Ramstedt幽门环肌切开术治疗先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄再评价

目的对传统术式Ramstedt幽门环肌切开术治疗先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄再评价。方法对采用Ramstedt幽门环肌切开术治疗的125例先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄进行回顾性分析。结果125例均获痊愈，无十二指肠端黏膜破裂或梗阻解除不完全等并发症发生。术后随访1个月至2年，近、远期效果良好，胃食管反流症状全部消失。结论Ramstedt幽门环肌切开术仍为治疗先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄的理想术式。     

腹腔镜下小婴儿幽门环肌切开术改进体会（附15例报告）

先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄（CHPS）是新生儿及小婴儿常见的消化道畸形,传统治疗方法是经腹幽门环肌切开术。2008年3月~2010年12月我们对收治的15例CHPS患儿进行了腹腔镜下幽门环肌切开术,术后疗效满意。现报告如下。     

先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄围手术期输液体会

先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄围手术期输液体会金乡县人民医院（２７２２００）李继斌张进来近年来，我院收治先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄患儿４６例，均行手术治疗。现将其围手术期输液体会介绍如下。术前纠正水电及酸碱平衡紊乱：先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄患儿由于较长时间的呕吐、饥饿及...     

经腹腔镜治疗婴儿先天性肥厚性幽门环肌狭窄及先天性巨结肠

目的 总结使用腹腔镜治疗新生儿、婴儿先天性肥厚性幽门环肌狭窄及先天性巨结肠的经验。方法 20例患儿年龄16－120d，体重2.7-8kg。先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄和先天性巨结肠各10例。在气管插管加单次髓管阻滞麻醉上，建立CO2气膜，注气压力为1.6-1.9kPa，流量为3L／min。置入腹腔镜，并根据不同的病种在不同的部位置入操作钳，完成幽门环肌切开术和辅助巨结肠根治术。结果 手术时间为25－150min，术后3－7d出院。均无并发症发生。结论 腹腔镜技术在新生儿、婴儿应用安全可靠，手术打击小。     

倒Y形幽门环肌切开治疗先天肥厚性幽门狭窄20例体会

先天肥厚性幽门狭窄是较为常见的胃肠道畸形，发病率约为1／3000，占消化道畸形第三位。1912年Rarnstedt行幽门肌层切开，切口不缝，幽门粘膜由浆肌层切口向外膨出，扩大了内腔，解除梗阻。使手术病死率降到目前的1％以下。1979年Goran提出倒Y形幽门环肌切开术，我们认为此术式可进一步减少并发症和病死率。     

先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄58例报告

先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄是导致新生儿呕吐的常见病之一,严重影响患儿的生长发育.……     

经口内镜下幽门肌切开术治疗先天性肥厚性 幽门狭窄的临床初步研究（含视频）

目的 初步评估经口内镜下幽门肌切开术（gastric peroral endoscopic pyloromyotomy,G-POEM）治疗先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄（congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis,CHPS）的疗效和安全性。 方法 回顾西安市儿童医院2019年1月—2019年9月期间接受G-POEM治疗的6例CHPS患儿的临床资料,总结手术情况、围手术期管理以及手术相关并发症发生情况等。 结果 6例CHPS患儿平均日龄54.5 d（27～130 d）,均顺利完成G-POEM,平均手术时间49.5 min（34～150 min）,术后均未出现发热、消化道出血及腹腔脓肿,平均住院时间12.5 d（10～22 d）。6例术后平均随访4.2个月（3.3～8.6个月）。术后1个月幽门直径平均1.1 cm（0.9～1.5 cm）,较术前的0.3 cm（0.1～0.5 cm）明显扩张。术后1个月体重平均增加0.9 kg（0.4～1.6 kg）,术后3个月体重平均增加3.2 kg（2.6～3.5 kg）,术后3个月随访时患儿体重即可接近同龄儿的标准体重。 结论 初步证实G-POEM治疗婴幼儿CHPS安全、有效,可成为CHPS治疗方式的一种新选择。     

