Sexual behavior of women taking low-dose oral contraceptive containing 15 microg ethinylestradiol/60 microg gestodene

The objective of this prospective study was to assess the effects of a low-dose oral contraceptive (OC) containing 15 microg ethinylestradiol and 60 microg gestodene on sexuality. Forty-eight healthy volunteers (age range, 18-35 years), having regular menstrual cycles with ovulation, participated in the study. Sexual behavior was assessed using the self-administered Personal Experience Questionnaire, at baseline, and at 3, 6 and 9 months of pill use. Women reported decreased sexual desire (p < 0.005) and sexual activity (p < 0.05) at the 9th month of pill use, and diminished sexual arousal at the 3rd month of pill intake (p < 0.05), with respect to baseline. The frequency of orgasm did not change during OC use (p = NS). Moreover, sexual enjoyment was worse at the 3rd, 6th and 9th month with respect to baseline (p < 0.001). The low dose of ethinylestradiol could cause decreased vaginal lubrication, and diminished sexual arousal could be due to hypoandrogenism. Women may expect increased sexual performance when they take the pill, as compared to before starting contraception. Consequently, they could have an unexpected effect with pill use, though sexuality may remain the same.     

A 13-month multicenter clinical experience of a low-dose monophasic oral contraceptive containing 20 microg ethinylestradiol and 75 microg gestodene in Latin American women

This prospective, multicenter study was conducted to evaluate the contraceptive reliability, cycle control and tolerability of a 21-day oral contraceptive regimen containing 20 μg ethinylestradiol and 75 μg gestodene in four Latin American countries (Mexico, Argentina, Brazil and Colombia). Participants took trial medication daily for 21 days. Contraceptive efficacy, cycle control and tolerability were evaluated over a period of 13 cycles. Efficacy data gathered from 5,109 treatment cycles were obtained from 393 participants. The trial medication proved to be an effective contraceptive and provided good cycle control. One pregnancy because of poor compliance was recorded. This resulted in a study Pearl index of 0.25. Forty-six percent of Latin American women reported one intracyclic spotting bleeding episode and 37.6% reported one intracyclic breakthrough bleeding (medium/excessive bleeding) episode during cycles 2-4 (primary target). Overall, intracyclic bleeding was reported in 41%. Overall, there was a trend towards a lower incidence of spotting in all the countries and this difference had statistical significance between Argentina and the others three countries (p < 0.05) during cycles 2-4. This trend was also apparent with respect to breakthrough bleeding, but again the difference did not achieve statistical significance. The discontinuation rate because of adverse events was low (3%); no serious adverse events were reported. More than 78% of the women in the four countries maintained constant body weight or lost weight (2 kg) during the study. The treatment effect on blood pressure was negligible. There were no appreciable changes in mean laboratory values over the course of the study.     

A comparison of cycle control,efficacy, and side effects among healthy Thai women between two low-dose oral contraceptives containing 20 microg ethinylestradio1/75 microg gestodene (Meliane) and 30 microg ethinylestradio1/75 microg gestodene (Gynera)

The purpose of this study was to compare cycle control, efficacy and side effects of an oral contraceptive containing 20 μg ethinylestradiol and 75 μg gestodene, with a reference preparation containing 30 μg ethinylestradiol combined with 75 μg gestodene. From the study, it was demonstrated that the two regimens had no difference in cycle control, efficacy, and side effects. The occurrence of spotting and breakthrough bleeding was low and was not different between these two preparations. The most common adverse events in both treatment groups were nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and chloasma. There were no statistically significant change in body weight and blood pressure in both groups at the end of study. It is concluded that both preparations are good cycle control, reliable and low side effects oral contraceptives.     

Effect of low-dose combined oral contraceptive on aerobic capacity and anaerobic threshold level in active and sedentary young women

Background

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of long-term use of oral contraceptives (OC) containing 0.20 mg of ethinylestradiol (EE) combined with 0.15 mg of gestodene (GEST) on the peak aerobic capacity and at the anaerobic threshold (AT) level in active and sedentary young women.

Study Design

Eighty-eight women (23±2.1 years old) were divided into four groups — active-OC (G1), active-NOC (G2), sedentary-OC (G3) and sedentary-NOC (G4) — and were submitted to a continuous ergospirometric incremental test on a cycloergometer with 20 to 25 W min⁻¹ increments. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test. Level of significance was set at 5%.

