P33ING1、p53在膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达及与细胞凋亡的相关性

目的：探讨抑癌基因P33ING1在膀胱移行细胞癌（BTCC）中的表达及其与p53蛋白表达及细胞凋亡的相关性。方法：利用免疫组化S-P法和TUNEL法检测83例BTCC及11例正常膀胱黏膜组织P33ING1、p53的表达及细胞凋亡指数（AI）。结果：83例膀胱移行细胞癌组织中,P33ING1蛋白的阳性表达率为59.03%,而正常膀胱黏膜组织中P33ING1蛋白阳性表达率为90.9%。P33ING1蛋白表达与膀胱移行细胞癌的WHO肿瘤分级有相关性。Spearman相关分析表明P33ING1蛋白表达与p53蛋白表达正相关（P〈0.05）。AI与P33ING1及p53蛋白表达无相关性。结论：P33ING1在膀胱移行细胞癌中表达下降可能在膀胱移行细胞癌的发生、发展过程中起重要作用,P33ING1与p53基因具有协同作用,同时检测p53的状态和P33ING1表达水平,对于膀胱癌的诊断、治疗和预后判断可能具有积极意义。     

P33ING1在膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达及其与肿瘤细胞凋亡的研究

目的探讨抑癌基因P33ING1在膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达及其与肿瘤细胞凋亡的相关性。方法应用免疫组化S-P法和TUNEL法,检测83例BTCC及11例正常膀胱黏膜组织中P33ING1表达情况及细胞凋亡指数(AI)。结果 83例膀胱移行细胞癌组织中,P33ING1蛋白阳性表达率为59.03%,而正常膀胱黏膜组织中P33ING1蛋白阳性表达率为90.9%。P33ING1蛋白表达与膀胱移行细胞癌WHO肿瘤分级相关。AI与P33ING1蛋白表达无相关性。结论 P33ING1表达水平下降,可能在膀胱移行细胞癌的发生、发展过程中起重要作用,检测P33ING1表达水平,对膀胱癌的诊断、治疗和预后判断,可能具有重要意义。     

P33ING1、p53基因在膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达及其意义

目的探讨抑癌基因P33ING1在膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达及其与p53蛋白表达的相关性。方法采用免疫组化S-P法,检测83例膀胱移行细胞癌及11例正常膀胱黏膜组织中P33ING1、p53的表达。结果83例膀胱移行细胞癌组织中P33ING1蛋白阳性表达率为59．03％,而正常膀胱黏膜组织中P33ING1蛋白阳性表达率为90．90％。P33ING1蛋白表达与膀胱移行细胞癌的WHO肿瘤分级相关。根据Spearman相关分析表明P33INGI蛋白表达与p53蛋白表达呈正相关关系（P〈0．05）。结论P33ING1基因可能在膀胱移行细胞癌的发生、发展过程中起重要作用,P33ING1与p53基因具有协同作用,同时检测p53和P33ING1表达水平,对膀胱癌的诊断、治疗和预后判断可能具有积极意义。     

膀胱移行细胞癌中MDR、p53表达及细胞凋亡的意义

目的:探讨膀胱移行细胞癌(BTCC)中P-gP、p53基因及细胞凋亡表达的意义.方法:利用免疫组化S-P法和TUNEL法检测83例BTCC的P-gP、p53的表达及细胞凋亡指数(AI).结果:在83例膀胱移行细胞癌中P-gp阳性表达率为71.08%,p53阳性表达率为50.60%,AI为1.4335±0.3863;P-gp阳性表达在不同病理分级、临床分期及预后中无显著性差异(P＞0.05),p53及AI随着病理分级和临床分期而增高,均有显著性(P＜0.05),p53阳性表达复发组高于无复发组(P＜0.01),AJ复发组高于无复发组(P＜0.05).结论:检测P-gp可指导BTCC的化疗药物选择,p53高表达、细胞凋亡指数增高与BTCC的进展有关,P-gp、p53及AI高表达者预后及疗效差,p53可作为BTCC独立的预后因素.     

膀胱癌细胞凋亡及p53基因表达的意义

目的探讨膀胱癌细胞凋亡及p53基因表达的意义。方法采用免疫组织化学方法及TUNEL法,检测11例正常膀胱黏膜和83例膀胱移行细胞癌中p53基因的表达及细胞凋亡指数。结果83例膀胱移行细胞癌中p53阳性50.6%,凋亡指数(AI)=1.4335±0.3863。p53阳性表达与膀胱癌病理分级及临床分期呈正相关(γ=0.492,P<0.01;γ=0.341,P<0.01);凋亡指数(AI)与膀胱癌病理分级及临床分期呈正相关(γ=0.642,P=0.000<0.01;γ=0.455,P=0.000<0.01);AI与p53表达无相关性。AI、p53表达与患者5年生存率有关。结论临床联合运用临床分期及病理分级并检测p53可用于判断膀胱移行细胞癌的预后。     

