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1.
目的比较阿司匹林联合双嘧达莫与华法林预防低危非瓣膜性心房颤动(NVAF)患者血栓栓塞的有效性和安全性。方法将确诊的125例低危NVAF患者,采用机械抽样法随机分为两组,分别给予调整剂量华法林抗凝治疗[华法林组,69例,目标国际标准化比值(INR)为2.0~3.O]和阿司匹林联合双嘧达莫抗血小板治疗(联合治疗组,56例,阿司匹林100mg 1次/d+双嘧达莫100mg 3次/d)。观察两组患者死亡、血栓栓塞事件(缺血性脑卒中和外周动脉栓塞)及各种出血的发生率。结果随访12~28个月。华法林组失访3例,发生缺血性脑卒中1例,严重出血1例,轻微出血3例;联合治疗组失访2例,发生缺血性脑卒中2例,周围动脉栓塞1例,轻微出血2例,无严重出血病例。与联合治疗组相比,华法林组血栓栓塞事件发生率具有降低趋势,但差异无统计学意义[1.5%(1/66)比5.6%(3/54),P=0.220];出血事件发生率呈现升高趋势,但差异也无统计学意义[6.1%(4/66)比3.7%(2/54),P=0.556]。结论无血栓栓塞高危因素的低危NVAF患者,阿司匹林联合双嘧达莫抗血小板治疗与口服华法林抗凝治疗的疗效相似。 相似文献
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目的观察在持续性心房纤颤(房颤)的高龄患者中,不同剂量阿司匹林及华法林的疗效和安全性。方法选取年龄≥75岁的持续性房颤患者217例,分为4组,华法林高抗凝组『2.0〈国际标准化比率(international normalized ratio,INR)≤3.0154例,华法林低抗凝组(1.6≤INR≤2.0)53例,阿司匹林组(325mg/d)47例,阿司匹林组(200mg/d)63例,观察各组中血栓栓塞和出血事件的发生率。结果华法林高抗凝组与低抗凝组血栓栓塞发生率明显低于阿司匹林组(325mg/d),差异有统计学意义(矿=6.487,P=O.011;矿=7.929,P=O.005;r=6.354,P=O.012;r=7.771,P=O.005);华法林高抗凝组出血发生率明显高于低抗凝组和阿司匹林组(200mg/d),差异有统计学意义(14.8%'US.0m0,P〈0.05);华法林高抗凝组与阿司匹林组(325mg/d)出血发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P〉O.05)。结论对于年龄≥75岁的老年持续性房颤患者,低抗凝强度华法林(1.6≤INR≤2.0)安全有效,其疗效优于阿司匹林。 相似文献
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《中国老年学杂志》2015,(12)
目的探讨佛山地区老年房颤脑卒中患者危险分层筛查及治疗对策。方法 110例房颤脑卒中患者,随机分为观察组和对照组。对照组给予阿司匹林抗血栓治疗。观察组:进行危险分层,分别采用华法林抗凝或阿司匹林抗血栓治疗。结果观察组低危、中危、高危、极高危脑梗死发生率为0、3.45%、9.09%、33.33%,对照组低危、中危、高危、极高危脑梗死发生率15.38%、25.93%、58.33%、100.00%,观察组总发生率为5.45%少于对照组总发生率34.55%(P0.01)。结论房颤患者血栓栓塞危险性越高,脑梗死发病率就越高,抗凝治疗就越有意义。通过监测国际标准化比值(INR),坚持华法林长期治疗,以减少血栓栓塞的发生及再次复发,对提高患者生存质量具有重要意义。 相似文献
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目的 评估利伐沙班用于心房颤动导管消融术后抗凝治疗的有效性及安全性。方法 将接受房颤射频导管消融的患者分为利伐沙班组(57例)和华法林组(100例)。利伐沙班组:房颤导管消融术后给予10 mg,2次/d或20 mg,1次/d口服,服用1个月后根据不同临床情况调整剂量,给予10 mg 1次/d或20 mg 1次/d再服用1个月。华法林组:房颤导管消融术后给予华法林3~6 mg/d,根据国际标准化比值(INR)调整剂量,控制INR在2.0~3.0,共服用2个月。所有患者从抗凝开始到抗凝结束选用同一种抗凝药物。结果 基线水平的比较除性别外其他指标均无统计学差异。两组有效性及安全性比较:华法林组和利伐沙班组均未发生血栓栓塞事件(死亡、脑栓塞、肺栓塞、体循环栓塞)。两组均无大出血事件发生;不明显出血事件利伐沙班组为5%(3/57)、华法林组为11%(11/100),差异无统计学意义。结论 口服利伐沙班用于血栓栓塞低、中危房颤患者导管消融术后抗凝安全有效。 相似文献
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对于冠心病合并房颤(CHD+AF)患者应首先进行卒中危险分层,然后选择阿司匹林或华法林。对无卒中危险因素者应选择阿司匹林(75~150mg/d)治疗,仅有1项中等危险因素者可选择阿司匹林或华法林治疗,而有任何下列高危因素或1项以上中危因素时必须应用华法林抗凝治疗:一项高危因素(血栓栓塞病史、风湿性瓣膜病、人工瓣膜置换、左心房血栓)或两项中危因素[年龄≥75岁、高血压、心力衰竭(HF)、左心室收缩功能受损(射血分数≤35%或左室短轴缩短指数<25%)、糖尿病]。如果患者选择了华法林治疗,国际标准化比值(INR值)应维持在2·0~3·0之间,为了避… 相似文献
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<正> 心房颤动(房颤)是临床上最常见的心律失常之一,慢性房颤患者面临的一个重要临床问题是血栓栓塞性并发症。血栓栓塞性并发症是严重影响患者临床预后和生活质量的事件,严重血栓事件,如大面积的脑梗死,还会危及患者的生命。近年来,慢性房颤的抗凝问题越来越受到临床心血管专业医生的重视。对于存在血栓栓塞中危或高危因素的房颤患者建议应用华法林抗凝治疗。但是,如果这些患者合 相似文献
7.
