Experimental Papillary Necrosis of the Kidney: IV. Medullary Plasma Flow

To test the thesis that vasoconstriction plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of papillary necrosis caused by bromoethylamine hydrobromide (BEA), medullary plasma flow was determined in rats treated with BEA. Medullary blood flow was normal ½ to 1 hour after BEA treatment, and was actually elevated 6 hours after BEA. There was no increase in plasma levels of prostaglandins A and E, which would have been expected if there had been medullary ischemia. Pretreatment with reserpine, which inhibited the development of papillary necrosis, had little effect on medullary plasma flow. These observations do not support the notion that vasoconstriction is the mechanism by which BEA causes papillary necrosis.     

Experimental Papillary Necrosis of the Kidney: II. Electron Microscopic and Histochemical Studies

Renal papillary necrosis was induced in rats by bromoethylamine hydrobromide and studied electron microscopically and histochemically. Morphologic changes appear to develop in vessels and tubules simultaneously, rather than tubular lesions preceding and leading to vascular lesions, or vice versa. Abnormalities are recognized as early as 3 hours, but platelets do not make their appearance until 12 hours, eliminating primary vascular thrombosis as the source of papillary injury.     

Experimental Papillary Necrosis of the Kidney: III. Effects of Reserpine and Other Pharmacologic Agents on the Lesion

Reserpine is able to exert a pronounced inhibitory effect on the development of papillary necrosis following the administration of bromoethylamine hydrobromide to the rat. This inhibitory effect has been observed using light microscopy, histochemistry, indigo carmine excretion and urine output. These observations suggest that vasoconstriction may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of papillary necrosis, but the evidence for this is incomplete.     

Experimental Cerebral Atherosclerosis in the Dog: I. A Morphologic Study

Prolonged feeding with an atherogenic diet can induce occlusive disease of the intracranial arteries and cerebral infarction in dogs. The morphologic findings suggest that separation of the internal elastic lamina from the endothelial basement membrane is a consistent change and probably an initiating mechanism in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis of the cerebral arteries.     

Nonhepatic Thioacetamide Injury: I. Thymic Cortical Necrosis

Normal and adrenalectomized rats were given a single oral dose of thioacetamide (5, 10 or 20 mg/100 g body weight). The size, weight and histology of the thymus were observed for 3 weeks following intoxication. An initial rapid loss of thymic weight and size occurred during the first 3 days of intoxication; there was no significant recovery. This loss was associated with decreased cortical mass without significant change in medullary size or histology. The decrease of the cortex was associated with significant cortical cell death and the formation of a “starry sky” pattern. This response occurred in both adrenalectomized and nonadrenalectomized rats, suggesting that this phenomenon is not the adrenal-mediated stress response. Measurement of circulating mononuclear cells indicated that thymocyte release did not play a significant role in depletion changes. The basis for this prompt, at least temporarily irreversible, chemically induced thymic atrophy is not apparent.     

Morphologic and biochemical studies of canine mucopolysaccharidosis I.

This report presents the necropsy and biochemical findings on the first dog to die with alpha-L-iduronidase deficiency (mucopolysaccharidosis I, MPS I). Gross pathologic features, light- and electron-microscopic findings, and tissue enzyme, glycosaminoglycan (GAG), and sphingolipid levels are compared with the human disease counterpart and the previously described feline model. Results lend further support for the similarities of the canine disease and human MPS I.     

Radiation Nephritis: III. Chemical, Functional and Morphologic Correlates of the Glomerular Basement Membrane

In the rat, radiation injury to a kidney results in severe glomerular lesions, with only a moderate increase in proteinuria. The proteinuria, however, was found to be nonselective. There was no relationship between the degree and selectivity of the proteinuria. No change in the gross chemical composition of the glomerular basement membrane obtained from the irradiated kidney was observed when compared with the GBM of a) untreated control kidneys, b) kidneys obtained from sham operated rats, c) unilaterally nephrectomized and d) control kidneys of irradiated animals. In conclusion, no correlation could be established between the morphologic alterations of the glomerulus and the chemical or permeability characteristics of the membrane.     

Lung growth of the turkey,Meleagris gallopavo: I. Morphologic and morphometric description

