狂犬病疫苗接种982例效果观察

采用ELISA法，对982例接种狂犬疫苗者血清进行狂犬病毒抗体测定，平均抗体阳性率为90．12％。个体年龄差异对狂犬病毒抗体形成有一定的影响。全程、规范注射狂犬病纯化疫苗是预防狂犬病发生的最有效的方法。     

2020—2022年北京市昌平区狂犬疫苗接种门诊动物致伤及免疫人群流行病学分析

目的 通过分析北京市昌平区狂犬疫苗接种门诊（简称狂犬门诊）狂犬疫苗免疫人群的动物致伤及人群免疫情况,为制定下一步狂犬病防控政策提供依据。方法 收集2020—2022年昌平区狂犬门诊动物致伤及狂犬疫苗接种数据,并开展流行病学分析。结果 2020—2022年昌平区免疫人数共82 329人,男女性别比1∶1.17;接种时间在5—10月较为集中;免疫人群年龄集中在20～49岁、占60.77%;免疫人群中共有81 866人致伤,致伤部位以手部最多、占58.12%,其次为下肢、占22.61%;致伤动物以猫为主、占53.88%,其次为犬致伤、占40.06%;Ⅲ级暴露者占37.12%,其中使用被动制剂比例较低仅为31.67%。结论 致伤人数逐年上升;Ⅲ级暴露后使用被动免疫制剂比例较低;根据致伤数高的季节可进行疫苗储备;建议加强公众狂犬病防制知识宣传及狂犬门诊工作人员培训。     

接种国产纯化狂犬疫苗免疫2137例效果分析

目的 为了解国产纯化狂犬疫苗接种后的免疫效果，探讨其影响免疫效果的有关因数。方法 以接种5—9针疫苗的受伤者为研究对象，每位对象取静脉血3m1分离血清按1：10稀释，应用ELISA法进行抗-RA检测。结果 国产纯化狂犬疫苗全程免疫后（5针次）抗-RA阳转率为99．20％，其中男性阳转率为99．16％，女性阳转率为99．24％，9针次后，阳转率为100％。结论 纯化狂犬疫苗全程免疫后（5针次）抗-RA阳转率为99．20％，未注射狂犬疫苗的正常人血清65例抗-RA全部阴性，提示正常人在未注射狂犬疫苗的情况下。无隐性感染存在。     

2463例狂犬病疫苗免疫后抗体水平及其影响因素分析

狂犬病是一种人兽共患的自然疫源性疾病 ,目前尚无治疗药物 ,死亡率几乎为 10 0 %。随着人民生活水平的提高 ,宠物热日益升温 ,而“健康犬”的带毒率为 3 92 %～17 9% 〔1,2〕,患狂犬病的可能性亦随之增加。而预防发病的关键措施是开展有效的狂犬疫苗预防接种 ,快速、敏感的检测免疫者抗体情况也是非常必要的。现将 2 4 6 3例狂犬疫苗免疫后抗体结果分析如下。1　对象与方法1 1　对象　被犬等动物咬伤或抓伤者 ,常规 5针肌注狂犬疫苗 ,最后一针免疫后 15～ 2 0d ,采静脉血检测抗体 ,对阴性者再 0 ,7d加强免疫两针 ,15～ 2 0d后复检抗体。1 2…     

IFAT及ELISA检测狂犬病疫苗接种者早期血清抗体结果分析

目的观察接种狂犬病疫苗人群早期抗体产生水平,探讨国产ELISA试剂盒用于检测狂犬病疫苗接种人群早期狂犬病抗体水平的可行性及其在狂犬病防治中的实用性。方法应用IFAT及ELISA法检测狂犬病疫苗接种者血清狂犬病毒抗体,以ROC分析各检测方法的特异性、敏感性。结果对第14d、30d血清检测,各方法检出的抗体阳性率之间存在高度显著性差异,其中以ELISA-AROC曲线下的面积最大。应用不同批号ELISA-A检测第14、30及45d血清,仅第14d血清各抗体阳性率之间存在高度显著性差异,而第30、45d无显著性差异,第30、45d血清抗体阳性率及抗体滴度均普遍高于第14d。结论不同产家的狂犬病抗体ELISA检测试剂盒质量存在极大差异;其中以ELISA-A特异性、敏感性最好。试剂盒质量对第14d血清检测结果的影响要大于对第30、45d血清的检测结果,目前国产ELISA试剂盒不宜用于狂犬病疫苗接种者早期血清学免疫效果评价。     

地鼠肾细胞狂犬病疫苗联合抗狂犬病血清对接触后处理的效果观察

凡被狂犬病疯动物咬伤者,通常认为应尽早接受自动和被动免疫,才可收到满意的保护效果。我国自70年代后期研制成地鼠肾细胞狂犬病疫苗以来(以下简称肾苗),国内一般认为对轻度咬伤者,及时使用肾苗即有一定护保效果;但对严重咬伤者,则主张肾苗联合使用抗狂犬病血清(以下简称为抗血清)。有关两者联合使用后的抗体动态变化国内尚未见报道。针对上述问题,我们于1983年在安徽阜阳地区进行了一些观察,现报告如下。 材科和方法 二、观察对象 凡被具有典型狂犬病症状(乱跑、乱咬、乱吠,短时间内连续咬伤多人)的疯狗咬     

狂犬病疫苗皮内接种一次作为基础免疫的效果观察

狂犬病疫苗皮内接种一次作为基础免疫的效果观察杨裕华，张进贵，黄捷通，刘传新，陶小润，陈伟迄今为止，用现行的组织培养疫苗对暴露于狂犬病毒者进行免疫预防均报告在疫苗接种后仍有发病的情况［１，２］。我国自八十年代开始用地鼠肾组织细胞狂犬病疫苗（ＰＨＫＣＶ）...     

5119例狂犬病疫苗全程免疫接种者血清抗体水平检测结果分析

目的了解狂犬病疫苗全程免疫后抗体产生情况及其影响因素,为狂犬病疫苗预防接种工作提供依据。方法采用ELISA法对5119例于我院全程接种狂犬病疫苗者进行抗狂犬病病毒抗体检测并分析结果。结果5119份血清标本中抗体阳性5035份,总阳性率98．36％。其中男性及女性阳性率分别为97．91％、98．75％;P〈0．05。0—19岁、20～59岁及〉60岁者抗体阳性率分别为99．3％、98、4％、96．3％,两两比较,P均〈0．05;即随着年龄增大,接种疫苗后抗体阳性率呈下降趋势。结论性别对狂犬疫苗接种后抗体的产生有影响;随着年龄的增长,注射疫苗后抗体阳性率逐渐下降。对接种后抗体阴性者应再次进行全程免疫。     

70例狂犬疫苗接种者的免疫效果分析

目前国内使用地鼠肾细胞培养狂犬病佐剂疫苗,对预防狂犬病的发生,减少发生起到了重要的作用。为了进一步探讨狂犬疫苗免疫学效果及如何合理的使用,给狂犬病的预防工作提供可靠依据,特对疫苗接种者进行效果检测,现将结果报告如下：材料及方法1检测对象：被可疑疯动物咬伤或抓伤人群,按常规免疫程序（0、3、7、14、30,2．SIU／针）,注射成都生物制品研究所产的在有效期内的狂犬疫苗,于最后一针注射后的15d采血,分离血清,进行抗体检测,抗体MI：16的部分人,再进行加强;＜1：8者的加强2针（即常规免疫第1针后的52、66d各1针）,…     

辐照致弱血吸虫尾蚴在小动物中诱导的保护力及其影响因素

动物免疫/攻击感染实验显示,辐照致弱尾蚴在多种动物模型能诱导出高水平保护力.与辐照致弱曼氏血吸虫(Schistosoma mansoni,S.m)尾蚴诱导产生稳定高保护力相比,辐照致弱日本血吸虫(Schistosoma japonicum,S.j)尾蚴在小动物(特别是小鼠)中诱导产生的保护力常不稳定,可能与尾蚴的生物学特性、免疫程序、实验条件以及所采用的动物品系等因素有关,目前尚缺乏公认的能对其产生稳定高保护力的小鼠品系.该文就辐照致弱尾蚴在小动物尤其是小鼠诱导产生的抗感染保护力,特别是其影响因素作一综述,为构建S.j辐照致弱尾蚴的高保护力动物模型提供参考.     

A new candidate vaccine for human brucellosis based on influenza viral vectors: a preliminary investigation for the development of an immunization schedule in a guinea pig model

Background::A new candidate vector vaccine against human brucellosis based on recombinant influenza viral vectors (rIVV) subtypes H5N1 expressing Brucell...     

