小儿骨与关节缺损的重建

目的：探讨利用带血管蒂或吻合血管腓骨治疗小儿骨与关节缺损的手术方法。方法：收治２５例骨与关节缺损病例。修复方法包括带血管蒂腓骨段转位和吻合血管腓骨小头骨段移植。其中肩肱关节重建９例，桡腕关节重建６列，胫骨缺损修复１０例。结果：经手术后２－１０年随访，重建骨与关节外型和功能令人满意。结论：在小儿关节重建中，带腓骨小头骨段的游离腓骨移植可满足关节结构重建的需要。     

儿童慢性骨髓炎应用抗感染活性骨Ⅰ期植骨治疗的疗效评价

目的 验证抗感染活性骨(anti-infective reconstituted bone xenograft,ARBX)Ⅰ期植骨治疗儿童慢性骨髓炎的疗效.方法 自2001年9月对21例慢性骨髓炎患儿进行病灶清除,应用抗感染活性异种骨(anti-infective reconstituted bone xenograft,ARBX)Ⅰ期植骨治疗,其中获得12个月以上随访的儿童慢性骨髓炎患儿共16例.包括血源性慢性骨髓炎8例,原发性慢性骨髓炎3例,创伤性慢性骨髓炎5例.结果 16例中除1例骨髓炎复发,1例骨髓炎合并大段骨缺损在术后发生骨不连外,其余14例感染均获得控制无复发,病变部位均获得确实骨修复.本组感染治愈率(感染控制且无复发)为93.8%,完全治愈率(感染控制既无复发又完成骨修复)为87.5%.结论 ARBX具有高效诱导成骨活性和强效抗感染能力,是Ⅰ期植骨治疗儿童慢性骨髓炎的有效方法.     

采用不同腓骨移植术修复青少年肿瘤或肿瘤样变切除后的骨缺损

目的：探索青少年不同部位骨肿瘤或肿瘤样变切除后骨缺损的修复方法。方法；37例骨肿瘤或肿瘤样变，在作病灶彻底切除同时，分别采用吻合血管的腓骨长段充填植入，一侧嵌入式植入，节段性腓骨植入。结果：术后随访6个月至8年，所有病例未见复发、他处转移，用以修复骨缺损的腓骨愈合良好，其功能、外形恢复满意。结果：青少年为骨肿瘤与骨病变好发期，同时也是骨与关节生长、发育的未定型期，因此，对其骨肿瘤或骨病变切除，既要考虑彻底切除病变，同时应依据病变切除后不同骨缺损，选择更适合 的骨移植术予重建。     

小儿下肢骨肿瘤或瘤样病变切除后大段骨缺损的生物性修复

因为存在持续生长,小儿大段骨缺损的修复更为困难[1].2001年1月至2005年12月,我科尝试结构性大段异体骨与吻合血管自体腓骨同期联合移植对4例患儿下肢骨肿瘤或瘤样病变切除后骨缺损进行生物性修复,效果满意.     

同侧带血管蒂腓骨轴向旋转内移术治疗胫骨大段骨缺损

目的　探讨同侧带血管蒂腓骨180°轴向旋转内移术治疗胫骨大段骨缺损的治疗方法和疗效。方法　根据胫骨缺损的长度,切取同侧带血管蒂腓骨并180°轴向旋转内移至胫骨缺损区,将腓骨两端分别插入胫骨髓腔内,远端用螺钉将胫腓骨固定,同时将远端残留腓骨与胫骨融合,预防术后踝关节不稳定。结果　手术治疗16例,经4 个月~19 年随访,骨愈合时间接近正常,踝关节功能无明显障碍。结论　同侧带血管蒂腓骨180°轴向旋转内移术,术式简捷,效果良好,是治疗胫骨大段骨缺损的一种值得推荐的理想方法。     

吻合血管腓骨游离移植修复儿童肱骨干全缺损1例

吻合血管腓骨游离移植修复儿童肱骨干全缺损１例李林东王庆荣朱冬承王培刚赵楷生我院１９９５年用吻合血管腓骨游离移植修复儿童右肱骨干全缺损１例获得成功。报告如下：患儿，女，１０．３岁。１０年前因右肱骨骨髓炎致肱骨干全部坏死，仅上下干骺端残留，功能完全丧失。...     