To describe lung growth qualitatively and quantitatively from prehatch to adulthood of an unselected line of turkey, a precocial a avian species, 36 male turkeys, three in each age group, were killed at 22 and 25 days of incubation, on hatch day, and at 1, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, 112, and 420 days of age. Body weight and lung volume were measured. A three-level cascade sampling system was used to prepare lung tissue for morphologic and morphometric observation by light microscopy. Point and intersection counting were used to estimate volume and surface densities of lung compartments relative to lung volume. Absolute volumes and surfaces of lung compartments were calculated. Bilogarithmic regressions provided allometric equations to describe growth of the lung in three phases: (1) Tissue proliferation—explosive growth of lung volume relative to body weight and of the gas-exchange compartment within the lung. At 22 days of incubation there were few air and blood capillaries and a great deal of tissue that looked like mesenchyme between the parabronchin. Within the 6 days prior to hatch, the surface area of air capillaries increased 11-fold and of blood capillaries 27-fold, whereas the volume of interparabronchial tissue decreased 58%. (2) Equilibrated growth—from hatch day to 28 days of age, most lung compartments grew evenly with lung volume. (3) Regulated growth—from 28 days of age to adult, all lung compartments, except large vessels and exchange compartment, grew more slowly than the entire lung. Interatrial septa lengthened and their epithelial covering thinned, infundibula became more apparent, and interparabronchial connective tissue reached a minimal volume density in the adult lung.     

Papillary adenocarcinoma of the endometrium: a retrospective study of stage I and II disease.

A retrospective study was undertaken to determine the survival of patients with stages I and II serous papillary adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. Twenty-eight patients were evaluable. The patients were treated by a variety of methods that included irradiation only, surgery only, combined irradiation and surgery, and chemotherapy. Eighteen patients had stage I disease and 10 patients had stage II disease. The 2-year survival rate was 16.6% for stage I patients and 40% for stage II patients. The overall 2-year survival rate was 28% for both groups of patients.     

The trypanosomes of birds of the family Estrildidae. I. Morphologic and systematic study

Twenty two birds belonging to the species Estrilda melpoda and E. astrild were studied. Nine birds were found infected by Trypanosomes. They belong to four different species: one is identified as Trypanosoma everetti, the other three are new species (T. chabaudi, T. davidmolyneuxi and T. gentilinii). Several mixed infections were found. Each species appears to be monomorphic in the circulating blood; it is suggested that the polymorphism of several Trypanosomes described in the literature is due to polyparasitic infections rather than to a true polymorphism.     

Transplantation of Cultured Thymic Fragments I. Morphologic and Technical Considerations

Thymic fragments were maintained in organ culture until egress or deterioration of the leucocyte component was near completion. These depopulated cultured thymic fragments were then implanted into immunologically competent mouse recipients. Acute immunologic rejection was not observed in mice given cultured thymic allografts. If the organ culture period was approximately 2 weeks, lymphoid repopulation and newly developed Hassall's corpuscles were observed 7–10 weeks after implantation. If the initial culture period was extended to 3 weeks, transplanted fragments developed an unusual repopulation pattern, characterized by eosinophils, macrophages and plasma cells. This finding could be interpreted as a protracted allograft rejection or, more likely, a loss of ability of the thymic epithelium 10 attract or differentiate the types of precursors usually attracted to the normal gland. When cultured and non-cultured tissues were simultaneously transplanted in a single recipient, the non-cultured tissue was acutely rejected and became fibrous, while the cultured thymus assumed the appearance of a normal lymphoid organ without any neighbouring inflammatory reaction.     

Papillary Architecture and Functional Characterization of Mucosubstances in the Sheep Tongue

This research aimed to reveal the general morphology and topographic distribution of lingual papillae, epithelial characteristics, mucosal structure, and glands with their mucin content in the sheep tongue, with consideration of species‐specific characteristics. The tongues of ten sheep were analyzed for this purpose. Filiform and fungiform papillae existed within the borders of the ventral surface of the lingual apex. The majority of the filiform papillae had multiple secondary projections. Fungiform papillae were also seen on the lingual torus among lenticular papillae, as well as 6 to 10 circumvallate papillae arranged on its caudal border. The species‐specific details of the general anatomical structure of the tongue were determined and, in general, the papillary organization in the sheep was similar to goats, while the papillary organization also was similar to features with deer species, specifically the filiform papilla from the mechanical papillae and fungiform papilla from the gustatory papillae. Neutral and weak sulfated mucins and N‐acetyl sialomucins were located in seromucous glands, salivary duct epithelium and von Ebner's glands. Carboxylated acid mucins and N‐acetyl sialomucins were not present in seromucous and von Ebner's glands. In seromucous glands, MUC1, MUC5AC, and MUC6 localized only in epithelial cells of ducts, whereas MUC2 localized in both glandular and ductal epithelial cells. All MUCs were present in both von Ebner's glands and salivary ducts. We showed that this mucin composition, may serve as a physical barrier in the initial section of the digestive system. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Thalamocortical dysrhythmia I.: Functional and imaging aspects

Thalamic and cortical neurons are richly and reciprocally interconnected and support recurrent functional loops in the intact brain, but the role of this circuitry is still poorly understood. Here, we present evidence—from cellular and from functional neuroimaging in control and clinical domains—that thalamocortical resonance is not only a prerequisite for normal cognition, but that its perturbation, in a dynamic sense (e.g. a dysrhythmia) can underlie a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders.