房室结折返性心动过速患者慢径改良术后随访观察

目的观察房室结慢径改良术对AVNRT的远期效果。方法52例AVNRT患者进行随访分析。随访内容包括:心电图、心动过速复发率、并发症发生率以及生活质量等。结果本组患者慢径改良成功率100%(52/52),复发率1.9%(1/52),术中发生一度房室阻滞1例(1.9%),本后二周内复发1例,无二度、三度房室阻滞发生。92.4%患者随访无任何不适主诉。结论消融慢径治疗AVNRT安全有效,复发率低。     

房室结折返性心动过速患者慢径改良术后的远期随访研究

目的 评价慢径改良术治疗房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)的远期疗效和安全性.方法 57例慢径改良术后的AVNRT患者[男性20例,女性37例,平均年龄(46.5±123)岁]接受了随访研究,平均随访时间(36±24)个月,随访内容包括:心电图和24 h动态心电图P-R间期、食管电生理房室结前传有效不应期(AVN-ERP)、1∶1房室传导的最大频率、心动过速复发率、并发症发生率以及生活质量等.结果 本组患者慢径改良成功率96.5%(55/57),复发率5.5%(3/55),其中术后3个月内复发1例,6个月以上复发2例.Ⅰ度房室传导阻滞经心电图证实为1例(1.8%),经Holer检测为6例(10.9%).Ⅱ度房室传导阻滞1例,远期随访未发现Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞.射频消融后AVN-ERP延长,1∶1房室传导的最大频率减慢.93.1%的患者远期随访无不适主诉.结论 远期随访表明,射频消融房室结慢径治疗AVNRT是安全、有效的,提高了患者的生活质量.     

怀疑AVNRT患者的经验性导管消融

目的探讨经验性慢径导管消融治疗临床疑似房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)的可行性。方法回顾分析本院1998年10月~2015年10月368例接受房室结慢径消融治疗患者的临床资料、电生理检查与导管射频消融治疗结果及随访结果,比较323例电生理检查证实存在房室结双径传导且能诱发AVNRT和45例存在房室结双径传导但不能诱发AVNRT患者的消融结果及平均7.8年随访期内心动过速复发率,另对21例疑似AVNRT但电生理检查无房室结双径传导,无可诱发心动过速,且未接受慢径消融治疗的患者进行了平均1.4年随访。结果经导管射频消融术中不能诱发AVNRT患者与术中能诱发心动过速患者首次慢径消融的成功率均为100%,且均无严重并发症发生;术中不能诱发心动过速患者随访期心动过速复发率(4.4%)高于术中能诱发AVNRT患者(1.5%)(p0.05%)。术中能诱发AVNRT患者消融后复发病例均为首次消融时未达到主要消融终点(A-H间期跳跃现象消失)者,术中未诱发心动过速患者消融后复发病例再次电生理检查时均未发现存在房室结双径传导现象,亦未再诱发心动过速。在平均1.4年随访期内38%的疑似AVNRT但未接受经验性慢径消融治疗的患者再次发生心动过速。结论对于电生理检查证实存在房室结双径传导但不能诱发心动过速的疑似AVNRT患者,经验性慢径导管消融治疗安全有效,但应尽量以A-H间期跳跃现象消失作为消融终点。对于电生理检查未证实存在房室结双径传导,且不能诱发心动过速的疑似AVNRT患者,应酌情选择经验性慢径导管消融治疗。     

射频消融治疗房室结折返性心动过速不同终点的疗效观察

目的　评价射频消融治疗房室结折返性心动过速 ( AVNRT)的不同终点对远期复发的影响。方法　对 1 0 4例 AVNRT患者进行慢径消融 ,比较慢径传导消失组和慢径传导残留组 AVNRT复发率。结果　射频消融术后慢径传导消失 5 8例 ,慢径传导残留 4 6例 ,术后 1 8± 9个月随访期内 ,慢径传导消失组复发 2例 ( 3 .4 % ) ,慢径传导残留组复发 2例 ( 4.3 % ) ,两组无显著差别 ( P>0 .0 5 )。结论　射频消融术后慢径传导残留并不增加 AVNRT复发的危险性     

低能量射频消融慢径治疗房室结折返性心动过速的评估

目的:初步探讨射频改良房室结双径路的能量,房室传导阻滞发生率,初步手术成功率和复发率。方法:自1998年1月至2000年6月,对20例(女14例,男6例),平均年龄(43.4±17.1)岁频发房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)患者,采用射频消融能量从5W低能量开始,无效则按每5W逐渐递增,限定最大能量为30W进行消融慢径改良房室结功能。结果:20例患者全部改良成功,平均释放能量5～30W,平均(17.6±7.2)W,术后平均4～30个月随访,无1例发生房室传导阻滞并发症,其中1例术后2个月复发AVNRT,经再次射频消融慢径改良房室结功能成功。结论:采用低能量射频消融改良房室结功能,疗效满意,对减少房室传导阻滞并发症有益。     

