Benign gastric tumors

Background: Historically, major subsets of benign gastric tumors requiring surgical excision have required open laparotomy. Methods: We have used laparoscopy to resect lesions in eight such patients. Lesion locations were gastroesophageal junction (one), gastric body (three), and pylorus (four). Four lesions were successfully located by instrument palpation. Six lesions were excised using gastrotomy, eversion of tumor, and resection, followed by stapled gastrotomy closure. The lesion at the posterior GE junction was evaluated through a gastrotomy and resected transgastrically. The two pyloric lesions were removed by laparoscopic distal gastrectomy and gastrojejunostomy. Results: Procedure times were 55–210 min; oral feeding was instituted on postoperative day 1–5; patients were discharged 1–6 days postoperatively. Conclusions: Benign tumors of the stomach may be approached and resected laparoscopically; a transgastric, intra-organ approach is safe and efficient; laparoscopic distal gastrectomy is safe and technically feasible; patients have a shorter recovery interval and shorter postoperative hospital stay. Cautious progress in this field is recommended.Presented at the annual meeting of the Society of American Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES), Orlando, Florida, USA, 11–14 March 1995     

Pedunculated Malignant Melanoma

BACKGROUND: The pedunculated melanoma is an unusual variant of nodular melanoma that presents a challenge in staging and management. OBJECTIVE: We discuss the clinical and histopathologic characteristics of a case of pedunculated melanoma and present a brief review of the literature. METHODS: Routine stain with hematoxylin and eosin was performed on tissue specimens. RESULTS: The pedunculated melanoma was excised. Sentinel lymph node dissection was performed and was negative for the presence of melanoma. CONCLUSIONS: Pedunculated melanoma is a rare type of melanoma. Conventional staging methods for melanoma may not be reliable in this type of tumor. Complete workup, possibly including sentinel lymph node dissection, should be performed in all patients with pedunculated melanomas.     

Pedunculated left ventricular rhabdomyoma

A patient with an unusual left ventricular outflow tract obstruction caused by a solitary pedunculated left ventricular rhabdomyoma is described. Diagnosis was based on two-dimensional echocardiographic findings alone. The obstructive portion of the tumor was successfully removed from the interventricular septum by an aortic root approach.     

Laparoscopic treatment of gastric tumors

PURPOSE: To assess the use of different laparoscopic approaches in the management of gastric tumors based on tumor type and location. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between March 2002 and June 2005, 23 consecutive patients with gastric lesions were treated with laparoscopy procedures. Six patients presented with stromal tumors, 5 with benign lesions, and 12 with resectable gastric cancers. RESULTS: The patients were 13 men and 10 women, mean age 66.2 +/- 11.1 years (range, 29-84 years). Five laparoscopic gastric wedge resections, 6 intragastric submucosal resections, and 12 gastrectomies (10 subtotal and 2 total) were performed. Mean operative time was 49.1 +/- 18.8 minutes (range, 30-85 minutes) in the gastrointestinal stromal tumors and 64.1 +/- 19.2 minutes (range, 45-90 minutes) in benign tumors. Gastrectomy required an average of 197.6 +/- 36.9 minutes (range, 130-260 minutes). The mean times were 142.5 +/- 9.6 minutes in the subtotal gastrectomy group with extracorporeal anastomosis and 190.8 +/- 20.1 minutes when the anastomosis was totally laparoscopic (P < 0.002). All procedures were completed laparoscopically and there were no intraoperative complications. There were four postoperative complications: one wall hematoma secondary to the introduction of a trocar, one prolonged ileus, one intra-abdominal abscess, and one esophagojejunal leakage. Gastrointestinal stromal tumor patients were discharged after a mean 5.8 +/- 1.3 days; patients with benign pathology after 5.2 +/- 0.9 days, and gastric cancer patients after 10.7 +/- 7.3 days (range, 6-28 days). The mean number of dissected lymph nodes in gastric cancer was 21.3 (range, 16-31). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic treatment of gastric lesions is technically feasible and safe. Compared to conventional surgery, it offers the advantages of low invasiveness and improved quality of life.     