Results

The OC use effect for the variables relative and absolute oxygen uptake V?O₂ mL kg−¹ min⁻¹; V?O₂, L min⁻¹, respectively), carbon dioxide output (V?CO₂, L min⁻¹), ventilation (VE, L min⁻¹), heart rate (HR, bpm), respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and power output (W) data, as well as the interaction between OC use and exercise effect on the peak of test and at the AT level did not differ significantly between the active groups (G1 and G2) and the sedentary groups (G3 and G4). As to the exercise effect, for all variables studied, it was noted that the active groups presented higher values for the variables V?O₂, V?CO₂, VE and power output (p<.05) than the sedentary groups. The RER and HR were similar (p>.05) at the peak and at the AT level between G1 vs. G3 and G2 vs. G4.

Conclusions

Long-term use of OC containing EE 0.20 mg plus GEST 0.15 mg does not affect aerobic capacity at the peak and at the AT level of exercise tests.     

Urban air pollution induces micronuclei in peripheral erythrocytes of mice in vivo

In this study, we explored the role of chronic exposure to urban air pollution in causing DNA damage (micronuclei frequency in peripheral erythrocytes) in rodents in vivo. Mice (n=20) were exposed to the urban atmosphere of S?o Paulo for 120 days (February to June 1999) and compared to animals (n=20) maintained in the countryside (Atibaia) for the same period. Daily levels of inhalable particles (PM10), CO, NO(2), and SO(2), were available for S?o Paulo. Occasional measurements of CO and O(3) were made in Atibaia, showing negligible levels of pollution in the area. The frequency of micronuclei (repeated-measures ANOVA) increased with aging, the highest values obtained for the 90th day of experiment (P<0.001). The exposure to urban air pollution elicited a significant (P=0.016) increase of micronuclei frequency, with no significant interaction with time of study. Associations (Spearman's correlation) between pollution levels of the week that precede blood sampling and micronuclei counts were observed in S?o Paulo. The associations between micronuclei counts and air pollution were particularly strong for pollutants associated with automotive emissions, such as CO (P=0.037), NO(2) (P<0.001), and PM10 (P<0.001). Our results support the concept that urban levels of air pollution may cause somatic mutations.     

Effects of low-dose OCs on weight in women with Central European nutritional habits and lifestyle

The aim of the study was to evaluate the acceptance and tolerance of combined low-dose oral contraceptives (OCs) (containing 20 micro g ethinylestradiol and 75 micro g gestodene) in a cohort of Polish women, and to present a relationship between the use of combined OCs and changes in body weight. Changes in body weight with combined low-dose OC have not been demonstrated in placebo-controlled trials, nor were such trials performed in a population whose nutritional/dietary habits and lifestyle resemble that of the population of Poland.We performed the clinical study on a group of 800 patients living in several regions of Poland. Patients used the low-dose OC for a period of 6 months. They were assessed every third cycle of OC use (initial examination and examinations after three and six cycles of OC use). On the basis of this investigation, a relationship between OC use and weight gain was not found.     

Prospective, open-label, noncomparative study to assess cycle control, safety and acceptability of a new oral contraceptive containing gestodene 60 microg and ethinylestradiol 15 microg (Minesse)

OBJECTIVE: A prospective, open-label, noncomparative, multicenter study was carried out in 163 women aged 18-39 (mean 25+/-5 years), who used an ultra-low-dose oral contraceptive pill (OCP) containing gestodene (GTD) 60 mug/ethinylestradiol (EE) 15 mug for 6 months. The objective of the study was to evaluate the acceptability, safety, bleeding patterns and premenstrual symptomatology in these women. METHODS: Patients used the OCP from Days 1-24, followed by a 4-day pill-free interval from Days 25-28 of the menstrual cycle. Physical and gynecological examinations were carried out at baseline and after 3 and 6 months, at which time blood pressure, weight, hemoglobin, hematocrit, SGOT, SGPT and urinalysis were also assessed. The Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ) was completed on three consecutive days (Days 25-27 of the cycle) at baseline and at the end of the third and sixth cycles. Patients kept a menstrual diary throughout the study. RESULTS: A total of 146 women completed the study. Ten women discontinued because of adverse events and one undesired pregnancy occurred during treatment. No adverse metabolic effects were observed. The adverse event most frequently reported was breakthrough bleeding, which diminished, however, as the time of OC use increased. Cycle length and duration of bleeding decreased significantly with OC use (p<.01 and p<.05, respectively, after 6 months). Intensity of menstrual bleeding tended to decrease with OC use, but this difference was not statistically significant. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly lower after 6 months of OC use compared to baseline (p<.02). No alterations were recorded in body weight or laboratory evaluations. Statistically significant changes were found both in the total MDQ score and in several of the factors evaluated, and patients showed a statistically significant improvement in well-being with respect to premenstrual complaints and symptoms. CONCLUSION: This OC regimen is safe, well-accepted and well-tolerated, affects menstrual patterns beneficially by reducing both the intensity and duration of bleeding, provides good cycle control and improves premenstrual symptomatology.     