非瓣膜性持续心房颤动患者抗血栓治疗临床调查 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
周红卫 《中国心脏起搏与心电生理杂志》2005,19(5):351-352
对我院从1997年1月至2002年12月住院的535例非瓣膜性持续心房颤动(简称房颤)患者病历资料进行逐项调查,分析房颤病因、抗血栓治疗及并发血栓栓塞性疾病情况。结果:病因以高血压最常见(38.5%),其次为冠心病(34.6%)。使用华法令52例(9.7%),维持INR在2.0~3.0范围,无1例出现血栓栓塞性疾病及严重出血。使用阿斯匹林331例(61.9%),用量为平均75mg/d出现血栓栓塞性疾病76例(占23%)。未使用任何抗血栓治疗者152例(28.4%),出现血栓栓塞性疾病36例(23.7%)。结论:华法令能明显减少房颤相关血栓栓塞性疾病的发生,小剂量阿斯匹林则无此作用。 相似文献
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华法令不同抗凝强度对老年房颤栓塞事件的影响 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
目的观察华法令不同抗凝强度对老年房颤栓塞事件的干预作用。方法200例房颤患者,随机分为3组,低等强度组,中等强度组及对照组。华法令抗凝治疗中强度组即国际标准化比率(INR)在1.9~2.4,低强度组即INR在1.3~1.8,对照组服用阿司匹林。结果对照组栓塞事件发生7例,显著高于中强度抗凝组。不良反应为出血,抗凝中强度组3例,低强度组1例,对照组出血1例。三组比较无显著性差异。结论华法令抗凝强度在中度时能减少老年房颤的栓塞发生,安全性与阿司斯林比较,无明显差异。 相似文献
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不同抗凝强度华法林对非瓣膜病房颤患者血栓栓塞的预防作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的 观察阿司匹林和不同抗凝强度的华法林对非瓣膜病性房颤患者血栓栓塞并发症的预防效果和安全性.方法 将确诊的非瓣膜病房颤患者135例,随机分为阿司匹林组、低强度华法林抗凝组和中强度华法林抗凝组,观察三组栓塞、出血和上腹部不适的发生率.结果 低、中强度华法林抗凝组栓塞及上腹部不适的发生率明显低于阿司匹林组(P<0.05);不同强度华法林抗凝组血栓栓塞率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);低强度华法林抗凝组轻微出血发生率明显低于中强度华法林抗凝组(P<0.05);三组均无严重出血发生.结论 低强度华法林抗凝能降低非瓣膜病房颤血栓栓塞发生率,出血发生率低,安全性好. 相似文献
10.
周向东 《国外医学:内科学分册》1992,(4)
研究表明,房颤(AF)易发生血栓栓塞并发症。本研究旨在评价慢性 AF 发生血栓栓塞并发症的心血管危险因素。非风湿性慢性 AF 的门诊患者1007例中,335例接受华法令,336例接受阿司匹林抗凝治疗,以未接受上述药物治疗的336例患者为研究对象。收集患者 AF 的病因、心衰症状、既往心肌梗塞(MI)史、胸痛、糖尿病、吸烟习惯等有关情况,测血压,用超声心动图测定心脏相对容积 相似文献
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The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
Georges J. M. Maestroni 《Journal of pineal research》1993,14(1):1-10
Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ. 相似文献
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Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland. 相似文献
14.
Martinez-Cecilia D Arjona-Sanchez A Gomez-Alvarez M Torres-Tordera E Luque-Molina A Valenti-Azcarate V Briceno-Delgado J Padillo FJ Lopez-Cillero P Rufian-Pena S 《World journal of gastroenterology : WJG》2008,14(12):1949-1951
Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs. 相似文献
15.
Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage. 相似文献
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H.P.J.M. Noteborn P.P. van Balen A.A. van der Gugten I.C. Hart I. Ebels C.A. Salemink 《Journal of pineal research》1993,14(1):11-22
Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the Mr range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [125I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (Ka of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 109 M-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of Mr 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL. 相似文献
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Gary S. Goldberg B.A. Bruce A. Orkin M.D. Lee E. Smith M.D. 《Diseases of the colon and rectum》1994,37(5):439-443
PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae
(16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum
was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy. 相似文献