婴儿先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄临床特征

目的探讨婴儿先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄(congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis,CHPS)的临床发病特点,为该病诊治及流行病学调查提供依据。方法对307例CHPS住院患儿的病历资料进行回顾性总结和分析,观察项目包括患儿性别、发病年龄、体重变化、入院时电解质及动脉血气、B超检查结果及合并其他先天性疾病情况。将发病10d内治疗者列为早期组,超过10d者列为晚期组,比较这两组动脉血气、电解质及日平均体重增加的差别。结果 307例患儿中男性262例,女性45例,发病年龄1～351d,去掉离散程度较大者6例,其余301例平均发病年龄(23.8±13.0)d。患儿出生体重(3.24±0.44)kg(1.6～4.5kg);合并其他先天性疾病62例(20.2%)。幽门环肌B超厚度为(5.4±1.1)mm(3～8mm)。早期组日平均体重增加明显大于晚期组,而低钾血症、低氯血症及高碳酸血症发生率明显低于晚期组(P0.05);血钠与血pH值无显著性差异。结论婴儿CHPS以男性为主,发病年龄为3～5周,幽门环肌厚度(5.4±1.1)mm,合并其他先天性疾病比例较高。对于在出生后3～5周内出现持续性呕吐患儿,应高度警惕CHPS,并应尽快诊治,以减少低氯低钾性碱中毒的发生;避免病情进一步恶化。     

44例先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄手术前后护理的体会

我院自1975～1983年,共收治先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄44例,日龄最小者18天,最大者56天,均系男婴。经行幽门环形肌切开手术治疗,效果良好,现将护理体会简介如     

内镜黏膜下剥离术后并发幽门狭窄临床处理策略的研究进展

内镜黏膜下剥离术(endoscopic submucosal dissetion, ESD)切除幽门病变达到或超过其环周3/4是ESD后并发狭窄的危险因素，ESD后同时局部注射激素、胃切开经口内镜肌切开术及系统口服激素可以预防狭窄的发生。ESD后狭窄可通过胃出口梗阻评分系统选择不同的治疗方式，包括内镜下球囊扩张术、激素局部注射及口服激素、瘢痕对侧内镜下黏膜切开术等，规范操作可避免并发症发生。对于幽门ESD后顽固性幽门狭窄可能需要多种方式组合治疗，严重影响患者的生活质量。因此，本文概述了目前ESD后并发幽门狭窄临床特征、防治策略的研究进展，以期为临床提供更多的选择和参考。     

Endoscopic pyloromyotomy for congenital pyloric stenosis

BACKGROUND: The advent of sophisticated endoscopic devices allows for a variety of procedures heretofore performed surgically. This study describes the results of endoscopic pyloromyotomy for congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (CHPS). METHODS: Ten consecutive infants (7 boys, 3 girls; age range 3-7 weeks), with a diagnosis of CHPS, underwent endoscopic pyloromyotomy while under conscious sedation by using an endoscopic electrosurgical needle knife or a sphincterotome. Incisions were made from the antral to the duodenal side of the pylorus. All procedures except one were performed on an outpatient basis. RESULTS: No complication was encountered in any patient. All patients began regular feedings as soon as they recovered from the effects of the sedative medication and were discharged on the same day. At follow-up (range 6 months to 2 years), all patients were doing well. CONCLUSIONS: Surgery for CHPS has undergone little change in recent decades except for the advent of the laparoscopic approach. Surgical pyloromyotomy is considered simple, inexpensive, and safe. Endoscopic pyloromyotomy is equally simple, probably less expensive, and it can be performed as an outpatient procedure.     

