高迁移率族蛋白B1在小鼠肝再生中对细胞增殖的作用及机制

目的： 研究高迁移率族蛋白B1（HMGB1）在小鼠部分肝切除术（PH）后的再生过程中对细胞增殖的作用及机制。方法： 将21只雄性BALB/c小鼠，随机分为假手术组和6个PH组，每组3只。假手术组小鼠只打开腹腔暴露肝脏并不切除肝脏；PH组小鼠进行70%肝切除术，并分别于术后第6小时以及第1、2、3、5、7天处死。另外采用丙酮酸乙酯（EP）作为HMGB1的特异性抑制剂进行干预实验，9只雄性BALB/c小鼠，随机分为假手术组、PH组和EP干预组，每组3只，EP干预组小鼠在70%肝切除术后按40 mg/（kg·d）给予EP腹腔注射，术后第2天处死。取各组小鼠肝组织提取总蛋白及核浆蛋白，采用Western blot法分别检测提取的不同蛋白样品中HMGB1、TLR4、RAGE、NF-κB p65、Cyclin D1、PCNA的蛋白表达水平。结果： 小鼠于进行70% PH后的1周内，肝组织内胞核中HMGB1的蛋白表达水平，在术后第2天上升至顶峰（P < 0.05），之后逐渐回落，细胞质中该蛋白表达水平的变化与其一致。干预实验中，相比较假手术组，术后第2天PH组中TLR4、RAGE、NF-κB p65、Cyclin D1、PCNA的蛋白表达水平也明显提高（P < 0.05）。EP干预后，虽然肝组织内胞核蛋白中的HMGB1以及总蛋白中TLR4与RAGE的表达水平与PH组比较没有明显改变，但胞浆蛋白中的HMGB1和下游NF-κB p65、Cyclin D1、PCNA的蛋白表达水平出现了显著下降（P < 0.05）。结论： HMGB1在小鼠肝再生过程中对细胞的增殖发挥了调控作用，该蛋白可能作为调控肝再生的潜在干预靶点。     

小鼠肝再生过程中MnSOD作用的初步研究

目的：研究肝切除术后小鼠肝再生过程中锰超氧化物歧化酶（MnSOD）的表达及其活性的变化,探讨MnSOD在肝再生中的作用。方法：采用经典小鼠肝切除模型,将38只雄性BALB/c小鼠,随机分为30%肝切除组（30% PH组）18只,70%肝切除组（70% PH组）18只,以及对照组2只。2个肝切除组分别于术后6 h和1、2、3、5、7 d这6个时间点随机各抽取3只小鼠处死,对照组小鼠在行假手术后即处死。取肝组织,制备冰冻切片使用DHE染色法在激光共聚焦显微镜下检测活性氧（ROS）水平,实时荧光定量PCR检测小鼠肝组织中MnSOD mRNA表达水平,Western blot检测小鼠肝组织中MnSOD蛋白的表达水平,采用MnSOD试剂盒检测小鼠肝组织中的MnSOD活性。结果：肝切除术后,与对照组相比,30% PH组小鼠肝组织ROS水平在术后6 h和1 d增加,MnSOD mRNA表达水平增加（P < 0.05）,MnSOD蛋白含量无显著变化（P > 0.05）;MnSOD的活性在术后第1和2天较高,第3和5天较低,第7天恢复。70% PH组小鼠肝组织ROS水平在术后第1~5天均升高,MnSOD mRNA的水平先下降后逐渐恢复,MnSOD的蛋白含量降低,MnSOD的活性在术后第6小时和1天增加,第2~7天均处于降低状态（P均 < 0.05）。结论：在肝切除术后小鼠的肝再生过程迅速启动,尤其是在70% PH后肝细胞迅速增殖,并在术后一段时间逐渐恢复到静息状态,其机制可能与MnSOD含量和活性的下调从而导致ROS升高有关。     

原花青素抑制脂多糖激活神经小胶质细胞的机制

目的：研究原花青素抑制脂多糖（LPS）激活神经小胶质细胞的机制。方法：采用1.0 μg/mL LPS刺激神经小胶质细胞建立体外炎症模型,再用不同浓度（0.1、0.5、2.5、10.0 μg/mL）原花青素进行干预,四甲基噻唑蓝（MTT）法检测不同浓度原花青素对神经小胶质细胞的毒性,ELISA法检测炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的表达,Western blot法检测TLR4、p38、p-p38蛋白的表达。结果：与对照组比较,1.0 μg/mL LPS组TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平均显著升高（P < 0.05）,TLR4和p-p38蛋白表达亦显著增加（P < 0.05）;给予不同浓度原花青素干预后,与1.0 μg/mL LPS组比较,炎性因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6分泌水平均下降（P均 < 0.05）,TLR4和p-p38蛋白表达水平均显著下调（P均 < 0.05）。结论：原花青素可能通过TLR4/p38 MAPK信号通路抑制脂多糖激活神经小胶质细胞。     

毛蕊花糖苷对血小板衍生生长因子BB处理后大鼠肝星状细胞的影响

目的：探讨毛蕊花糖苷对血小板衍生生长因子BB（PDGF-BB）诱导的大鼠肝星状细胞（HSC）活化、迁移、胶原沉积、纤维化作用的影响,并进一步探讨其对ERK1/2、Akt信号通路表达的影响。方法：HSC细胞分为毛蕊花糖苷（1.5、3.0、6.0 mg/L）组[重组大鼠PDGF-BB（rrPDGF-BB）预处理24 h后,不同浓度的毛蕊花糖苷干预],PDGF-BB组（rrPDGF-BB预处理24 h,无毛蕊花糖苷干预）,对照组（无rrPDGF-BB预处理,无毛蕊花糖苷干预）;分别采用划痕实验检测细胞迁移能力,ELISA法检测Ⅰ型胶原（Col-I）含量,Western blot检测纤维化HSC活化标志物α-SMA蛋白、凋亡效应分子caspase-3,及ERK1/2、Akt信号通路相关蛋白的表达水平。结果：与对照组比较,PDGF-BB组能促进HSC的迁移（P < 0.01）,毛蕊花糖苷（1.5、3.0、6.0 mg/L）组能明显抑制HSC的迁移（P < 0.01）,且毛蕊花糖苷抑制HSC的迁移有明显的剂量依赖性（r=0.894,P=0.038）;随着受试物浓度的增加,Col-I分泌呈现降低趋势,其中毛蕊花糖苷6 mg/L组抑制胶原产生的作用效果最明显（P < 0.01）;毛蕊花糖苷（1.5,3.0,6.0 mg/L）组能够抑制α-SMA蛋白的表达、激活caspase-3的活性,使ERK1/2、P-ERK1/2、Akt、P-Akt蛋白表达明显降低,且测定蛋白的表达在毛蕊花糖苷各剂量组间也呈现一定的剂量-效应关系（0.826 < r < 0.997,P < 0.01）。结论：毛蕊花糖苷可抑制rrPDGF-BB诱导的HSC的活化、迁移和纤维化作用,其机制可能与毛蕊花糖苷激活caspase-3,阻断ERK1/2、Akt信号通路,抑制HSC中细胞外基质过度沉积及胶原形成有关。     

HMGB1 siRNA干扰对食管鳞癌细胞放射敏感性的影响

目的： 采用siRNA技术干扰人食管鳞癌细胞中高迁移率族蛋白B1（HMGB1）基因表达，观察经X射线照射后细胞增殖活性、存活能力及细胞凋亡率的变化。方法： 针对HMGB1 mRNA序列，设计合成有效的干扰序列HMGB1 siRNA，并转染食管鳞癌KYSE30细胞，同时设置转染阴性对照序列的阴性对照组以及未进行转染的空白对照组。采用实时荧光定量PCR（qPCR）和Western blot法检测各组细胞HMGB1 mRNA和蛋白的表达；分别用MTS比色、克隆形成实验、流式细胞术和Western blot法检测HMGB1 siRNA干扰对食管鳞癌细胞KYSE30细胞的增殖活力、存活能力、细胞凋亡率及凋亡相关蛋白表达的影响。结果： HMGB1 siRNA干扰后，KYSE30细胞HMGB1 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平明显降低（P均 < 0.01）；MTS数据显示HMGB1 siRNA干扰后经X射线照射显著抑制了食管鳞癌细胞的增殖水平（与空白对照组和阴性对照组比较，P < 0.05）；克隆形成实验结果显示空白对照组、阴性对照组、HMGB1 siRNA组的D₀值分别为2.57、2.54、1.55 Gy；D_q值分别为1.69、1.65、1.30 Gy；SF₂值分别为0.27、0.27、0.13；外推数N值分别为1.93、1.91、2.31；X射线照射后HMGB1 siRNA组肿瘤细胞的凋亡率明显增加，同时bcl-2蛋白表达显著降低，而bax、caspase-3蛋白的表达明显增加（与空白对照组和阴性对照组比较，P < 0.01）。结论： siRNA干扰技术可用来抑制食管鳞癌细胞中HMGB1基因的表达，联合X射线照射降低了肿瘤细胞的增殖水平和存活能力，诱导了细胞凋亡，增加了放射敏感性，该作用可能与调控bcl-2、bax和caspase-3基因表达有关。     

利拉鲁肽对脲链佐菌素诱导阿尔茨海默病大鼠认知功能及Tau蛋白磷酸化的影响

目的：探讨利拉鲁肽对脲链佐菌素（STZ）诱导阿尔茨海默病（AD）大鼠认知功能及Tau蛋白磷酸化的影响。方法：Wistar雄性大鼠24只,随机分为空白对照组、假手术组、模型组和治疗组,每组6只,采用单次右侧脑室注射STZ（3 mg/kg）诱导AD大鼠,14 d后连续4周皮下注射利拉鲁肽干预;利用Morris水迷宫实验检测大鼠认知功能改变,利用免疫组织化学法和Western blot法检测Ser396位点磷酸化的Tau蛋白表达。结果：Morris水迷宫实验结果显示,与空白对照组相比,假手术组大鼠的逃逸潜伏期和穿越平台次数差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;与假手术组相比,模型组大鼠逃逸潜伏期和穿越平台次数增加（P<0.05）;与模型组相比,利拉鲁肽治疗组大鼠逃逸潜伏期和穿越平台次数减少（P<0.05）。免疫组化和Western blot检测结果显示,模型组大鼠海马组织中Ser396位点磷酸化的Tau蛋白表达增加（P<0.05）,经利拉鲁肽干预后表达减少（P<0.05）。结论：利拉鲁肽能改善STZ诱导的AD大鼠空间学习记忆能力的损伤,降低大鼠海马区Ser396位点磷酸化的Tau蛋白表达。     

协同刺激分子B7-H4在小鼠食管癌前病变中的表达

目的：研究协同刺激分子B7同系物4（B7-H4）在小鼠食管癌前病变中的表达变化,探讨其在食管鳞状细胞癌发生中的作用。方法：133只C57BL/6小鼠,分为对照组42只和诱癌组91只。诱癌组小鼠采用饮水法给予50 μg/mL 4-硝基喹啉-1-氧化物（4NQO）15周,诱导小鼠食管癌前病变。通过苏木素-伊红（HE）染色法评价食管组织病理变化;免疫组化和Western blot检测B7-H4蛋白在食管组织中的表达,Western blot检测B7-H4蛋白在小鼠血清中的表达。结果：从16~28周,4NQO诱癌组小鼠食管组织出现肉眼可见的增厚、凸起、肿块等病理改变。HE染色结果显示,小鼠食管组织癌前病变级别与诱癌时间呈正相关（r=0.55,P < 0.01）。另外,B7-H4在食管组织的表达水平与食管癌前病变级别呈正相关（r=0.57,P < 0.01）。与对照组相比,第26周和第28周诱癌组小鼠食管组织B7-H4蛋白表达显著升高（P < 0.05或P < 0.01）。与正常小鼠相比,高级别上皮内瘤变小鼠血清B7-H4蛋白浓度显著升高（P < 0.05）。结论：小鼠食管癌前病变进程中,B7-H4蛋白在血清和食管组织中表达上调,B7-H4可能参与了食管癌前病变的进程。     