膀胱癌细胞凋亡、P-gP、MDM2、p53基因表达的意义

目的:研究膀胱癌细胞凋亡、P-gp、MDM2、p53基因表达的意义。方法:采用免疫组化法及TUNEL法检测11例正常膀胱黏膜和83例膀胱移行细胞癌中P-gp、MDM2、p53基因的表达及细胞凋亡指数(AI)。结果:83例膀胱移行细胞癌中P-gp阳性71.08%,p53阳性50.6%,MDM2阳性59.03%,AI=1.4335±0.3863。MDM2阳性表达与病理分级及临床分期呈负相关(r=-0.263,P=0.016及r=-0.388,P=0.001);p53阳性表达与病理分级及临床分期呈正相关(r=0.492,P=0.001;r=0.341,P<0.01);P-gp阳性表达与病理分级及临床分期无相关性;P-gp、MDM2、p53 3种蛋白间表达无相关性;AI与MDM2呈负相关(r=-0.226,P=0.042);AI与病理分级及临床分期呈正相关(r=0.642,P=0.000;r=0.455,P=0.000);AI与P-gp、p53无相关性。AI、p53、MDM2的表达与5年生存率有关。结论:检测P-gp可指导膀胱癌化疗药物的选择;联合运用临床分期及病理分级并检测p53、MDM2可用于判断膀胱移行细胞癌的预后。     

survivin在膀胱移行细胞癌组织中的表达及与Caspase-3、p53相关性的研究

目的:研究凋亡抑制基因survivin蛋白在膀胱移行细胞癌(BTCC)中的表达及与Caspase-3、p53表达的相关性.方法:应用SP免疫组织化学法检测50例BTCC及10例正常膀胱黏膜组织石蜡切片中survivin蛋白与Caspase-3蛋白、p53蛋白表达,结合临床资料进行分析.结果:survivin在BTCC标本中阳性表达率为76.0%(38/50),在正常组织中不表达,与BTCC的组织学分级、预后显著相关(均P<0.05),但与临床病理分期无关(P>0.05);p53阳性表达率为68.0%(34/50),与对照组阳性表达率30%(3/10)相比有统计学意义(P<0.05);Caspase-3阳性表达率为36.0%(18/50),与对照组阳性率90%(9/10)相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).survivin与Caspase-3表达呈显著负性相关(r=-0.457,P<0.05),survivin与p53表达呈显著正性相关(r=0.317,P<0.05).结论:survivin在BTCC中高表达提示该基因在BTCC发生发展中有着重要的作用,Caspase-3失表达、p53突变与survivin阳性表达可能在BTCC的形成过程中起协同作用,对于判断BTCC预后有重要指导意义.     

FHIT、p21waf1/cip1基因在膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达与意义

目的通过测定脆性组氨酸三联体基因(FHIT)及p21waf1/cip1基因在膀胱移行细胞癌组织、正常膀胱组织中的表达,探讨FHIT基因以及p21waf1/cip1基因与膀胱癌的关系及其临床意义.方法采用免疫组织化学SP法对43例膀胱移行细胞癌(BTCC)组织及14例正常膀胱组织中的FHIT基因及p21waf1/cip1基因的蛋白表达进行检测.结果FHIT蛋白表达与肿瘤的分期、分级无相关性(P＞0.05)而p21waf1/cip1蛋白的表达与之有相关性(P＜0.05);FHIT蛋白的表达在GI肿瘤、浅表性肿瘤中明显低于在正常膀胱组织中的表达(P＜0.05)而p21waf1/cip1蛋白的表达在上述组织比较中无差别(P＞0.05);FHIT蛋白的表达在初发肿瘤中与复发肿瘤中无明显差别(P＞0.05)而p21waf1/cip1蛋白的表达在上述两种组织比较有明显差别(P＜0.05).FHIT蛋白与p21waf1/cip1蛋白的表达没有相关性(P＞0.05).结论FHIT基因可能成为早期诊断膀胱移行细胞癌的指标.p21waf1/cip1基因可能成为估计膀胱移行细胞癌的恶性程度及肿瘤侵袭性、预后的指标.FHIT基因在膀胱移行细胞癌中的作用机制可能与p21waf1/cip1基因没有关系.     

环氧合酶-2与HER-2、p53在膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达及其相关性

目的探讨COX-2、HER-2和p53在膀胱移行细胞癌（BTCC）发生发展中其蛋白产物表达情况以及它们可能存在的相关性。方法采用免疫组织化学方法检测56例膀胱癌组织及10例正常膀胱组织中COX-2、HER-2和p53的表达情况。结果(1)56例膀胱移行细胞癌组织中COX-2、HER-2和p53阳性表达率分别为57.1%（32/56）、51.8%（29/56）和50%（28/56）,与正常膀胱黏膜组织中阳性表达率相比较,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05),COX-2、p53和HER-2蛋白在膀胱移行细胞癌中的阳性率在肿瘤病理分级和临床分期间差异有统计学意义( P <0.05)。(2)COX-2的表达与HER-2、p53的表达呈正相关性( P <0.05)。结论COX-2、p53和HER-2的异常表达可能在膀胱移行细胞癌的发生发展中起一定的作用,膀胱移行细胞癌COX-2表达可能和HER-2、p53的异常表达具有密切关联性。     