第1、2代酶联免疫试剂检测重型病毒性肝炎患者抗-HCV结果的比较

目的 比较第1代和第2代酶联免疫(ELISA)检测试剂盒检测重型肝炎患者的抗-HCV阳性率。方法 1984～1990年期间住院的重型肝炎患者78例。治疗前留置血清使用美国Ortho公司的第1代酶联免疫检测试剂盒检测抗-HCV；1997～2003年期间住院的重型肝炎患者251例，于治疗前使用国产第2代酶联免疫检测试剂盒(厦门新创)检测抗-HCV。结果 使用第1代ELISA检测的抗-HCV阳性率为51．9％，使用第2代ELISA试剂检测的抗HCV阳性率为1．2％，两组比较，差异有显著性(x^2=133．68，P≤0．001)。结论 使用第2代ELISA试剂检测重型肝炎患者血清抗-HCV的阳性率明显低于第1代ELISA检测的阳性率。     

高吸气峰压诱发呼吸机所致肺损伤及呼气末气道正压的保护作用

目的:探讨呼气末气道正压(PEEP)对高吸气峰压(PIP)所致肺损伤的保护作用。方法:20只成年SD大鼠随机分成四组,每组5只,对照组手术完毕后处死,其余三组给予机械通气:1 P10组,设置吸气峰压值为(PIP,cm H2O)/频率(f,次/分)/吸呼比(I:E)/呼气末正压(PEEP,cm H2O)为10/40/1∶1/0;2 P50组,设置PIP/f/I∶E/PEEP为50/20/1∶1/0;3 PEEP组,设置PIP/f/I:E/PEEP为50/40/1;1/10,20分钟后处死。观察呼吸机潮气量(VT)、呼吸系统阻力(Rrs)和动态肺顺应性(Cdyn),测定动脉血氧分压(Pa O2)。实验结束后测定肺组织含气容积密度(VV)、肺髓过氧化物酶(MPO)和白细胞介素-8(IL-8)含量。结果:与P10组比较,P50组VT、Rrs、MPO和IL-8均显著增加(P0.05或P0.01),而Pa O2、Cdyn和VV显著降低(均P0.05);PEEP组上述各指标均显著优于P50组(P0.05或P0.01)。P10和对照组间上述指标均相近。结论:高气道压MV诱发明显VILI,加用PEEP可以保护肺结构和功能,减轻肺损伤。     

Comparison of the metabolic effects of mixed meal and standard oral glucose tolerance test on glucose,insulin and C-peptide response in healthy,impaired glucose tolerance,mild and severe non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects

Dietary constituents other than glucose can influence insulin secretion in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and administration of a standard mixed meal has been proposed as a more physiological test in regard to human diet for evaluating the patient both at the time of diagnosis and during follow-up. This study was carried out to compare the effects of a standard meal and the oral glucose tolerance test on glucose, insulin and C-peptide plasma levels in four groups of subjects: healthy controls, subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, patients with mild non-insulin-dependent diabetes, and non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients with secondary failure to oral agents. Plasma glucose values were significantly higher after the oral glucose tolerance test than after the mixed meal in all four groups of subjects. Plasma insulin and C-peptide values were similar during the two tests in all groups of subjects except in non-insulin-dependent diabetics with secondary failure (flattened curves). Insulin and C-peptide responses per unit rise in blood glucose were significantly higher after the oral glucose tolerance test than after the mixed meal both in mild non-insulin-dependent diabetics (P<0.05 andP<0.05) and in non-insulin-dependent diabetics in secondary failure (P<0.01 andP<0.05). There was significant correlation between oral glucose tolerance test and mixed meal glucose incremental areas (r=0.511,P<0.001). The diagnostic relevance of the test was evaluated by comparing the 120 min plasma glucose levels following mixed meal and oral glucose tolerance test: there was a significant correlation between the values in the two tests (r=0.956,P<0.001); the differences among the four groups were statistically significant and there was a partial overlap between healthy controls and impaired glucose tolerance patients: 93±3 versus 111±7 mg/dl for controls; 107±3 versus 161±5 mg/dl for impaired glucose tolerance patients; 204±11 versus 284±12 mg/dl for mild non-insulin-dependent diabetics; 309±9 versus 440±17 mg/dl for NID diabetics in secondary failure. The sensitivity of the test was 73% and specificity 100%. The mixed meal is proposed for clinical practice as a more physiological test than the standard oral glucose tolerance test for further characterization and longitudinal evaluation of patients with impaired glucose tolerance or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.     