低能量射频消融慢径治疗房室结折返性心动过速的评估

目的初步探讨射频改良房室结双径路的能量,房室传导阻滞发生率,初步手术成功率和复发率.方法自1998年1月至2000年6月,对20例(女14例,男6例),平均年龄(43.4±17.1)岁频发房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)患者,采用射频消融能量从5W低能量开始,无效则按每5W逐渐递增,限定最大能量为30W进行消融慢径改良房室结功能.结果20例患者全部改良成功,平均释放能量5～30W,平均(17.6±7.2)W,术后平均4～30个月随访,无1例发生房室传导阻滞并发症,其中1例术后2个月复发AVNRT,经再次射频消融慢径改良房室结功能成功.结论采用低能量射频消融改良房室结功能,疗效满意,对减少房室传导阻滞并发症有益.     

慢径消融或改良治疗房室交界区折返性心动过速远期疗效的评价

目的评价慢径消融或慢径改良对房室交界区折返性心动过速(atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia,AVJRT)远期复发的影响.方法231例AV.JRT患者进行常规慢径消融,比较慢径消融(慢径消失)或改良(慢径存在)者AVJRT的复发率和并发症以及各组消融前后的电生理参数变化.结果射频消融后142例慢径残存,53例慢径消失,房室结有效不应期延长,11房室和室房传导的最大频率减慢.36例消融前后均无AH间期跳跃现象.术后(25±4)个月的随访期内,慢径消融的89例中复发1例,4例发生二度Ⅰ型房室阻滞.慢径改良的142例复发2例,复发率无差别(P＞0.05).结论慢径消融或改良治疗AVJRT可以达到同样疗效.     

慢径改良法消融房室结折返性心动过速的随访

目的研究采用慢径改良法消融房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)的效果及并发症。方法对60例AVNRT患者采用慢径改良法进行射频消融治疗,随访术中、术后3d的并发症及术后一年的复发率。结果消融即刻成功率100%,术中及术后并发症1.67%,术后1年的复发率1.67%。结论慢径改良法消融AVNRT是安全、有效的方法,可作为房室结折返性心动过速的首选治疗措施。     

程控刺激不能诱发的房室结折返性心动过速慢径消融的临床疗效评估

目的　评价程控刺激不能诱发的房室结折返性心动过速 (AVNRT)射频消融慢径的临床疗效。方法　 6 1例有心动过速病史且心电图疑诊为AVNRT的病人 ,电生理检查有房室结双径(DAVNP)但不能诱发AVNRT ,随机分为两组。A组 30例不消融而进行临床随访 ,当心动过速复发且经心电图证实为窄QRS心动过速者接受射频消融阻断慢径。B组 31例接受射频消融以阻断慢径 ,术后临床随访。结果　A、B两组分别有 2 4例和 2 7例病人完成随访。A组 2 4例随访中分别在 1年内发作心动过速 ,再次接受消融阻断慢径后随访 (12 .1± 12 .2 )个月 ,仅 1例复发心动过速 (4.2 % ) ,与消融前比较差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 0 0 1)。B组 2 7例平均随访 (2 4 .2± 17.6 )个月 ,1例复发心动过速 (3.7% ) ,与A组病人消融前相比差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 0 0 1) ,而与其消融后比较差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　有阵发性心动过速病史且心电图疑诊为AVNRT的病人 ,电生理检查有DAVNP而不能诱发心动过速者 ,射频消融阻断慢径具有良好的临床疗效。     

房室结折返性心动过速慢径消融术后复发原因分析

目的探讨房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)导管射频电消融(RFCA)术后复发的原因。方法对行导管射频电消融术100例慢快型房室结折返性心动过速患者进行随访,回顾性分析其心电生理和临床资料。结果100例患者中复发10例,复发率为10%。复发病例中7例术后慢径残存,未复发病例中3例慢径残存,慢径残存患者复发率高。未复发病例消融后的快径前传有效不应期(FPERP)较消融前缩短,分别为(277±41)m s和(318±46)m s(P<0.05);而复发病例消融后的快径前传有效不应期(FPERP)较消融前无明显缩短,分别为(298±48)m s和(311±56)m s(P>0.05)。复发病例心内电生理特点复杂多变,多种类型房室结折返性心动过速多见,未复发病例多为单纯典型房室结折返性心动过速。结论房室结折返性心动过速复发的电生理基础仍然是房室结双径路,房室结折返性心动过速复发与慢径残存及复杂的房室结、慢径结构有关。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.