Laparoendoscopic treatment of gastric stromal tumors

Gastric stromal tumors are the most common submucosal mass found in the stomach. These tumors are most often diagnosed at endoscopy and can be accurately characterized by endoscopic ultrasound. They typically require surgical resection, and an increasing number of patients undergo laparoscopic resection. A combined laparoscopic/endoscopic, intragastric enucleation technique is described, and results are reported in 10 patients. Eleven nonmalignant lesions were excised, with a mean size of 4.12 (2.0 to 7.0) cm. There were no complications, and the median length of stay was 3.5 days. This surgical approach appears appropriate for predominantly intraluminal, benign-appearing lesions of the proximal stomach.     

胃类癌的临床与病理分析

目的探讨胃类癌的诊断、病理学特点及治疗选择。方法对1980～2000年经手术和病理诊断的胃类癌22例临床资料进行分析总结。结果22例中8例术前经胃镜活检确诊,3例术中经快速病理诊断,11例为术后病理证实。全组均予手术治疗,其中2例行局部切除,8例行胃大部切除术,10例为根治性胃大部切除术,1例为全胃切除术,1例做了全胃切除加肝左叶切除术。随访1～10年,死亡9例,其中6例死于类癌复发伴广泛转移;1例伴有胃腺癌者死于胃腺癌复发和转移;1例术后经支气管镜证实合并支气管类癌,而后死于肝转移。结论胃镜检查是术前发现胃类癌的重要手段,病理学诊断是最后确诊的主要方法。胃类癌的治疗取决于肿瘤的大小、浸润程度及生物学行为     

腔外型胃平滑肌肿瘤

目的总结腔外型胃平滑肌肿瘤的诊断及治疗经验.方法回顾性分析过去20年48例腔外型胃平滑肌肿瘤的临床特点、辅助检查的准确率以及手术方式.结果48例腔外型胃平滑肌肿瘤占同期胃平滑肌肿瘤的68.6%,主要临床表现为腹部包块37.9%,消化道出血37.9%及腹部不适33.3%.术前胃肠钡餐及胃镜检查准确率分别为57.9%及41.7%,术前确诊率为49.4%.手术以胃楔形切除及胃大部分切除为主.结论腔外型胃平滑肌肿瘤早期缺乏特异性临床表现,易误诊.胃肠钡餐及胃镜联合B超和CT可提高确诊率.治疗上以胃楔形切除及胃大部分切除为主,不必常规清扫淋巴结.     

Laparoscopic treatment of gastric stromal tumors

Background: The laparoscopic resection of gastric stromal tumors (GST) is being performed with increased frequency. Methods: Between November 1993 and October 1998, nine consecutive patients with benign and low-grade gastric stromal tumors underwent laparoscopic resection using intraoperative endoscopy. For lesions located on the anterior wall (three cases), a direct approach was utilized. Lesions located on the posterior wall were resected via a transgastric approach (four cases) or through a small opening on the omentum or on the gastrocolic ligament (two cases). Excision of the lesions was performed manually by means of electrocautery and scissors in eight cases; the gastric incisions were closed by manual running suture. An endoscopic stapler device was used in one case only. Results: All patients were successfully treated laparoscopically; there were no conversions to open surgery. Operative time ranged from 75 to 120 min. There was one bleeding from the suture line of the gastric wall postoperatively that was treated conservatively. The average postoperative hospital stay was 4 days (range, 2–6). Conclusions: In light of the results reported in the literature and on the basis of the present work, it seems that laparoscopic resection of GST should be considered as the treatment of choice. Wedge resection of anterior wall lesions is generally performed. The treatment of posterior wall lesions is still controversial. In our opinion the direct approach should be reserved for lesions located on the posterior wall of the body, which can be easily reached through the greater omentum, while the transgastric approach should be preferred for lesions located on the fundus and antrum. Manual excision allows a tailored operation; hand-sewn sutures are always feasible, and they are cheaper than stapled ones. Received: 30 April 1999/Accepted: 7 October 1999/Online publication: 10 April 2000     

Minimally invasive surgery for gastric tumors

Since 1991, laparoscopic surgery has been adopted for the treatment of gastric tumors, including gastric cancer and gastric gastro-intestinal submucosal tumor (GIST). Although laparoscopic gastric resection for gastric tumors has not been accepted worldwide, its use has definitively increased due to its reduced invasiveness. The most common procedures are laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) for cancer and laparoscopic gastric resection as a standard of care for gastric tumors, multicenter randomized controlled clinical trials are needed to evaluate its short- and long-term outcomes.     