膀胱移行细胞癌P—gp表达与凋亡相关蛋白p53、bcl—2的关系

目的探讨膀胱移行细胞癌组织中MDR1基因产物P-gp表达与凋亡相关蛋白p53、bcl-2的相互关系及其临床意义.方法采用免疫组化S-P法检测107例原发性膀胱移行细胞癌组织中P-gp、p53、bcl-2蛋白的表达情况.结果P-gp、p53、bcl-2蛋白的阳性表达率分别为63.6%、72.9%、54.2%,三者的过度表达均与膀胱癌的病理分级、临床分期和术后腔内化疗后复发有关;P-gp表达与p53、bcl-2蛋白的表达密切相关(P＜0.01或P＜0.05).结论P-gp、p53、bcl-2蛋白的过度表达不仅是判定原发性膀胱移行细胞癌恶性程度和预后的重要指标,而且凋亡相关蛋白p53、bcl-2可能参与膀胱移行细胞癌多药耐药的形成.     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

VEGF及KDR在大肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌中的表达及临床病理特征的关系。方法：大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌组织标本各100例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测VEGF和KDR在标本中的表达情况。结果：VEGF和KDR在大肠腺癌组中的阳性表达明显高于大肠腺瘤组（P〈0.05）;在正常大肠黏膜均未见VEGF和KDR表达的阳性染色;VEGF阳性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率为70%,显著高于VEGF阴性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率16%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：大肠腺癌组织中KDR的表达与肿瘤大小、转移情况、浸润深度密切相关;VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤中的表达与患者的年龄、性别及分型均无相关性,而与增生程度相关（P〈0.05）。在大肠腺癌患者中VEGF及KDR表达更高,二者具有协同效应。     

Renal irradiation and the pharmacology and toxicity of methotrexate and cisplatinum

We used a rat model to study the effects of renal irradiation on the pharmacology of methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatinum (cis-Pt). Unanesthetized rats were given bilateral kidney irradiation (20 Gy in 9 fractions). At 9 months after irradiation, 3% of the animals had died and survivors showed moderately impaired renal function. At 15 months, 30% of the animals had died and survivors showed severely impaired renal function. Some animals were given i.v. MTX 1 week to 15 months after irradiation. In irradiated rats, the area under the MTX plasma clearance curve equaled that of controls through 6 months, and was significantly above controls from 9 months on. Other animals were given i.p. cis-Pt 1 week to 9 months after irradiation. The acute toxicity of cis-Pt was the same in control and irradiated rats when cis-Pt was given immediately before or after irradiation. Beginning 3 months after irradiation there was a progressive increase in cis-Pt toxicity and a simultaneous decrease in urinary platinum excretion. Irradiated animals that survived cis-Pt treatment showed increased radiation nephritis; the greatest effect occurred when cis-Pt was given 3 months or more after irradiation. MTX and cis-Pt clearance decreased when renal dysfunction was first observed and changes in renal function preceded changes in drug clearance and toxicity.     

Fruit and vegetables and cancer risk

The possibility that fruit and vegetables may help to reduce the risk of cancer has been studied for over 30 years, but no protective effects have been firmly established. For cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract, epidemiological studies have generally observed that people with a relatively high intake of fruit and vegetables have a moderately reduced risk, but these observations must be interpreted cautiously because of potential confounding by smoking and alcohol. For lung cancer, recent large prospective analyses with detailed adjustment for smoking have not shown a convincing association between fruit and vegetable intake and reduced risk. For other common cancers, including colorectal, breast and prostate cancer, epidemiological studies suggest little or no association between total fruit and vegetable consumption and risk. It is still possible that there are benefits to be identified: there could be benefits in populations with low average intakes of fruit and vegetables, such that those eating moderate amounts have a lower cancer risk than those eating very low amounts, and there could also be effects of particular nutrients in certain fruits and vegetables, as fruit and vegetables have very varied composition. Nutritional principles indicate that healthy diets should include at least moderate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but the available data suggest that general increases in fruit and vegetable intake would not have much effect on cancer rates, at least in well-nourished populations. Current advice in relation to diet and cancer should include the recommendation to consume adequate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but should put most emphasis on the well-established adverse effects of obesity and high alcohol intakes.     

New and emerging radiosensitizers and radioprotectors

The combination of chemotherapy and radiation has led to clinical breakthroughs in several disease sites, and current work continues to define optimum combinations of proven chemotherapy as well as more recently available, noncytotoxic agents. Administration of systemic therapies allows modulation of radiation response to improve tumor control (radiosensitization) or to prevent normal tissue toxicity (radioprotection). Substantial progress has been made in identifying the targets of standard chemotherapeutic radiation sensitizers and protectors as well as in the introduction of a new generation of molecularly targeted therapies in combination with radiation. We have reviewed the most recent, predominantly early phase clinical trials combining systemic agents with radiation. Although the proof of an improved schedule ultimately needs to come from well-run Phase III trials, the search among schedules could be shortened by the use of surrogate endpoints such as presence of active drug metabolites in the tumor. This has been accomplished only in a few cases and needs to become a more standard part of radiation sensitizer and protector trials.