The effect on blood pressure of a monophasic oral contraceptive containing ethinylestradiol and gestodene

To obtain an overview of the effect of monophasic gestodene on blood pressure and to determine the frequency of “OC elevated BP/hypertension,” the results of blood pressure monitoring from four clinical studies of contraceptive efficacy and safety have been retrospectively analyzed. A total of 1930 women took part in the studies, which recorded BP for up to 24 cycles. Analysis of results revealed that 97 women (5.0%) showed an increase in blood pressure from previously normal to elevated values while taking monophasic gestodene, with only 26 (1.35%) fulfilling the criteria of “OC elevated BP/hypertension.” Only four women dropped out of the trials due to hypertensive blood pressure values, while 67 women (3.5%) experienced a normalization of previously elevated blood pressure measurements. In conclusion, this analysis has confirmed that gestodene has a negligible effect on blood pressure, with increased BP a relatively rare event.     

HFRT和CFRT模式对乳腺癌患者外周血淋巴细胞的影响

目的 探讨不同放疗分割模式即大分割放疗（hypofractionated radiotherapy, HFRT)和常规分割放疗（conventional fractionation radiotherapy, CFRT)对乳腺癌患者外周血淋巴细胞的影响。方法 回顾性分析2019年11月至2021年8月在徐州市中心医院接受保乳术后放射治疗的40例早期乳腺癌患者。随机分为观察组（HFRT,n=20）与对照组（CFRT,n=20）,比较2组患者放疗前及放疗中的外周血淋巴细胞计数(peripheral lymphocyte count,PLC)变化。结果 大分割组和常规分割组患者的基线PLC无统计学差异（1.53±0.54 vs 1.64±0.56;P> 0.05）。2组的PLC在放疗过程中稳定下降,大分割组淋巴细胞减少发生率低于常规分割组（32.5%vs 50.0%),但差异无统计学意义（P> 0.05）;大分割组的最低点PLC高于常规分割组（0.91±0.28 vs 0.55±0.22;P <0.001）。大分割组治疗期间的最低PLC与基线阶段的比值明显高于常规分割组（0...     

性分化异常患者染色体核型分析

目的:探讨各类性分化异常患者染色体核型异常的发生规律。方法:对120例患者外周血淋巴细胞进行常规培养、制片、G显带核型分析,必要时做C带分析。结果:共检出异常核型32例,检出率为26.67%。结论:对疑为性分化异常的患者进行染色体检查,对临床诊断及指导治疗具有重要意义。     

Chromosomal aberrations and frequency of micronuclei in sheep subchronically exposed to the fungicide Euparen Multi (tolylfluanid)

We analyzed chromosome aberrations, micronucleus frequency, mitotic index (MI), and nuclear division index (NDI) in peripheral lymphocytes of sheep subchronically exposed to the fungicide Euparen Multi (containing 50% tolylfluanid). Euparen Multi was administered by rumen sonde to group of Merino sheep (seven sheep/group) at 93 mg/kg body weight (1/20 LD50) daily for 28 days to assess its genotoxic effects. The frequencies of aberrant cells (ABC) in the experimental and control groups were 5.50+/-1.38% and 2.40+/-1.14%, respectively, and the increase in ABC in the treated group was significant (P = 0.003). Significantly increased numbers of chromatid breaks (5.67+/-1.21% against 2.40+/-1.14%; P = 0.001), chromatid gaps (10.33+/-2.73% against 4.00+/-1.23%; P = 0.001), and chromosome gaps (1.83+/-0.75% against 0.80+/-0.45%; P = 0.025) and exchanges (3.17+/-1.94% against 0.20+/-0.45%; P = 0.009) were observed in exposed animals in comparison to control animals. The frequency of micronuclei (MN) was 29.40+/-5.86 per 1000 binucleated cells in peripheral lymphocytes of sheep in the control group and 49.57+/-19.12 per 1000 binucleated cells in the treated group. A significant increase in the frequency of MN in peripheral lymphocytes also was observed between the two groups (P = 0.0477). No statistical differences in MI and NDI values were found in the groups (P = 0.181 and 0.761, respectively). Thus, our results suggest that exposure to Euparen Multi may cause genome damage in somatic cells.     