催化性抗氧化剂AEOL-10150对氮芥诱导小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的： 探讨催化性抗氧化剂AEOL-10150对氮芥诱导小鼠肝损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法： 实验对象为C57BL/6小鼠,采用腹腔单次注射盐酸氮芥（2 mg/kg）构建急性肝损伤模型,染毒后0.5和6 h分别给予AEOL-10150（5 mg/kg）进行治疗干预,染毒3 d后处死小鼠,收集眼球血液和肝组织,观察肝组织大体改变和HE染色后进行组织病理学检测;检测血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和谷草转氨酶（AST）活性,肝组织活性氧（ROS）水平、丙二醛（MDA）含量和还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量,肝组织氧化还原调控分子Nrf-2的mRNA表达水平,肝组织髓过氧化物酶（MPO）活性,血清炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β含量。结果： 2 mg/kg的氮芥单次腹腔注射3 d后可以成功诱导小鼠肝组织氧化损伤和炎症反应。与氮芥染毒组小鼠相比,AEOL-10150治疗组动物肝组织病理损伤程度减轻,血清ALT和AST活性降低,同时肝组织ROS水平和MDA含量显著减少,伴有GSH含量增加和Nrf-2的mRNA和蛋白表达水平降低（均为P<0.05）。此外,AEOL-10150治疗组小鼠的肝组织MPO活性及血清TNF-α、IL-1β浓度较氮芥染毒组显著降低（均为P<0.05）。结论： AEOL-10150能够有效减轻氮芥诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤,其机制可能与直接抗氧化作用及抗炎效应有关。     

邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯对小鼠睾丸损伤及 p-CREB蛋白 表达的影响

目的：探讨邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己）酯（DEHP）对小鼠睾丸损伤及睾丸组织磷酸化环磷酸腺苷反应元件结合蛋白（p-CREB）表达的影响。方法：选用ICR初断乳雄性小鼠40只,随机分为对照组（玉米油）和DEHP染毒组（250、500、1 000 mg/kg）,经口灌胃,1次/天,6天/周,连续8周,于末次染毒24 h后处死动物,称取睾丸、附睾质量计算脏器系数并进行精子计数,检测睾丸组织形态学改变,采用免疫组织化学SP法检测睾丸组织p-CREB蛋白的表达。结果：与对照组相比,250、500和1 000 mg/kg DEHP染毒组小鼠附睾脏器系数及精子计数均明显降低（P < 0.05）,1 000 mg/kg组小鼠睾丸系数亦明显下降,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。各DEHP染毒组小鼠睾丸曲细精管上皮细胞出现层次减少、排列疏松、紊乱等改变;随着染毒剂量升高,睾丸组织中p-CREB蛋白表达下降,DEHP 500和1 000 mg/kg组较对照组差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论：DEHP可致小鼠曲细精管生精上皮细胞损伤、精子数下降、p-CREB蛋白表达减少。     

