All malignant lesions at VAB and VAR got subsequent surgery, and all benign lesions at VAR or VAB were followed up for at least 1 year. Five lesions of the VAR group were diagnosed as having carcinoma (5/22, 22.7% of pathologic changing rate). Seven lesions of the VAB group were diagnosed as having carcinoma (7/33, 21.2% of pathologic changing rate). Subsequent surgery further demonstrated the diagnosis of VAB for all the lesions with pathologic change. There was no significant difference in pathologic changing rate between these two groups (p < 0.05). A US-guided VAB was a valuable alternative to VAR or surgery excision to obtain definitive diagnosis in patients with breast lesions showing imaging-histologic discordance during 16-gauge CNB.     

Diagnostic agreement in the evaluation of image-guided breast core needle biopsies: results from a randomized clinical trial

BACKGROUND: Image-guided core needle biopsies (CNBs) are commonly used as the initial sampling method for nonpalpable, mammographically detected breast lesions. Although prior studies have shown that this procedure is a highly sensitive and accurate method for the detection of breast cancer, the level of diagnostic agreement between pathologists in the analysis of CNB has not been previously studied in detail. METHODS: To address this, we reviewed the pathologic findings in 2004 CNB from patients enrolled in the Radiologic Diagnostic Oncology Group 5 study, a randomized, multicenter trial designed to determine the role of CNB and fine needle aspiration biopsy in the evaluation of nonpalpable breast lesions. Slides of CNB specimens were initially diagnosed by pathologists at the 22 participating institutions (local diagnosis) and were then sent to the study pathologists for central review (central diagnosis). Local and central diagnoses were compared. RESULTS: Overall, the central diagnosis and local diagnosis were concordant in 1925 cases (96%), indicating an excellent level of agreement by kappa statistic analysis (kappa = 0.90; 95% confidence interval 0.88-0.92). The level of agreement between local and central pathologists did not vary with the image guidance system (stereotactic mammography vs. ultrasound) or with the mammographic findings (soft tissue density vs. microcalcifications). The level of diagnostic agreement observed for CNB was comparable to that observed among 596 open surgical biopsies obtained from patients in this study and subjected to central pathology review (93% agreement; kappa = 0.89, 95% confidence interval 0.86-0.92). CONCLUSIONS: The level of diagnostic agreement in interpretation of breast CNB is extremely high among pathologists and is comparable to that seen for open surgical biopsy.