儿童长骨非骨化性纤维瘤

目的：探讨儿童长骨非骨化性纤维瘤的临床特点、诊治方法及预后。方法：总结１９８８～１９９７年收治发生在长骨的非骨化性纤维瘤６例。其中男２例，女４例，平均年龄１０．１岁。单发病灶在胫骨４例；多发性２例，同时发生在胫、腓骨１例，胫骨、腓骨及双侧股骨同时４处受累１例。６例均行手术治疗，包括单纯刮除加植骨和瘤段切除加游离腓骨移植。结果：６例均病理证实为非骨化性纤维瘤。随诊最长８年７个月，无一例复发。结论：该瘤病因尚不明确，可能为生发在骨内纤维组织的良性肿瘤。临床上应与纤维性皮质骨缺陷、骨纤维结构不良、骨巨细胞瘤、单发性骨囊肿等相鉴别。对较大病灶，在瘤灶刮除后采用带血管腓骨移植或带血管蒂腓骨移位植骨的治疗方法，具有骨愈合过程快、患骨可及早负重的优点。     

儿童腓骨移植对供腿功能影响的长期随访

目的:评价儿童腓骨切除后对小腿及踝关节功能的影响。方法:自1980年以来，对32例儿童作了腓骨移植术，其中对13例患儿作了长期随访，随访最长时间为14年，最短时间为5年，平均随访7年8个月。通过患儿小腿外观、功能活动及膝、踝关节X线片检查，观察外踝移位情况、关节间隙及胫腓两端骨骺结构变化。结果:随访结果显示，10例行走运动正常，但长时间大运动量后感小腿及踝关节乏力；2例踝关节外翻，内踝突出，供腿单足站立不稳；1例腓骨移植11年后，两小腿胫骨相差2．5cm。X线片结果显示：3例外踝上移或伴有后移，胫骨远端骨骺呈“楔形样变”，1例下胫腓关节分离；2例腓骨小头轻度下移外，膝关节外形活动正常，所有患儿未发生胫骨骨折和拇趾屈曲挛缩畸形。结论:儿童腓骨切除后对踝关节的结构有影响，腓骨切除位置愈低，影响愈大。     

儿童长骨骨巨细胞瘤的手术效果评价

目的通过对不同手术方式治疗儿童长骨骨巨细胞瘤(GCTB)的疗效分析,评价不同手术方式的疗效。方法分析1990年12月~2004年12月本院15例儿童长骨GCTB患者的术后疗效。根据Ennek ing外科分期系统分期:Ⅰ(Ⅰa、Ⅰb)期采用肿瘤刮除、氯化锌烧灼残腔、过氧化氢浸泡后异体植骨及病灶刮除后骨水泥填充的治疗方法;Ⅱb期采用瘤段切除大段异体骨移植重建,术后定期随访。结果术后随访2~16年,平均7年。Ⅰ期13例。其中9例GCTB采用病灶刮除,氯化锌烧灼残腔、过氧化氢浸泡后异体植骨的方法进行治疗,无1例复发,肢体无畸形;另4例采取病灶刮除后骨水泥填充,2例复发;Ⅱb期2例采用瘤段切除大段异体骨移植重建愈合良好,无塌陷及骨折,但患肢平均短缩2 cm,无移植排斥,无1例复发。结论Ⅰ(Ⅰa、Ⅰb)期GCTB,病灶刮除、氯化锌烧灼、过氧化氢浸泡后异体植骨可达满意效果,而单纯行病灶刮除后骨水泥填充效果不佳。Ⅱb期GCTB行瘤段切除虽肿瘤无复发,但会对儿童肢体发育产生影响。     