RBMS3-AS3对宫颈癌细胞增殖、凋亡和侵袭的影响及作用机制

目的：探讨RNA结合基序单链相互作用蛋白3反义链3（RBMS3-AS3）对宫颈癌细胞增殖、凋亡和侵袭的影响及作用机制。方法：培养人宫颈永生化细胞Ect1/E6E7和宫颈癌HeLa、Caski和SiHa细胞,实时荧光定量PCR检测细胞中RBMS3-AS3表达水平,Western blot法检测RNA结合基序单链相互作用蛋白3（RBMS3）蛋白水平。将HeLa细胞分为对照组（细胞正常培养）、si-RBMS3-AS3组（转染RBMS3-AS3小干扰RNA）、阴性序列组（转染乱序无意义阴性序列）、si-RBMS3-AS3+si-RBMS3组（共转染RBMS3-AS3和RBMS3的小干扰RNA）和si-RBMS3-AS3+阴性序列组（共转染RBMS3-AS3与乱序无意义阴性序列）,四甲基噻唑蓝染色法（MTT）检测细胞增殖率,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,Transwell检测细胞侵袭能力,Western blot检测各组HeLa细胞中细胞周期蛋白D1（Cyclin D1）、B淋巴细胞瘤-2（Bcl-2）、B淋巴细胞瘤-2相关蛋白（Bax）和基质金属蛋白酶2（MMP-2）蛋白表达水平。结果：宫颈癌细胞系HeLa、Caski和SiHa中RBMS3-AS3表达水平均高于Ect1/E6E7细胞（P < 0.05）,而RBMS3蛋白表达低于Ect1/E6E7细胞（P < 0.05）。与对照组或阴性序列组相比,si-RBMS3-AS3组HeLa细胞的活性、侵袭细胞数、Cyclin D1、Bcl-2和MMP-2蛋白表达水平降低（P < 0.05）,细胞凋亡率及RBMS3和Bax蛋白表达水平升高（P < 0.05）。与si-RBMS3-AS3+阴性序列组比较,si-RBMS3-AS3+si-RBMS3组HeLa细胞活性、侵袭细胞数及Cyclin D1、Bcl-2和MMP-2蛋白表达水平升高（P < 0.05）,细胞凋亡率和Bax蛋白表达水平降低（P < 0.05）。结论：抑制RBMS3-AS3表达可抑制宫颈癌细胞增殖和侵袭,并促进细胞凋亡,这可能与上调RBMS3表达有关。     

Hypoxia-increased RAGE and P2X7R expression regulates tumor cell invasion through phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and Akt and nuclear translocation of NF-{kappa}B

The role of hypoxia in regulating tumor progression is still controversial. Here, we demonstrate that, similarly to what previously observed by us in human prostate and breast tumor samples, hypoxia increases expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and the purinergic receptor P2X7 (P2X7R). The role of hypoxia was shown by the fact that hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α silencing downregulated RAGE and P2X7R protein levels as well as nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) expression. In contrast, NF-κB silencing reduced P2X7R expression without affecting RAGE protein levels or nuclear accumulation of HIF-1α. Treatment of hypoxic tumor cells with HMGB1 and BzATP ligands, respectively, of RAGE and P2X7R, activated a signaling pathway that, through Akt and Erk phosphorylation, determines nuclear accumulation of NF-κB and increases cell invasion. Inhibition of Akt by SH5 and Erk by INH1 prevented both nuclear translocation of NF-κB and cell invasion. Moreover, silencing RAGE and P2X7R abolished nuclear accumulation of NF-κB as well as cell invasion without affecting HIF-1α stabilization. Once in the nucleus, NF-κB would contribute to cell survival and invasion under hypoxia, by maintaining RAGE and P2X7R expression levels and matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 synthesis. These results show that, hypoxia can upregulate expression levels of membrane receptors that, by binding extracellular molecules eventually released by necrotic cells, contribute to the increased invasiveness of transformed tumor cells. Moreover, these observations strengthen our working hypothesis that upregulation of damage-associated molecular patterns receptors by HIF-1α represents the crucial event bridging hypoxia and inflammation in obtaining the malignant phenotype.     