Laparoscopic resection of submucosal gastric tumors

(Received for publication on Aug. 1, 1997; accepted on May 15, 1998)     

胃间质瘤临床分析

目的 探讨胃间质瘤的诊治方法。方法 回顾分析14周胃间质瘤的临床表现、病理特点、诊断及治疗情况。结果 14例中，7例位于胃体底部，7例位于胃窦部；主要的临床症状为腹部疼痛；均经胃镜、胃肠钡餐、CT及B超等检查发现。14例均经手术切除，病理组织学显示良性8例（57．1％），不确定型5例（35．7％），恶性1例（7.1%)；术后复发3例，死亡1例。结论 胃间质瘤的治疗以手术为主，术后应长期密切随访，对复发或转移者可多次行姑息切除。     

Minimally invasive options for gastric tumors

INTRODUCTION: Depending on the origin of the tumor tissue, gastric tumors may be more or less accessible for biopsy diagnostics. However, especially submucous tumors present a diagnostic problem. Entity and dignity may remain unclear particularly in larger tumors and may not be clarified before operative excision via gastrotomy and frozen section diagnostics. Similar problems may occur in the diagnostics of epithelial tumors, if a reliable appraisal of the dignity based on forceps biopsy is impossible. To clarify their entity and dignity, tumors can be completely extirpated with minimally invasive techniques. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Apart from the endoscopic mucosa resection (EMR), laparoscopic intragastric tumor resection and laparoscopic wedge resection were performed, especially in larger tumors. In the period from December 1999 to December 2001, we saw an indication for minimally invasive procedures in 22 patients. There were 5 cases of submucous tumors of unclear entity and 17 epithelial lesions. The epithelial lesions included 12 patients with tumors of unclear dignity and five cases with early gastric carcinomas. RESULTS: The EMR was performed without complications in all 14 cases. One of the three cases with wedge resection was followed by a gastrectomy for oncological reasons. One early postoperative bleeding occurred, which was controlled laparoscopically. Conversion to open surgery due to technical problems was necessary in two cases of laparoscopic intragastric resection, and in one case a gastrectomy was required for oncological intention. CONCLUSION: Beside the diagnostic aspect, the mentioned techniques also enable a minimally invasive therapy of locally excisable gastric tumors. In addition to benign and low grade malignant lesions, early gastric carcinomas of the intestinal type present an indication.     

胃间质瘤的外科治疗

胃间质瘤（gastric stromal tumor，GST）是措一类既无雪旺细胞免疫组化特点又无平滑肌细胞超微结构的胃非上皮细胞性肿瘤，是最常见的胃间质细胞肿瘤，约占所有胃肿瘤的2％。     

Benign gastric tumors. Anatomopathological aspects of the gastric wall

Benign tumours of the stomach are quite rare and are discovered accidentally during routine endoscopy or necroscopy. They represent less than 20 per cent of gastric tumours, and their clinical picture consists in pain, bleeding and antropyloric stenosis. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The cases were studied retrospectively over a 10-year period (1995 - 2005) and consist of patients that underwent needle biopsies and surgery in the Timi? County Hospital. RESULTS: Benign tumoural pathology was present in 73 cases, 43 (58.9%) in women, 30 (42.1%) in men. The age of the patients ranged between 36-88 years in women, and 31-87 years in men. The material for study consisted in gastric resection pieces and specimens of needle biopsy. In order to establish the histopathological diagnosis and to define the specific type of the damage, the first specimens were stained using morphological methods. Routine morphological investigation was carried out through Hematoxylin-Eosine staining, which was the standard technique used for all the cases.