Outcome of early endoscopic biliary drainage in the management of bile leaks after hepatic resection

BACKGROUND: Bile leaks are a major cause of morbidity and mortality after liver resection. Endoscopic stent insertion is the treatment of choice, although the optimal timing of stent placement has not been established. This study reviewed the outcome of early endoscopic biliary stent insertion for treatment of bile leaks after hepatic resection. METHODS: One hundred fifteen patients underwent hepatic resection in a single unit from July 1995 to December 2000. The type of liver resection, clinical presentation of bile leaks, findings on ERCP, and outcomes after stent placement were recorded. RESULTS: Twenty patients (17%) had bile leaks; 15 had bile in surgical drains but were asymptomatic, and 5 had clinical evidence of a subphrenic collection. In one patient the leak closed spontaneously. The remaining 19 patients underwent ERCP. Fifteen had a leak from a peripheral biliary radical and an endoscopic stent was inserted. Two had a hepatic duct stump leak and were treated by nasobiliary drainage followed by stent insertion. In the remaining 2 patients cholangiography did not demonstrate a leak but a plastic stent was inserted. ERCP was performed a median of 6 days (range 5 to 10 days) after surgery. There was no ERCP-related complication. Median hospital stay in the 95 patients without a bile leak was 10 days (range 4-30 days) compared with 15 days (range 10-41 days) for those with bile leaks (NS). Stents were removed endoscopically at 6 weeks with no persistent leaks detected. There were no late biliary complications (median follow-up 26 months, range 12-72 months). CONCLUSIONS: Early endoscopic biliary stent insertion is effective in the management of bile leakage after hepatic resection.     

Esophagitis and gastroduodenal disorders associated with diabetic gastroparesis

The prevalence of associated gastrointestinal disorders with diabetic gastroparesis was studied retrospectively by reviewing all data on patients with diabetic gastroparesis who were admitted to the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, over a four-year period. Twenty diabetic patients with intractable nausea and vomiting, thought to be secondary to diabetic gastroparesis, underwent upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy after failure to respond to conventional therapy for gastroparesis within several days. Nine (45%) patients had normal upper endoscopic examination results. Eleven (55%) patients were discovered to have other gastrointestinal tract disorders that could explain their persistent symptoms of nausea and vomiting. Specifically, three patients had Candida esophagitis, four had erosive esophagitis, two had gastric ulcers, one had duodenal erosions, and one had bile reflux gastritis. These 11 patients improved when therapy was altered to treat their additional disorder. Management of diabetic gastroparesis is discussed with emphasis on early upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy for patients who fail to respond to therapy initially.     

肝移植术后胆管并发症的内镜治疗价值

目的评估肝移植术后胆管并发症内镜治疗的临床价值。方法我院从2001年3月至2006年10月进行的45例肝移植中,术后出现胆管并发症16例,其中胆漏1例,胆管狭窄8例,胆管狭窄并胆管结石2例。11例接受了内镜介入治疗计14次,包括内镜下放置鼻胆管外引流4例,放置支架内引流10例,气囊扩张10例,乳头括约肌小切开7例,乳头括约肌切开加取石2例。结果1例因内镜治疗时导丝无法通过狭窄段,改行PTC放置胆管支架,其余胆管并发症经内镜介入治疗有效。结论ERCP有助于肝移植术后胆管并发症诊断,治疗有效、安全,是肝移植术后胆管并发症首选治疗方法。     

Novel method for the management of stenosis after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection: Mucosal incision with steroid injection contralateral to the severely contracted scar

The aim of the present report was to investigate the efficacy of local steroid injection and oral administration contralateral to a severe contracted scar of large endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for gastric cancer. Among 254 cases that underwent gastric ESD, seven patients underwent resection of more than three‐quarters of the circumference of the stomach. Two patients were excluded because they did not meet curative resection criteria of Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society. Therefore, in five patients, circumferentiality, symptom appearance period, and weight loss period were examined. Effect of a contralateral normal mucosa incision for releasing the stenosis followed by local injection and oral steroids were also examined. Abdominal bloating, vomiting, and loss of appetite appeared 42 days on average after gastric ESD, whereas weight loss >5 kg was observed an average of 52.6 days after gastric ESD. Average contralateral mucosal incision length was 51 mm, whereas the average mucosal incision width was 31 mm. All patients underwent a mucosal incision and were given a local injection of 100 mg triamcinolone acetonide. Two patients received an additional 20 mg oral steroid. In cases combined with oral steroid, there was no re‐stenosis after the mucosal incision, but two to three balloon dilatations were necessary in three cases in which oral steroids were not given. This method is considered useful for stenosis after large ESD for gastric cancer.     

Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction in children with recurrent abdominal pain: 5-year follow-up after endoscopic sphincterotomy

BACKGROUND: Sphincter of Oddi (SO) dysfunction has not been reported as a cause of recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) in children. We present a 5-year follow-up of a group of children with RAP and manometry proven SO dysfunction. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of children who underwent SO manometry and endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) for recurrent abdominal pain. Long-term follow-up was obtained by telephone survey. RESULTS: Eleven of the 12 children had abdominal pain; one had reproducible postprandial discomfort. Five children localized the pain to the upper abdomen. The same number of children had associated nausea or vomiting. On hepatobiliary scintigraphy study, three children had SO dysfunction type curve, four had low ejection fraction and nine had reproduction of symptoms on cholecystokinin (CCK) infusion. SO manometry revealed elevated pressure in 11 children. The remaining child had paradoxical contraction of the SO. On short-term follow-up, eight children had resolution of symptoms after ES, three did not respond and one had recurrence of symptom in 6 months. Children symptomatic for less than 1 year were more likely to respond to ES (P < 0.01). All children with upper abdominal pain with nausea and/or vomiting, postprandial pain and SO type scintiscan curve responded to ES. On long-term follow-up, seven of the eight responders to ES remained symptom free, one recurred with irritable bowel syndrome-like symptoms. One child with recurrent symptoms had resolution after cholecystectomy and another non-responder improved after an appendectomy. CONCLUSION: SO dysfunction is an uncommon but treatable cause of RAP in children. Awareness of this condition may help a segment of children with RAP.     

Totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass surgery

Robotically enhanced surgery is a fast-developing technique that allows totally endoscopic cardiac surgery on both the beating and arrested heart. Between December 2002 and May 2005, 13 patients underwent totally endoscopic coronary bypass using the da Vinci system; 11 operations were on a beating heart and 2 on arrested hearts. The mean time for internal mammary artery mobilization was 42 min. The time for left internal mammary artery-to-left anterior descending artery anastomosis was 20-36 min for totally endoscopic cases. In one patient, the right internal mammary artery was anastomosed to the diagonal artery. No patient required conversion to a median sternotomy. Mean intensive care unit stay was 1.2 days and mean hospital stay was 4.5 days. There was no hospital mortality. All 13 patients had coronary angiography at 3-month intervals, which showed 100% patency in 12 patients while one had 50% anastomotic narrowing for which coronary angioplasty was performed. Using robotic technology, completely endoscopic anastomosis is possible in patients with single-vessel disease. Use of robotics is now extended to achieve complete myocardial revascularization by harvesting both internal mammary arteries in addition to making a small thoracotomy for direct anastomosis.     

Endoscopic treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Dominant stricture of an extrahepatic bile duct is responsible for symptoms and an exacerbation of cholestasis in 15-20% of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic treatment in this selected patient group. METHODS: Retrospectively, we evaluated 16 patients who were treated endoscopically due to elevation of serum biochemical liver tests and symptoms which were attributable to dominant bile duct strictures during the period 1990 to 2003. Symptoms and biochemical liver tests were compared before and after treatment. RESULTS: Sixteen patients underwent a total of 58 therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographies (ERCP). Sixteen endoscopic sphincterotomies, 15 balloon dilatations, 6 bougie dilatations, 3 stone/sludge extractions and 8 stentings were performed. Endoscopic therapy was technically successful in all patients (100%). Biochemical liver tests were significantly improved when compared with pretreatment values (p<0.001). Patients have been followed-up without stents except for the patients who had cholangiocarcinoma and cirrhosis at the beginning. Procedure-related early complications occurred in 8.6% of therapeutic endoscopic biliary procedures. There was no mortality due to endoscopic treatment. Two patients whose stents were changed every two to three months had cholangitis due to stenting during 13 stent periods. Four patients whose stents were changed in seven to 10 days developed suppurative cholangitis (total 6 stent periods). CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic therapy of symptomatic dominant strictures in primary sclerosing cholangitis is safe and effective. The cholangitis seen in long-term stenting seems to be solved by short-term stenting.