醋酸铅染毒人外周血淋巴细胞诱发XRCC1、hOGG1基因表达变化的研究

目的 研究醋酸铅染毒人外周血淋巴细胞对XRCC1、hOGG1基因表达变化的影响。方法 用0、20、40和80μmol/L浓度醋酸铅染毒人外周血淋巴细胞24h, 采用qPCR法和Western-Blot法测定XRCC1、hOGG1基因的mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果 与对照组相比,醋酸铅染毒诱导人外周血淋巴细胞XRCC1、hOGG1基因的mRNA和蛋白表达水平随醋酸铅染毒浓度增加而下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 醋酸铅染毒抑制XRCC1、hOGG1基因表达水平,导致细胞对DNA损伤修复能力下降。     

Effect of a continuous regimen of contraceptive combination of ethinylestradiol and drospirenone on lipid, carbohydrate and coagulation profiles

Background

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a contraceptive pill containing ethinylestradiol (30 mcg) and drospirenone (3 mg) in a continuous regimen on lipid, carbohydrate and coagulation parameters.

Study Design

This open, prospective, randomized study included 78 participants (mean age 27.8 years) who were randomized into two groups to use the pill continuously for 168 days or for six 28-day cycles with a 7-day hormone-free interval between cycles. Markers of lipid, carbohydrate and coagulation profiles were measured prior to initiation and after the 6 months of pill use.

Results

No statistically significant differences were found between the two contraceptive regimens with respect to carbohydrate or lipid profiles or in the parameters related to coagulation.

Conclusions

The contraceptive combination of ethinylestradiol and drospirenone used in a continuous regimen was associated with metabolic alterations similar to those found during the traditional cyclic regimen of oral contraceptive use.     

Cytogenotoxicity of sewage sludge leachate before and after calcium oxide-based solidification in human lymphocytes

Present study aimed to establish the chemical composition of sewage sludge leachate before/after calcium oxide-based solidification using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF). The other aim was to determine leachate effects on human lymphocyte and DNA integrity in vitro using a battery of bioassays (DNA diffusion assay, micronucleus test and comet assay) to determine effects of those complex mixtures of elements on cell and DNA integrity. EDXRF showed that nickel concentration in the leachate of untreated sludge was 18.5 times higher than the upper permissible limit for inert waste landfills. Other elements were kept below the permissible values. After sludge solidification, leachate concentrations of Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb dropped 1.6, 2.7, 37, 5.9, 3.2, 7.8, and 2.6 times, respectively. Untreated sludge leachate was cytogenotoxic to lymphocytes, and may lead to adverse effects on the exposed human populations, but calcium oxide-based solidification reduced these effects in significant manner.     