小儿四肢骨骨化性纤维瘤（附五例报告）

小儿四肢骨骨化纤维瘤少见。１９８１－１９８９年间收治５例，均经病理检查证实。均采用瘤灶清除和自身植骨术。５例中４例术后复发，其中２例行整块病骨连同骨膜切除，１例行同侧腓骨内移术，１例带血管腓骨游离植骨，随访１－７年无复发。     

Locations of osteomyelitis in children with sickle-cell disease at Tokoin teaching hospital (Togo)

Background  The sickle-cell children are particularly affected by osteomyelitis in specific locations. This study was done in order to point out the locations of osteomyelitis in children with sickle-cell disease. This direct clinical examination for a quick diagnosis. Materials and methods  This is a retrospective study done by examining files of 43 children (15 girls and 28 boys), aged from 0 to 15 years, treated for osteomyelitis between January 1998 and December 2006. Their phenotypes included 18 SS, 14 SC and 11 AS. Osteomyelitis was acute in 20 cases and chronic in 23 cases. The different localisations are classified according to the type of osteomyelitis and the kind of bones concerned. Results  The 43 children presented 63 locations: 57 on long bones and 6 on short bones. The osteomyelitis was unifocal in 32 cases, and multifocal in 11 cases. The locations on long bones were humeral (18 cases), tibial (12 cases), femoral (9 cases), fibular (7 cases), radial (7 cases) and ulnar (4 cases). The 6 short bones included 3 metacarpus and 3 phalanxes. The 11 multifocal locations concerned 8 SS, 2 AS and 1 SC. In chronic osteomyelitis, 7 patients had sequestrum and 2 had pathological fracture. Conclusion  During examination of sickle-cell children with fever, particular attention must be shown, respectively to the arm, the leg and the thigh, in order to track down quickly, an acute osteomyelitis. Early diagnosis and quick treatment permit to avoid complications and heavy sequela in these children.     

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis with MR correlation: A case report

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is a rare disorder of unknown etiology. The main characteristics on plain X-rays are a lytic destruction in the metaphyseal region of the long bones followed by progressive sclerosis. The symmetrical pattern and the frequent involvement of the sternoclavicular joints and vertebrae are typical. An association with palmoplantar pustulosis has also been described. Laboratory findings are nonspecific. Although MRI is not necessary to make the diagnosis of chronic osteomyelitis, it is useful in assessing the extent and the evolution of the lesions. CRMO of the tibial and fibular bones is described in a 14-year-old girl, who suffered from pain and soft tissue swelling in both ankles. Initial plain X-rays and laboratory findings were normal. After relapsing clinically, progressive sclerosis of both fibular bones occurred. Lytic lesions in the left tibia and both fibular bones were visible. Scintigraphic examination showed pathologic tracer accumulation in both legs. The diagnosis of CRMO was suggested based on CT and MRI findings. CRMO was confirmed after curettage and bone biopsy. Histopathological findings were consistent with active chronic osteomyelitis.     

Neonatal osteomyelitis in Nigerian infants

Twenty-seven Nigerian infants with osteomyelitis during the first 28 days of life are presented to highlight the severity of the clinical manifestations and the radiological features of this infection. The clinical signs include limitation of movement of the extremities involved and localized swelling. Severe constitutional changes such as fever (greater than 39 degrees C) and abdominal distension were common. This contrasts with results from North America and Europe which emphasize the paucity of clinical signs despite involvement of multiple sites. Multiple site involvement was encountered in only eight cases. Staphylococcus aureus, proteus mirabilis and candida albicans were the main pathogens isolated. The long bones were more frequently affected. Aggressive bone destruction was a constant radiological finding peculiar to staphylococcal osteomyelitis while the formation of sequestrum, a rare occurrence in the newborn, was present in six patients. The mortality rate was 7.4% and the morbidity rate was equally low.     