The effects of metformin on adipocyte insulin action and metabolic control in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes

To investigate the mechanisms of action of metformin, insulin receptor binding and the activity of several insulin-controlled metabolic pathways were measured in adipocytes taken from 10 obese Type 2 diabetic patients treated for 4 weeks with either metformin (0.5 g x 3 daily) or matching placebo using a double-blind crossover design. Metformin therapy was associated with a significant fall in serum fructosamine levels (3.1 +/- 0.4 vs 2.8 +/- 0.4 mmol l-1, p less than 0.02) as well as fasting (10.8 +/- 2.4 vs 9.4 +/- 2.1 mmol l-1) and daytime (11.5 +/- 2.4 vs 10.0 +/- 2.2 mmol l-1) plasma glucose concentrations (p less than 0.05). Fasting and postprandial plasma levels of C-peptide and insulin were unchanged. While fasting plasma lactate concentrations remained unaltered after metformin, a rise was noted in response to meals (from 1.4 +/- 0.1 to 1.8 +/- 0.2 mmol l-1, p less than 0.05). Adipocyte insulin receptor binding was unaffected by drug treatment. Moreover, no insulin-like effects or post-binding potentiation of insulin action could be found on adipocyte glucose transport, glucose oxidation, lipogenesis, glycolysis or antilipolysis. A complementary in vitro study using adipocytes from non-obese healthy volunteers failed to show any direct effect of metformin on adipocyte insulin binding or glucose transport and metabolism, at media drug concentrations corresponding to therapeutic plasma levels.     

The effects of old age and immobility on protein turnover in human subjects with some observations on the possible role of hormones

Protein turnover (PT), synthesis (PS) and breakdown (PB) were studied using L-(1-14C)-leucine and primed continuous infusion of 14C-HCO3 over a 6-h study period in three groups: group 1 (n = 9) fit old; group 2 (n = 6) fit young; and group 3 (n = 13) immobile old. Plasma cortisol, growth hormone (GH) and insulin levels were measured during the studies. There were significant reductions in PT (p less than 0.02), PB (p less than 0.02) and PS (p less than 0.01) in fit old compared to fit young subjects. Comparison between fit old versus immobile old subjects revealed that the immobile group (Group 3) had higher PT (p less than 0.05), PB (p less than 0.05) and PS (p less than 0.01) rates. The rates of protein turnover and components in group 3 were similar to those in group 2. There was greater variance in protein balance in the immobile subjects. Significantly higher plasma cortisols were found in the immobile than in the healthy old subjects. The immobile group had higher GH levels in response to feeding but there was no difference in insulin response to feeding. These higher plasma cortisol and GH levels may be partly responsible for the changes in PT found in immobile elderly patients.     

氧合导向最佳呼气末正压对急性呼吸窘迫综合征犬肺局部气体分布和炎症反应的影响

目的 探讨氧合导向最佳呼气末正压(PEEP)对急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)犬肺组织局部气体分布和炎症反应的影响.方法 静脉注射油酸(油酸组,8只)、肺泡灌洗生理盐水(生理盐水组,8只)复制犬ARDS模型.模型成功后给予氧合导向最佳PEEP进行机械通气,基础状态、模型复制成功及机械通气4 h后均行肺部CT扫描,观察肺局部气体分布.4 h后处死犬,留取肺组织观察病理改变,凝胶迁移率改变电泳(EMSA)测肺组织NF-κB活性,比色法测肺组织髓过氧化物酶(MPO)和丙二醛(MDA)含量,ELISA测肺组织IL-6、IL-10含量.结果 (1)与基础状态比,2组犬模型复制成功后,总肺容积均显著减少,不通气区肺容积明显增加;与模型复制成功时比,2组犬在最佳氧合法确定PEEP水平,CT扫描显示低通气区及不通气区肺容积明显减少,正常通气肺组织增加,但过度膨胀区肺容积也显著增加,以腹侧(非重力依赖区)肺泡过度膨胀明显.与油酸组比,在最佳氧合法确定PEEP水平,生理盐水组过度膨胀区肺容积增多更显著.(2)2组犬肺右下叶腹侧组织损伤评分均明显高于右上叶,肺右下叶背侧组织损伤评分均明显高于右上叶、右下叶腹侧;肺右下叶背侧组织NF-κB活性均明显高于右上叶;肺右下叶背侧、右下叶腹侧组织MPO和MDA含量均明显高于右上叶;肺右下叶背侧组织IL-6、IL-10含量均明显高于右上叶、右下叶腹侧.结论 以氧合导向最佳PEEP致ARDS肺非重力依赖区过度膨胀,加重局部肺损伤.生理盐水组犬肺过度膨胀更显著.