系统性红斑狼疮伴肺部感染患者外周血T淋巴细胞和NK细胞水平及其临床意义

目的分析系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)伴肺部感染患者外周血T淋巴细胞、自然杀伤(NK)细胞的检测水平及其临床意义。方法将2016年3月-2019年8月在天津市第五中心医院感染免疫科住院治疗的48例SLE合并肺部感染患者纳入SLE合并肺部感染组,另101例SLE未合并感染患者纳入SLE未合并感染组,另选取同期于医院健康体检中心年龄匹配的30名健康成年人作为健康对照组;比较三组T淋巴细胞、NK细胞及不同疾病活动状态下SLE合并肺部感染患者T淋巴细胞、NK细胞水平;并绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析T淋巴细胞、NK细胞对SLE患者肺部感染的预测价值。结果 SLE未合并感染组和SLE合并感染组CD₃⁺计数、CD₄⁺计数、CD₈⁺计数、CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺比值、NK细胞计数分别为(1 210.36±474.25)个/μl、(485.27±110.69)个/μl、(464.27±180.61)个/μl、(1.16±0.61)、(39.82±10.64)个/μl和(642.48±498.22)个/μl、(173.58±96.42)个/μl、(265.48±110.37)个/μl、(0.92±0.60)、(26.57±4.88)个/μl,低于对照组,且SLE合并感染组以上指标低于SLE未合并感染组(P<0.05);SLE稳定合并肺部感染患者和SLE活动合并肺部感染患者CD₃⁺计数、CD₄⁺计数、CD₈⁺计数、CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺比值、NK细胞计数低于SLE稳定无肺部感染患者、SLE活动无肺部感染患者(P<0.05);T淋巴细胞、NK细胞预测SLE肺部感染时,以CD₄⁺计数的AUC值最高,cut-off为331.69个/μl,其预测SLE肺部感染的敏感性、特异性为93.75%、96.04%。结论较单纯SLE患者,合并肺部感染患者T淋巴细胞、NK细胞明显偏低,并可在一定程度上对SLE肺部感染发挥一定预测价值,值得临床重视。     

某退役铀矿山周围居民淋巴细胞微核率分析

目的 调查某退役铀矿山周围居民外周血淋巴细胞微核情况,初步探讨环境因素对微核的影响,为综合治理退役铀矿周围环境提供科学依据。方法 采集100名退役铀矿山周围居民外周静脉血,用常规淋巴细胞微核培养法,检查淋巴细胞微核,进行统计分析。结果 在100名居民中,微核检出率为88.0%,细胞微核率（9.46±6.62）‰、微核细胞率为（8.77±5.92）‰;按性别和年龄分别分组分析得出,细胞微核率和微核细胞率整体随着年龄的增加而增加,但男性和女性增加的速度和幅度在各年龄段稍有不同,男性各组间无明显差异（P>0.05）,女性微核细胞率各组间无明显差异（P>0.05）,细胞微核率各组间差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 该退役铀矿山周围居民外周血淋巴细胞微核检出率、淋巴细胞微核率和微核细胞率远超过国内外报道的本底范围,应对退役铀矿周围环境采取更具针对性的综合治理措施,以确保退役铀矿山周围居民的健康。     

不同粒径大气颗粒物中金属元素含量及其对人双核淋巴细胞微核率的影响

运用ＤＦＪ－１型五段分级采样器采集太原市居民区大气颗粒物,用原子吸收分光光度法测定不同粒径颗粒物上４种金属元素Ｎｉ、Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ和Ｃｒ的含量,以双核淋巴细胞微核试验检测不同粒径颗粒物的诱变性。结果显示：太原市居民区大气颗粒物污染严重;颗粒物越小,所含金属元素量越多,小于１．１μｍ的颗粒物含金属元素量最多;不同粒径颗粒物提取液均可诱发双核细胞微核增加,尤以１．１μｍ下颗粒物诱发微核率较强,表明颗粒物具有致突变作用     

孕产妇初乳及外周血矿物质含量及相关性分析

目的 了解孕产妇初乳及外周血矿物质含量及其相关性.方法 选取2019年5月在首都医科大学附属复兴医院生产的80名孕产妇为研究对象,收集其初乳及外周血.后采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱及原子荧光光谱测定其中9种矿物质含量,后利用SPSS 21.0探讨初乳中矿物质间及其与外周血之间的相关性.结果 检测的9种矿物质中,初...     

Effect of sulfur dioxide hydrates on cell cycle, sister chromatid exchange, and micronuclei in barley

The effects of sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) hydrates exposure on cell cycle, sister chromatid exchange (SCE), and micronuclei (MN) were investigated in barley (Hordeum vulgare) roots. A mixture of sodium bisulfite and sodium sulfite (1:3), at various concentrations from 1x10(-5) to 3x10(-2)M, was used for the treatments. The results showed that the mixture induced the formation of SCE and MN in barley root cells with different effective concentrations and with different trends as treatment concentrations increased. At high concentrations of 0.5-30.0mM, SO(2) hydrates inhibited the mitotic activity and the growth of barley roots by cell cycle delay and cell death, but at 0.1mM, the chemicals slightly stimulated mitotic activity and root growth. These remarkable effects in causing DNA damage and consequent chromosome damage suggest that SO(2) is genotoxic agent and its genotoxicity may influence the mitotic activity and plant growth under SO(2) stress.