Osteomyelitis in patient with sickle cell disease

From 1977 to 1989, 23 children with sickle cell disease were identified as having 21 episodes of acute and 3 episodes of chronic osteomyelitis, respectively. The responsible organisms were found in 17 cases: Salmonella (12 cases), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (3 cases). Haemophilus influenzae (1 case), Escherichia coli (1 case). The mean age was 7 7/12 years. In 15 patients, osteomyelitis occurred in 1 bone; osteomyelitis of more than one bone was recorded in 9 cases. The most commonly affected bone was the femur (7 episodes); 5 episodes of hand-foot syndrome with osteomyelitis occurred in children in the first 2 years of life (mean age 16 months). Two patients had a Salmonella vertebral osteomyelitis. Incision and drainage were performed in 5 cases and bone aspiration in 9 cases. Etiologic agents were obtained with these two procedures in respectively 5 and 3 cases. Radionuclide scans were used in 7 episodes: uptake on bone scan was increased in 5 cases and normal in 2. In all cases, the outcome was satisfactory. Differentiation from acute bone infarcts in difficult. An extensive workup is required to confirm the diagnosis of infection: early scintigraphy, bone aspiration or surgical biopsy in patients with negative blood cultures should be performed. Until the results of cultures, the antimicrobial regimen chosen for initial therapy should be broad enough to treat the likely etiologic agents including Salmonella.     

MR imaging fails to detect bone marrow oedema in osteomyelitis: report of two cases

Bone marrow oedema is the earliest and most sensitive sign in diagnostic imaging of osteomyelitis. In the two demonstrated cases of acute and chronic osteomyelitis, MRI was not able to detect bone marrow oedema due to accompanying haemosiderosis and sclerosis surrounding a bone abscess. Received: 1 August 1997 Accepted: 20 October 1997     

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis of the spine and mandible: case report and review of the literature

At initial presentation, chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis may mimic acute hematogenous osteomyelitis; however, cultures of affected bone are sterile. Nuclear scintigraphy identifies additional foci of involvement that present concurrently or sequentially. Unlike acute bacterial osteomyelitis, chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis seems unaffected by antibiotic therapy and typically responds to treatment with antiinflammatory drugs. Surgical decortication has been reported for refractory cases. The case presented here illustrates the rare involvement of the mandible after initial presentation in the spine of a 4-year-old girl and the refractory nature of the disease over 6 years despite treatment with various medical and surgical therapies.     

Group A streptococcal osteomyelitis: severe presentation and course

AIM: To evaluate the course of group A streptococcal osteomyelitis associated with severe disease nowadays. METHODS: Three consecutive cases of severe group A streptococcal disease with osteomyelitis in children that were documented in Beer Sheva, Israel are described in detail. RESULTS: Two of the three cases were postvaricella. Early in the course of the disease, the presentation resembled that of severe cellulitis. All three patients had severe osteomyelitis and required surgery, and one patient developed chronic osteomyelitis. Sepsis was diagnosed in two cases. CONCLUSION: Our cases are distinguishable from typical haematogenous staphylococcal osteomyelitis by the severe course and the extensive involvement of bone and soft tissues. The increase in severity of invasive group A streptococcal infections documented throughout the world could account for the difference between our complex cases and the previous reports.     

Osteomyelitis in infants and children. A review of 163 cases.

One hundred sixty-three cases of osteomyelitis in infants and children were seen at our hospital during the past 15 years. There were twice as many boys as girls. Staphylococcus aureus was the major etiologic agent, being identified in 61% of the cases. Gram-negative bacteria were responsible for only 14 cases (9%). The femur, the tibia, or the humerus were affected in 103 of the 152 patients with single bone involvement. Ostoemyelitis of more than one bone was seen in 11 cases (7%). Associated joint infectin was confirmed in 29 patients. There were no deaths. Surgical drainage was carried out in 81 cases (50%). Ten patients had recurrent or persistent drainage and one developed a Brodie abscess. Of the patients with S aureus osteomyelitis, chronic disease occurred in 19% of those receiving parenterally administered antibiotics for three weeks or less, but in only one patient (2%) of those who received parenteral antibiotics longer than three weeks.