HMGB1 promotes the synthesis of pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 by activation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB through receptors for advanced glycation end-products in macrophages

The high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) protein and NALP3 inflammasome have been identified to play important roles in inflammation and cancer pathogenesis, but the relationships between the two and cancer remain unclear. The current study investigated the relationship between HMGB1 and the NALP3 inflammasome in THP-1 macrophages. HMGB1 was found unable to activate the NALP3 inflammasome and failed to induce the release of the IL-1β and IL-18 in THP-1 macrophages. HMGB1 was also found significantly enhanced the activity of ATP to induce IL-1β and IL-18 by the induction of increased expression of pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18. This process was dependent on activation of RAGE, MAPK p38 and NF-κB signaling pathway. These results demonstrate that HMGB1 promotes the synthesis of pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 in THP-1 macrophages by the activation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB through RAGE. HMGB1 likely plays an important role in the first step of the release of the IL-1β and IL-18, preparing for other cytokines to induce excessive release of IL-1β and IL-18 which promote inflammation and cancer progression.     

High mobility group box 1 released from necrotic cells enhances regrowth and metastasis of cancer cells that have survived chemotherapy

The role of the high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein in chemotherapy-induced cell death was examined. CT26 mouse colon cancer cells were treated with trichostatin A (TSA; apoptosis inducer) or doxorubicin (DXR; necrosis inducer). DXR increased HMGB1 concentration in CT26 cell culture medium, whereas TSA did not. In a CT26 bilateral subcutaneous tumour model, DXR or TSA was injected in a single tumour. After injection, serum HMGB1 concentration in DXR-treated mice was 10 times higher than that in TSA-treated mice. After DXR treatment, the contralateral and remnant tumours showed more pronounced growth than did those treated with TSA. In mouse models, lung and liver metastasis was enhanced by DXR but not by TSA. DXR-enhanced metastasis was abrogated by anti-HMGB1 antibody treatment. In a cancer dormancy model, DXR induced regrowth of quiescent CT26 cells. HMGB1 induced tumour necrosis factor-α secretion via Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 in U937 monocytes; however, HMGB1 decreased the number of U937 cells, resulting in restriction of immune activation via receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE). RAGE showed a more pronounced effect on nuclear factor kappa B activation than did TLR4 in CT26 cells. These findings suggest that HMGB1 released from necrotic cancer cells treated with a necrosis inducer enhances regrowth and metastasis of remnant cancer cells via RAGE activation.     

丙戊酸钠对奥沙利铂化疗痛大鼠的镇痛作用及其机制探讨

目的:探讨丙戊酸钠对奥沙利铂（oxaliplatin,OXA）化疗痛大鼠的镇痛作用及其机制。方法:连续5天腹腔注射OXA构建化疗痛大鼠模型;鞘内注射丙戊酸钠进行干预;将大鼠随机分成对照组、模型组以及丙戊酸钠给药组,记录大鼠痛觉行为及运动能力变化;分子对接分析丙戊酸钠与组蛋白去乙酰化酶（histone deacetylase,HDAC6）结合;免疫荧光和免疫印迹法检测各组动物脊髓组织中HDAC6、星形胶质细胞标记物胶质纤维酸性蛋白(glail fibrillary acidic protein,GFAP)、促炎细胞因子白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)以及Toll样受体4（Toll-like receptor 4,TLR4）/髓样分化因子88（myeloid differentiation factor 88,MyD88）/核因子κB（nuclear factor κB,NF-κB）/半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶1（Caspase-1）信号途径各成分蛋白的表达变化。结果:行为学检测表明,与对照组相比,连续腹腔注射OXA诱导大鼠自发缩足次数增加（P<0.05）,机械痛觉阈值下降（P<0.05）,运动能力受损（P<0.05）。免疫印迹和免疫荧光分析显示,与对照组相比,模型组脊髓组织中HDAC6、IL-1β、GFAP、TLR4、MyD88、NF-κB和Caspase-1蛋白表达水平均增加（P<0.05）。与模型组相比,丙戊酸钠鞘内给药后减少大鼠自发缩足次数（P<0.05）,增加机械痛觉阈值（P<0.05）,转棒停留时间及运动距离增长（P<0.05）;降低HDAC6、IL-1β、GFAP、TLR4、MyD88、NF-κB和Caspase-1蛋白表达水平（P<0.05）。结论:丙戊酸钠可能通过靶向阻断HDAC6抑制脊髓TLR4/NF-κB/IL-1β炎症信号缓解大鼠化疗痛。     

乙醇诱导小鼠急性肝细胞损伤模型中NF-κB的表达

目的：研究核因子NF-κB在乙醇诱导小鼠急性肝细胞损伤中的表达及意义。方法：40只小鼠随机分成对照组和3个乙醇(250、500、1000mmol/kg)染毒组,每组10只。一次性灌胃染毒,16h后检测小鼠血清中天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)的活力;染毒24h后采用HE及油红O染色进行病理学观察;采用免疫组织化学法观察小鼠肝细胞中NF-κB蛋白的表达。结果：3个乙醇染毒组小鼠血清中的转氨酶AST和ALT活力均高于对照组 (P均<0.05);HE染色发现小鼠肝组织中出现肝细胞内空泡变性。油红O染色显示损伤的肝细胞内出现大量脂滴。免疫组织化学检测发现500和1000mmol/kg乙醇染毒组小鼠肝细胞胞质及胞核内NF-κB蛋白表达的积分光密度明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论：成功复制了急性小鼠酒精性肝损伤的模型,NF-κB升高是小鼠急性酒精性肝细胞损伤的一个重要分子事件。     

Extracellular HSPA1A promotes the growth of hepatocarcinoma by augmenting tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis-resistance

Intracellular HSP70 has been implicated as a cytoprotective protein, whereas the effect of extracellular HSP70 on tumor cells has not been fully understood to date. Here we report that extracellular HSPA1A, a stress-inducible member of HSP70 family, could promote tumor growth. HSPA1A promoted the proliferation of H22 hepatocarcinoma cells through TLR2 and TLR4 signaling. The effect of HSPA1A was abolished by inhibiting NF-κB. HSPA1A also augmented the apoptosis-resistance of H22 cells by activating NF-κB, thus to promote the proliferation of H22 cells in presence of mitomycin C. Furthermore, the promoting effect of HSPA1A on tumor cell proliferation was existent after the removal of HSPA1A, which might involve HSPA1A-promoted upregulation of TLR4 expression in tumor cells and release of HMGB1 from tumor cells. These findings suggest that extracellular HSPA1A functions as endogenous ligand for TLR2 and TLR4 to facilitate tumor growth.     

Suppression of toll-like receptor 2 expression inhibits the bioactivity of human hepatocellular carcinoma

Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 signaling is regarded as one of the mechanisms of chronic inflammation, but it can also mediate tumor cell immune escape and tumor progression. However, the role of TLR2 in the progression of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. The objective of the study was to examine the effect of TLR2 on the bioactivity of HCC cell lines, HepG2 and BEL-7402, and the relationship between high mobility group box1 (HMGB1) and TLR2. The expression of TLR2 and nuclear factor-kappaB/P65 (NF-κB/P65) in HepG2 and BEL-7402 was assayed by Western blot. Cells were transfected with specific small interfering RNAs of TLR2 (TLR2-siRNAs), then TLR2-siRNA-transfected cells were treated with recombinant HMGB1 (rHMGB1). Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. Results showed that TLR2 was expressed in HepG2 and BEL-7402 cells. The ability of proliferation, invasion, and migration in siRNA group was lower than that in blank group, and the apoptosis ratio was higher than that in blank group, respectively. NF-κB/P65 expression was declined in contrast with blank group. Downregulation of TLR2 by siRNA resulted in a significant inhibition of proliferation, invasion, migration, and NF-κB/P65 expression, and elevated apoptotic ratio. Conversely, rHMGB1 promoted proliferation, invasion, and migration, induced NF-κB/P65 expression, and inhibited cells apoptosis. Furthermore, downregulation of TLR2 weakened the role of rHMGB1. This study suggests TLR2 and HMGB1 are important targets for therapeutic intervention of HCC.